Pemimpin Idaman Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural

<p><em>This study aims to formulate indicators and characteristics of an effective leader and are desired by a multicultural society. This research is important to answer various problems or conflicts that occur in Indonesian society, especially social conflicts related to religion. Based on the existing literature, it is explained that the factors associated with effective multicultural leadership to deal with social conflict are personal identity, individual competence and individual experiences related to diversity. The method used in this article is through normative research or through literature searches such as books, journals, papers and other sources that are considered to be similar or relevant. The results of the research in this article indicate that factors related to multicultural leadership expected by society are one's innate nature, values that support diversity that are instilled early in a person and environmental factors that can provide experiences to increase cultural intelligence. In the indicators there are innate traits that are important to have, such as: patient, courageous, assertive and innovative.</em></p>

The Significance of Tabayyun Practice as Conflict Resolution in Indonesian Society

<p class="abstrak">This article seeks to explain the significance of Tabayyun's practice as conflict resolution in Indonesian society. Indonesia is a multicultural country with considerable potential for conflict. To prevent that, it is necessary to be aware in the community to be open to each other and try to find clarity on a problem/information so as not to cause prolonged conflict. In Islamic Theology, the practice is called Tabbayun. The research problem in this study is the extent to which the significance of Tabayyun's practice can be a conflict resolution in Indonesian society? This research uses a qualitative approach using library methods and is also supported by data from interviews with Muslim figures who have practiced tabayyun in resolving conflicts in society. The results of this study show that tabayyun practice has a very big meaning in solving social conflicts in Indonesian society because it can improve the quality of information conveyed and received, clarify the root causes in a conflict, prevent disasters due to unclear root problems in conflict, and foster social ethics based on religious values in Islamic theology.</p><p class="abstrak"><em>Artikel ini berupaya menjelaskan pentingnya praktik Tabayyun sebagai penyelesaian konflik di masyarakat Indonesia. Masalah penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah sejauh mana signifikansi praktik Tabayyun dapat menjadi penyelesaian konflik di masyarakat Indonesia?. Indonesia adalah negara multikultural dengan potensi konflik yang cukup besar. Untuk mencegah hal itu, perlu diwaspadai di masyarakat untuk saling terbuka dan berusaha mencari kejelasan sebuah permasalahan/informasi agar tidak menimbulkan konflik yang berkepanjangan. Dalam Teologi Islam, praktik ini disebut Tabbayun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan juga didukung dengan data hasil wawancara dengan tokoh-tokoh muslim yang telah mengamalkan tabayyun dalam menyelesaikan konflik di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik Tabayyun memiliki arti yang sangat besar dalam penyelesaian konflik sosial di masyarakat Indonesia karena dapat meningkatkan kualitas informasi yang disampaikan dan diterima, memperjelas akar permasalahan dalam sebuah konflik, mencegah bencana karena ketidakjelasan akar permasalahan dalam konflik, dan menumbuhkan etika sosial berdasarkan nilai-nilai agama dalam teologi Islam.</em></p>

Drone affective politics against state impunity: The case of 43 disappeared students in Ayotzinapa, Mexico

This article analyzes some implications of new drone aesthetics involved in affective politics against state impunity in social conflicts. Whereas the literature on media, war and conflict has been centered around the war aesthetics of military drones, the author argues that civilian drones can mobilize affective politics – expressed, for example, in the aestheticization of shame, rage and the subversion of fear – as a means of political communication with and against the state. Further, she proposes that the present focus on drone aesthetics should be expanded to also account for the political affects that aesthetic sensory perceptions mobilize. Drawing on actor-network theory and new materialism, the article takes the disappearance of 43 students in Ayotzinapa (Mexico) as an exemplary case of state impunity in the context of the war against drugs and social conflict. By means of a digital ethnography of the social collective project Rexiste, the author analyzes its public interventions deploying a civil drone named ‘Droncita’, which sought to generate an aesthetics of affect against state impunity. The article contributes toward expanding investigation of (civilian) drone aesthetics and the mobilization of affective politics in the literature on war and social conflicts and collective action.

MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM ISLAM DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN KONTEKS KEINDONESIAAN

The failure to have a dialogue between religious understanding and social reality in Indonesia, which is multicultural, plural, and diverse, is the root of social conflicts with religious backgrounds. The failure to dialogue understanding is experienced by hardline groups who do not want to tolerate and find it difficult to compromise with the understanding of other religions that are different. The main commitment of religious moderation to tolerance makes it the best way to deal with religious radicalism that threatens religious life itself and, in turn, affects the life of community, nation and state unity.Keyword: Moderation of Religion, IndonesianAbstrakKegagalan dalam mendialogkan pemahaman agama dengan realitas sosial di Indonesia yang multikultural, plural, dan beragam merupakan akar dari konflikkonflik sosial berlatarbelakang agama. Kegagalan mendialogkan pemahaman dialami oleh kelompok garis keras yang tidak mau mentolelir dan sulit berkompromi dengan pemahaman agama lain yang berbeda. Komitmen utama moderasi beragama terhadap toleransi menjadikannya sebagai cara terbaik untuk menghadapi radikalisme agama yang mengancam kehidupan beragama itu sendiri dan, pada gilirannya, mengimbasi kehidupan persatuan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara.Kata Kunci: Moderasi Beragama, Indonesia

What Confers Political Legitimacy in a Modern Society?

