Latin America as a Multistate Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Luis Roniger
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Nation States ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Postcolonial Development ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
Working Out

This chapter discusses ongoing debates about the conceptual constructs used to approach Latin America. While recognizing it as a region of multiple nation-states, each with its own unique historical and political backgrounds, this opening chapter stresses the relevance of considering the entwined histories and transnational connections of the region. The process of state construction left a legacy of cross-border networks and a protracted involvement in the affairs of neighboring states. With porous borders and a series of diasporas, migrations, and relocations, all the while facing similar challenges of postcolonial development, Latin America experienced a profound spillover of people and ideas. Repeatedly, transnational dynamics operated within national contexts. Moreover, the region has long witnessed cross-border movements and struggles, prompting international agreements on issues of common concern, including human rights, working out regional mechanisms even before those principles reached a global scale. The chapter suggests that adding transnational analysis provides deeper understanding of the region’s political, cultural, and social dynamics.

What Explains Cross-Border Migration in Latin America?

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Clark ◽  
Timothy J. Hatton ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cross Border

A Bridge across the Rhine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Carrol
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
First World ◽  
Dividing Line

This chapter introduces Alsace and contextualizes its interwar experience by tracing its longer history. Alsace was gradually incorporated into France during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, annexed into Germany in 1871, and then returned to France in 1918 in the aftermath of the First World War and the Alsatian Revolution. Across these years, transfers of Alsatian sovereignty led to movements of the border between France and Germany. This chapter discusses Alsatian experiences of these years, and suggests that their impact was to unify the regional population that was divided by confession, class, gender, and milieu. In doing so it considers the ways in which cross-border contact shaped Alsatian society, while evolving ideas about borders ensured that the boundary was increasingly described as a dividing line between nation states.

‘The telegraph and the bank’: on the interdependence of global communications and capitalism, 1866–1914

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone M. Müller ◽  
Heidi J.S. Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New Markets ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Asymmetrical Information ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Global Communications ◽  
Social Orders

AbstractThis article uses the example of submarine telegraphy to trace the interdependence between global communications and modern capitalism. It uncovers how cable entrepreneurs created the global telegraph network based upon particular understandings of cross-border trade, while economists such as John Maynard Keynes and John Hobson saw global communications as the foundation for capitalist exchange. Global telegraphic networks were constructed to support extant capitalist systems until the 1890s, when states and corporations began to lay telegraph cables to open up new markets, particularly in Asia and Latin America, as well as for strategic and military reasons. The article examines how the interaction between telegraphy and capitalism created particular geographical spaces and social orders despite opposition from myriad Western and non-Western groups. It argues that scholars need to account for the role of infrastructure in creating asymmetrical information and access to trade that have continued to the present day.

scholarly journals Analysis of the cross-border mobility of students between China and Latin America in the context of higher education internationalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Cross ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Higher Education Internationalization

En la actualidad, a medida que se van acelerando el desarrollo la economía y el conocimiento, la internacionalización de la educación superior llega a ser una tendencia común en el desarrollo de la educación, con la movilidad estudiantil internacional como indicador importante. En el periodo que comprende el inicio del siglo XXI hasta el brote de la epidemia de COVID-19, el flujo transfronterizo de estudiantes ha mostrado un importante desarrollo de escala y velocidad de crecimiento; y los intercambios humanísticos cada vez más estrechos entre China y América Latina están intensificando aún más la cooperación e interacción entre ambas partes en el ámbito de la educación superior. En la nueva era del desarrollo constructivo entre China y América Latina, sería de gran importancia estratégica realizar un análisis profundo de la situación actual, pasando por la trayectoria histórica, factores favorables y desfavorables, así como problemas existentes y perspectivas de la movilidad estudiantil transfronteriza, con el fin de seguir fomentando la cooperación integral de las dos regiones y promover el papel que desempeñan los talentos sino-latinoamericanos.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Luis Roniger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Latin American Development

The introduction addresses the idea of “Latin America” as a constructed concept of transnational and comparative significance. It introduces the reader to the dynamic character of regional perspectives, with questions that have grown increasingly complex given the contested nature of borders, increasing globalization, multiculturalism, and transnational migration. Although diversity defines Latin America, supporting comparative approaches within and beyond its fluid boundaries, it is equally important to note the shared geopolitical, sociological, and cultural trends that have shaped a transnational domain of connected histories, recurrent interactions, and continental visions. These transnational trends have emerged time and again, affecting the nation-states that crystallized in the nineteenth century. It is to the analysis of this Janus face of Latin American development that the book’s chapters turn.

