Freedom, Slavery, and the Passions

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Susan James
Keyword(s):  
Political Liberty ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Metaphysical Position

In his Ethics, Spinoza uses a republican conception of political liberty as a model for a broader theory of philosophical freedom. According to the republican view, we only live freely when we are not subject to the arbitrary power of other agents. But if we consider our metaphysical position as individuals surrounded by things more powerful than ourselves, it seems that freedom is beyond our reach. We cannot but be subject to the arbitrary power of external things. Spinoza responds to this problem by arguing that, when we reason, we are not acted on by external things and are thus not subject to their arbitrary power. Extending the republican view beyond politics allows him to conclude that philosophizing liberates us.

The Signs of Servitude

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Viroli
Keyword(s):  
Political Liberty ◽  
Arbitrary Power

This chapter explores a number of unmistakable signs that servants can be recognized by. The first is fear. Those who live under the arbitrary power of another man never feels safe, even if they are not oppressed, because they know that the man who is dominating them can take their lives, or humiliate them, or deprive them of their property. They are downcast, they do not look other men in the eye, they are inclined to lie and dissimulate, and most important of all, they are incapable of courage. In contrast, the distinctive mark of political liberty is the sentiment of security and safety, understood as the absence of fear. Along with fear, another distinctive sign of dependency is servility, that is, the inclination to indulge a powerful man in order to obtain or maintain privileges. The flatterer, in order to perform his duties properly, must also insult, denigrate, and deride the enemies of the prince.

Sovereignty and Liberty in William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Lubert
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Political History ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Parliamentary Sovereignty ◽  
Arbitrary Rule ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Common

AbstractIn this reading of William Blackstone's Commentaries the jurist is neither a conservative promoter of arbitrary power nor a modern liberalizer of the common law. He is a proceduralist who emphasizes due process of law as the way to reconcile political liberty with parliamentary sovereignty. Blackstone's jurisprudence reflects a particular reading of political history, one that sees Parliament at the forefront of the protection of English liberties. While the legislature is capable of tyranny, it is in the king and the courts that historically he finds the greatest examples of arbitrary rule. And it has been the exercise of parliamentary sovereignty that has reinstated and guarded due process—in particular, habeas corpus—thereby preserving and facilitating public liberty.

Liberty of Mind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mary Astell ◽  
The Mind

This chapter demonstrates how early modern male and female thinkers alike were concerned not only with ethical, religious, and political liberty, but also with the liberty to philosophize, or libertas philosophandi. It is argued that while men’s interests in this latter kind of liberty tended to lie with the liberty to philosophize differently from their predecessors, women were more concerned with the liberty to philosophize at all. For them, the idea that women should be free to think was foundational. This chapter shows how some women thinkers of the period, such as Damaris Cudworth Masham (1658–1708) and Mary Astell (1666–1731), followed through on the general trend of thinking about liberty in terms of freedom of the mind, to thinking about liberty for women in wider ethical and political terms. To support this point, the chapter explores their views on education, female rationality, and moral philosophy.

scholarly journals Balanced-to-Balanced Gysel Filtering Power Divider With Arbitrary Power Division

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 36454-36463
Author(s):  
Ming Luo ◽  
Xiao-Hong Tang ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
Yong-Hong Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Divider ◽  
Arbitrary Power

scholarly journals A balanced-to-balanced directional coupler based on branch-slotline coupled structure

Frequenz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Yaxin Liu ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Xiaowei Shi ◽  
Cao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Transition Structures ◽  
Coupled Structures ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn this paper, a balanced-to-balanced (BTB) branch-slotline directional coupler (DC) is firstly presented, which can realize an arbitrary power division ratios (PDRs). The coupler is composed by microstrip-to-slotline (MS) transition structures and branch-slotline coupled structures. The single-ended to balanced-ended conversion is simplified and easy to implemented by the MS transition structures, which intrinsically leads to the differential-mode (DM) transmission and common-mode (CM) suppression. Moreover, the different PDRs which are controlled by the widths of branch-slotlines can be achieved. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed design method, two prototype circuits of the proposed coupler with different PDRs are fabricated and measured. The return loss and the isolation of two designs are all better than 10 dB. Moreover, the CM suppressions are greater than 35 dB. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is observed.

scholarly journals Abundance of Primordial Black Holes in Peak Theory for an Arbitrary Power Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Moon Yoo ◽  
Tomohiro Harada ◽  
Shin’ichi Hirano ◽  
Kazunori Kohri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Window Function ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Primordial Black Holes ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Curvature Perturbation ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Nonlinear Relation

Abstract We modify the procedure to estimate PBH abundance proposed in Ref. [1] so that it can be applied to a broad power spectrum such as the scale-invariant flat power spectrum. In the new procedure, we focus on peaks of the Laplacian of the curvature perturbation △ ζ and use the values of △ ζ and △ △ ζ at each peak to specify the profile of ζ as a function of the radial coordinate while the values of ζ and △ ζ are used in Ref. [1]. The new procedure decouples the larger-scale environmental effect from the estimate of PBH abundance. Because the redundant variance due to the environmental effect is eliminated, we obtain a narrower shape of the mass spectrum compared to the previous procedure in Ref. [1]. Furthermore, the new procedure allows us to estimate PBH abundance for the scale-invariant flat power spectrum by introducing a window function. Although the final result depends on the choice of the window function, we show that the k-space tophat window minimizes the extra reduction of the mass spectrum due to the window function. That is, the k-space tophat window has the minimum required property in the theoretical PBH estimation. Our procedure makes it possible to calculate the PBH mass spectrum for an arbitrary power spectrum by using a plausible PBH formation criterion with the nonlinear relation taken into account.

Multisection Combined Gysel-Wilkinson Power Divider With Arbitrary Power Division Ratios

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Reza Nemati ◽  
Shokrollah Karimian ◽  
Hamed Shahi ◽  
Nasser Masoumi ◽  
Safieddin Safavi-Naeini
Keyword(s):  
Power Divider ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Wilkinson Power Divider
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