Yugocentrism and the Study of the Non-Aligned Movement

There has been a renewed scholarly interest in recent years concerning the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). This text addresses some of the challenges posed by focusing on NAM through a lens of Yugocentrism that is reliant on socialist Yugoslav sources alone. To reinsert socialist Yugoslavia into a global historiography, one needs to perform a double movement: The first part concerns bringing Yugoslavia back into global social relations; the second part concerns decentring its positionality and ensuring that other sites of analysis and struggle, and the relations between them, are taken into consideration. Seeing NAM as a prefigurative, multi-nodal, networked community rather than a traditional international organization suggests that privileging one node at the expense of others will lead to a distorted and incomplete analysis. This paper addresses the complex relationship between the Bandung Afro-Asian conference of April 1955 and the Belgrade NAM summit of September 1961. NAM and the G-77 are also studied as overlapping groupings in terms of membership and objectives. The paper contributes to the development of a critical decolonial historiography of the Cold War period that addresses the need for multi-sited, para-sited, and meta-historiographies by going beyond Yugocentrism whilst still retaining a nuanced concern with global Yugoslavia across different conjunctures.

Dilematis Perencanaan Karir Mahasiswa Akhir Pendidikan Agama Islam

The purpose of this research is to deepen in real terms the main factors of the unmatangan of student career planning. So that it can be an evalution for the development of the Education process in islamic religious education courses oriented to career maturity. This research is a research method library (library research) and a method called double movement which according to Sutrisno (2006) the core of the research method using the principles of the Qur'an which is then applied in modern life. The source of this study is divided into two, namely primary and secondary. The primary source is the Text of alqur'an relating to the theme of research, while the source of the secondary is related to books, journals, websites, previous research and literature that has relevance to the theme of this research. The results showed that the need for the application of surah Al-haysr verse 18 which explains the need for man to always intropeksi himself for what has been done today for a better tomorrow.

The Role of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Countermovements Against Economic Liberalism

<p><b>In recent years, revisionist studies of the history of economic, social and cultural rights have deemed that the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a failed instrument. My thesis explores the extent to which that assessment is accurate and concludes that, although the ICESCR’s drafters did imbue the treaty with a strong purpose of resistance against the detrimental impacts of economic liberalism, the instrument’s ties to its historical roots might be too strong for it to serve an effective purpose in present and future efforts to push back against excessive marketisation. </b></p> <p>In order to fully understand both the ICESCR’s shortcomings and its unfulfilled potential, it is helpful to analyse the treaty’s content and purpose from the perspective of Karl Polanyi’s theory of the double movement. This theory, presented by Polanyi in his 1944 monograph The Great Transformation, established that the 19th century was defined by a struggle between those who advocated for economic liberalism and those who protected society from that economic model through a “countermovement” that promoted mechanisms of “social protection”. A current wave of neo-Polanyian scholarship has reinterpreted the double movement as a pendulum that has continued to swing between economic liberalism and social protection, explaining the rise of neoliberal practices in the second half of the 20th century and contemporary efforts to limit the influence of the market over society.</p> <p>From a neo-Polanyian viewpoint, the ICESCR was a product of the second countermovement – a series of actions taken by governments all around the world during the mid-20th century to mitigate the harmful effects of the market on people’s wellbeing. After conducting a detailed examination of the ICESCR’s travaux préparatoires, I determine that the members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights consciously shaped the treaty according to six principles that I identify as underlying the second countermovement. </p> <p>This thesis argues that such an intimate connection with those principles, which at first might seem benign, is the source of the ICESCR’s current limitations. Because the instrument is a product of the second countermovement, it is now out of place in an era where economic liberalism presents different challenges than it did in the mid-20th century. That dilemma is illustrated by the contrast between the tentative approach of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights – bound by the constraints of the ICESCR – and the confrontational tone of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, which has taken advantage of its wider mandate to endorse practices of an emerging third countermovement that directly address the specific challenges of this era. Therefore, while the ICESCR has been used by those bodies to resist neoliberal ambitions, the treaty might become less relevant the further we move away – both chronologically and socio-politically – from the second countermovement.</p>

The Role of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Countermovements Against Economic Liberalism

<p><b>In recent years, revisionist studies of the history of economic, social and cultural rights have deemed that the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a failed instrument. My thesis explores the extent to which that assessment is accurate and concludes that, although the ICESCR’s drafters did imbue the treaty with a strong purpose of resistance against the detrimental impacts of economic liberalism, the instrument’s ties to its historical roots might be too strong for it to serve an effective purpose in present and future efforts to push back against excessive marketisation. </b></p> <p>In order to fully understand both the ICESCR’s shortcomings and its unfulfilled potential, it is helpful to analyse the treaty’s content and purpose from the perspective of Karl Polanyi’s theory of the double movement. This theory, presented by Polanyi in his 1944 monograph The Great Transformation, established that the 19th century was defined by a struggle between those who advocated for economic liberalism and those who protected society from that economic model through a “countermovement” that promoted mechanisms of “social protection”. A current wave of neo-Polanyian scholarship has reinterpreted the double movement as a pendulum that has continued to swing between economic liberalism and social protection, explaining the rise of neoliberal practices in the second half of the 20th century and contemporary efforts to limit the influence of the market over society.</p> <p>From a neo-Polanyian viewpoint, the ICESCR was a product of the second countermovement – a series of actions taken by governments all around the world during the mid-20th century to mitigate the harmful effects of the market on people’s wellbeing. After conducting a detailed examination of the ICESCR’s travaux préparatoires, I determine that the members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights consciously shaped the treaty according to six principles that I identify as underlying the second countermovement. </p> <p>This thesis argues that such an intimate connection with those principles, which at first might seem benign, is the source of the ICESCR’s current limitations. Because the instrument is a product of the second countermovement, it is now out of place in an era where economic liberalism presents different challenges than it did in the mid-20th century. That dilemma is illustrated by the contrast between the tentative approach of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights – bound by the constraints of the ICESCR – and the confrontational tone of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, which has taken advantage of its wider mandate to endorse practices of an emerging third countermovement that directly address the specific challenges of this era. Therefore, while the ICESCR has been used by those bodies to resist neoliberal ambitions, the treaty might become less relevant the further we move away – both chronologically and socio-politically – from the second countermovement.</p>