scholarly journals Postneoliberalism as institutional recalibration: Reading Polanyi through Argentina’s soy boom

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Berndt ◽  
Marion Werner ◽  
Víctor Ramiro Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Double Movement ◽  
Movement Type ◽  
Societal Reaction ◽  
Fictitious Commodities

While postneoliberalism is often interpreted as a societal reaction against the deleterious effects of marketization in Latin America, this paper develops a finer-grained Polanyian institutional analysis to gain better analytical purchase on the ambivalent outcomes of postneoliberal reforms. Drawing on recent insights in economic geography, and in dialogue with the Latin American structuralist tradition, we elaborate our framework through a case study of the Argentinian soy boom of the 2000s, identifying forms of market extension, redistribution, reciprocity and householding that facilitated this process. We argue for a multi-scalar approach that balances attention to national and extra-local dynamics shaping the combination of these forms, identified through the lens of the “fictitious commodities” of the soy boom: money (credit, currency and cross-border capital flows), land (in the agricultural heartland and frontier regions), labor (transformed and excluded in a “farming without farmers” model) and, we add, knowledge (biotech). Our analysis identifies internal tensions as well as overt resistance and “overflow” that ultimately led to the collapse of postneoliberal regulation of the soy complex, ushering in a wider, market-radical counter-movement. Refracting double-movement-type dynamics through the prism of heterodox institutional forms, we argue, allows for a better grasp of processes that underlie institutional recalibrations of progressive and regressive kinds.

Social transnationalism in an unsettled continent

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Favell ◽  
Ettore Recchi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Roll Back

Introducing the collection and the EUCROSS survey on which it is based, the chapter argues for a distinct focus on growing social transnationalism in Europe, despite the widespread gloom about the political fortune of the European Union. Everyday cross-border practices, both physical and virtual, continue to build a social space beyond nation states, despite political and legal roll-back. The chapter offers a survey of the recent sociological literature on social transnationalism in Europe, an overview of chapters, and a prognosis of social transnationalism in the future, beyond the present-day analysis of rising populism and resurgent nationalism.

The Oxford Guide to Treaties

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Nation States

From trade relations to greenhouse gases, from shipwrecks to cybercrime, treaties structure the rights and obligations of states, international organizations, and individuals. For centuries, treaties have regulated relations among nation states. Today, they are the dominant source of international law. Thus, being adept with treaties and international agreements is an indispensable skill for anyone engaged in international relations. This revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive guide to treaties, shedding light on the rules and practices surrounding the making, interpretation, and operation of these instruments. The chapters are designed to introduce the law of treaties and offer practical insights into how treaties actually work. Foundational issues are covered, including what treaties are and when they should be used, alongside detailed analyses of treaty formation, application, interpretation, and exit. Special issues associated with treaties involving the European Union and other international organizations are also addressed. These are complimented by a set of model treaty clauses. Real examples illustrate the approaches that treaty-makers can take on topics such as entry into force, languages, reservations, and amendments. The book thus provides an authoritative reference point for anyone studying or involved in the creation or interpretation of treaties or other forms of international agreement.

Concrete Jungle: The Planetary Urbanization of the Ecuadorian Amazon

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Japhy Wilson ◽  
Manuel Bayón
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Abstract Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Ideological Structure ◽  
Extended Scale

This paper explores the possibilities and limitations of a post-neoliberal political project under conditions of planetary urbanization. We conceptualize planetary urbanization in terms of a tendency towards the real subsumption of space to capital on a global scale, through which capital is empowered as an abstract form of domination. We then relate this tendency to the ideology of ‘systemic competitiveness’ that has dominated the post-neoliberal project in Latin America, arguing that it threatens to strengthen the power of capital-as-subject. This relationship is illustrated by the Initiative for the Regional Infra-structural Integration of South America (IIRSA), and its incorporation into the post-neoliberal experiment currently underway in Ecuador. We focus on a series of IIRSA-related projects in the Ecuadorian Amazon, through which the real subsumption of space is disaggregated into three intertwined dimensions: territory, nature, and everyday life. In each case, we show how the ideological structure of post-neoliberalism unwittingly promotes the real subsumption of space and the empowerment of capital. However, the uneven dynamics of planetary urbanization imply that these projects are only succeeding in reproducing existing conditions of formal subsumption on an extended scale. The paper thus develops a materialist understanding of planetary urbanization in order to explain the failure of a political project to achieve its unintended results.

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