In this essay Wight considered several sources of legitimacy for a modern Western society. A well-functioning state bureaucracy is a necessity. Popular consultation involving the consent of the governed is also essential. In Britain elective parliamentary democracy meets this need. Citizens must agree on the principle of respecting current laws pending their revision through legal channels. A new authoritative source of legitimacy may replace an old one if citizens transfer their loyalty to it. Time may either heal the injured and legitimate the results of social conflicts or exacerbate antagonisms. Communist regimes and right-wing autocrats such as General Franco in Spain and the Shah of Iran appealed to a principle of ‘legitimation by success’. Other legitimation myths have included ‘childhood ideas of Robin Hood’, ‘the siege’, and ‘the pilgrimage’, but the most fundamental source of legitimacy resides in the blood shed for a society’s independence and the rebirth of its great founding principles. This bloodshed justifies the society’s rededication to pursuing its unfinished work. An opposing question concerns the individual dissenter’s political legitimacy, which must hinge on certain criteria (such as rationality and conscientiousness) to win moral respect. The ‘rationalist illusion’ supposes that citizens can be critical spectators in the proceedings of their own society and its politics. Such detachment is not attainable, and derives from the fallacy that political life can be reduced to the conscious and purposeful management of material needs.

EFFECTIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT: TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND SOCIAL CONFLICTS OF FISHERMEN DUE TO THE USE OF TRAWLING

The use of trawling as a fishing tool has long been known to have a very bad impact on the environment and creates social conflict in fishing communities. Likewise, on the North-East coast of Aceh there are still fishermen who use trawlers as fishing gear. On the other hand, the use of trawling is very damaging to the environment and causes social conflicts for fishermen. The cessation of trawling operations also has an economic and social impact on fishermen who have been using trawling for their livelihood. This study tries to explore how the impact of environmental damage and social impacts or fishing conflicts that occur due to the use of trawling and how the social and economic impacts if trawling operations are stopped on the North-East coast of Aceh. The research method was carried out with an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that there was significant environmental damage in the research area, namely in the waters of Lhokseumawe, North Aceh, East Aceh and Langsa. This is marked by the destruction of coral reefs and the reduced population of various types of fish, some of which are even very rare. The use of trawling also has an impact on social conflicts among fishermen which often occur. Meanwhile, the prohibition of trawling also has an impact on the loss of income for trawler fishermen and those who depend on trawling operations for their livelihoods. This study recommends stopping trawling permanently to preserve the aquatic environment and avoid social conflicts with fishing communities. Furthermore, to save trawler fishermen, the government must try to convert trawler fishing gear to fishing gear that is more economical and environmentally friendly.

PENYALURAN BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI DANA DESA DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL YANG DITIMBULKAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

The purpose of this research is to help us understand and examine the process of allocating Cash Direct Assistance from village funds, maps of social conflicts and mitigation efforts against conflicts that occur in Seumadam village, Vocational Muda District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The results showed that the data collection process, determination, method and mechanism for distributing BLT-DD Kampung Seumadam had been carried out in accordance with existing regulations. Social conflicts caused by the distribution of BLT-Dana Desa Seumadam Village occurred vertically and horizontally. vertical conflicts occur between the Village Government and the community, while horizontal conflicts occur between the Seumadam village community itself. The causes of the conflict occurred, among others, due to the absorption of community aspirations that had not been maximized in the distribution of BLT-Village Funds and the absence of socialization carried out by the village government regarding the process or mechanism for distributing BLT-Village Funds. Mitigation efforts against conflicts that occur are carried out through a process of deliberation and socialization of the assistance program carried out by the village.

Impact of COVID - 19 Pandemic on Moral Disengagement Models Adopted by Hospitality Operations: A Case Study of Cairo, Egypt

COVID - 19 caused a lot of economic, political and social conflicts to all world populations and states. Many researches to explored the impacts of COVID - 19 on these perspectives. However, few if any were focused to measure the shift in moral models adopted due to this pandemic. This paper targets to explore the moral shifts in these models as a result of moral disengagement caused by the pandemic. The impacts on total performance, reputation, present and future image of operations and the role of accumulated experience to mitigate these impacts are also in focus. A questionnaire tool built in five -point Likert scale was distributed and 202 forms were validated via Survey Monkey. Online ANOVA, percentages and Pearson correlation were used. Conclusions indicate the importance of accumulated experience to limit immoral decisions resulting from disengagement. Findings also show strong correlations among disengagement and reputation and present and future image of the business.