DOUBLE MOVEMENT: HERMENEUTIKA ALQURAN FAZLUR RAHMAN

This study aims to analyze two types of interpretation in the double movement theory presented by Fazlur Rahman in his hermeneutical interpretation. As well as its application to the verses of the Koran related to pluralism, inclusivism, and polygamy. By using a qualitative methodology with the type of library research on the interpretation analysis presented by Fazlur Rahman, conclusions and results were found that there was a difference between Fazlur Rahman's interpretation and the interpretation of his predecessors. Despite the disagreements above, Fazlur Rahman's idea about the importance of contextual interpretation which he formulated in what he called double movements was too valuable not to be appreciated. While the various shortcomings as raised by several commentators as described above, it is our duty to complete them.

SOLUSI PROBLEM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI DIRI MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI (ANALISIS TEORI DOUBLE MOVEMENT FAZLUR RAHMAN)

Adanya pandemi menjadikan permasalahan terhadap mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya, terlebih pada pembelajaran jarak jauh. Dengan praktek pembelajaran serba online menjadikan mahasiswa kurang mengaktualisasikan potensi yang dimilikinya dan terlena dalam keadaan pandemi. Maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memberikan solusi atas problematika mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan potensi diri di era pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni library research atau penelitian pustaka. Data yang didapat kemudian diintegrasikan dengan berbagai sumber terkait. Hasil penelitian ini bisa didapatkan bahwa dalam memaksimalkan aktualisasi potensi diri bisa menggunakan banyak metode pengembangan, salah satunya adalah metode double movement yaitu gerakan dari Dosen kepada mahasiswa dan gerakan dari mahasiswa ke dosen. Dalam proses pembelajaran berbasis online bukan hanya dosen yang harus aktif. Mahasiswa memiliki potensi yang beragam maka pada pembelajaran daring menjadi kesempatan mahasiswa mengaktualisasikan potensi sesuai fitrahnya. Proses pembelajaran tidak hanya sekedar mendengarkan dosen berceramah, tetapi mahasiwa juga secara mandiri aktif memahami, menganalisis, membaca, menulis karya ilmiah, mengadakan eksperimen, menanggapi dan ikut aktif dalam setiap diskusi.

The Electoral Crisis of Social Democracy: Postindustrial Dilemmas or Neoliberal Contamination?

The crisis of social democracy has been the subject of numerous articles and books from different fields such as party politics, political sociology, and political economy. This article contrasts two competing explanations prevalent in the related literature. According to the postindustrial dilemmas hypothesis, the crisis of social democracy is the inevitable result of the transition from industrial to postindustrial society and the electoral trade-offs social democrats are facing as a consequence. The neoliberal contamination hypothesis instead emphasizes social democracy’s neoliberal turn and the resulting loss of trust in social democracy, especially among working-class voters. It is argued that both hypotheses are not only based on diverging conceptions of partisan politics, pitting Downs against Gramsci, but also on different theories of capitalist development (modernization theory vs Polanyian “double movement”). As a result, each explanation captures important aspects of the current crisis of social democracy but also misses other aspects that are essential to fully understand this phenomenon.

Ayat-Ayat Perdamaian dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar Perspektif Teori Double Movement Fazlurrahman

Agama seringkali sebagai dalih atas munculnya konflik-konflik, namun apakah setiap konflik yang terjadi benar-benar atas dalih agama? Beberapa decade terakhir konflik atas dalih agama “pecah” di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Di samping itu, agama sarat akan nilai-nilai dan norma yang equal dengan term “damai”. Hamka merupakan seorang tokoh agamawan, budayawan, dan sastrawan yang sebagian besar tulisannya didedikasikan untuk memperbaiki aspek moril dalam diri umat manusia. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teori double movement untuk menganalisis maksud Hamka dalam menjelaskan QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:9-10. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan pendekatan library research. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah dari langkah pertama mengonstruksi ulang penafsiran Hamka dengan mengambil ideal moral yang terdapat QS.al-Hujurat :9-10 yakni Keadilan, tenggang rasa, saling tolong menolong, musyawarah interrelasi, dan spirit kemanusiaan. Dari nilai-nilai tersebut penulis mengembangkannya ke dalam dua bentuk, pertama, “gerak ke dalam” sebagai konsekuensi logis dari pertahanan diri dari ketidakdewasaan dalam mengambil sikap sehingga memicu perpecahan. Kedua, “gerak ke luar” merupakan imbas dari kedalaman ilmu pengetahuan dan spiritual sehingga dapat menjadi “obat jiwa” dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, terutama di era kemajuan teknologi ini.