In ‘Milton’s Prison’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Péti
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
English Literature ◽  
First Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
General Preference

This chapter demonstrates the profound and continuous influence that Milton’s works have exerted on Hungarian literature and culture since the first part of the eighteenth century. This chapter surveys the texts and paratexts of Hungarian translations of Paradise Lost and details some of the most successful renderings through the twenty-first century. These translations have significantly shaped Hungarian audiences’ responses to English literature as a whole and engaged them in more general critical debates about the sublime, the role of translation in the development of national literature, and prosody. The chapter concludes noting the curious Hungarian career of Milton’s other works: the dearth of modern translations of Paradise Regained, the two versions of Samson Agonistes from the communist era, a general preference for the shorter poems in recent years, and the several modern attempts to translate Milton’s prose tracts.

Jungmann’s Translation of Paradise Lost in the Vanguard of Modern Czech Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Tobrmanová
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Culture And Language

This chapter centres on the 1811 experimental Czech translation of Paradise Lost, Ztracený ráj, by the Czech polyglot Jungmann, because it vitally affected the rise of modern Czech language and literature. Jungmann belonged to the second generation of the Czech national revivalists who strove to revive the Czech culture and language oppressed by Austrian rule and dominated by German. The chapter considers Jungmann’s reasons for choosing to translate Milton’s epic, concluding they were patriotic and linguistic. Relying on eighteenth-century German and Polish translations, Jungmann embarked on creating modern Czech literary language, reviving or inventing many now common words. His treatment of Milton’s grand style, including prosody, helped to shape nineteenth-century Czech poetry. Later renderings of Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and a recent translation of Samson Agonistes are discussed, to reveal that Jungmann’s achievement remains unsurpassed.

‘Levelling the Sublime’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
English Prose ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Status

The eighteenth century saw the curious tradition of translating Milton’s Paradise Lost into normative English prose and verse. The status of these translations as literary curiosities belies their serious ambition: to secure a universal readership of this English classic, an ambition also articulated in contemporary works of criticism and commentaries. Rather than treating this cluster of works as adaptations, this chapter conceives of them as intralingual translations, thus positioning them in the terms with which their authors describe them and within the earlier tradition of translation-as-commentary. Milton’s English translators aim at making his epic accessible to women, ‘foreigners’, ‘young people’, and ‘those of a capacity and knowledge below the first class of learning’, even if that accessibility requires some rewriting. Borrowing methods from the teaching of Latin, these authors established a practice that persists to this day in student-friendly translations of English poetry.

The Chronology of Milton's Major Poems

PMLA ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 76 (4-Part1) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Shawcross
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained ◽  
Important Study

The conclusion of Ants Oras as to the chronology of Milton's major poems, based on his important study of the blank vejse, is, I believe, in serious error. Examining strong pauses, both terminal and medial, the distribution of medial pauses over the pentameter line, run-on lines, feminine and masculine pauses, the distribution of polysyllables over the verse line, feminine endings, rhythmical expressions creating shifted stresses, syllabized “-ed” endings, and pyrrhic verse endings, Oras concludes that the traditional chronology for Paradise Lost (from Book I through Book XII), Paradise Regained (from Book I through Book IV), and Samson Agonistes is correct. As a prosodical study, the statistical data presented lead us to a greater understanding of the aforementioned verse techniques as used by Milton than we have heretofore known. Professor Oras' inferences of dated practice are, however, another matter.

Choosing a captain back for Egypt: Milton and the Restoration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Chernaik
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained ◽  
The One

Milton as a republican viewed the restoration of kingship in 1660 with dread. Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, like the last two books of Paradise Lost, have a specific Restoration historical context, at a time of persecution of former commonwealthsmen and religious Dissenters. In Samson Agonistes, Milton’s protagonist struggles against despair, the feeling that he has been abandoned by God, while recognizing his own responsibility for the humiliating slavery into which he has been plunged. Samson Agonistes and Paradise Regained, published in a single volume in 1671, in their different ways both concern themselves with the problems and temptations facing those who seek to serve God in a hostile, unjust society. The two works explore alternative paths for ‘the spirits of just men long opprest’: in the one case, patience, suffering, bearing ‘tribulations, injuries, insults’ courageously, not expecting redress, and in the other, violent resistance, the slaughter of one’s enemies, in an ending of Milton’s tragedy which has often puzzled and disturbed readers.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Cultural Alienation and Trauma in Neel Mukherjee’s A Life Apart

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M. Maria Juliet Rani ◽  
Dr. A. Alis Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The significant role of Trauma theory in literature lights the psyche of an individual precisely. The twenty first century paves the gateway to contemplate the struggles and the conflicts of inner self. Sigmund Freud is the pioneer to set forth the psycho-analytical theory in distinctive aspects in the late twentieth century. He is the root for all other contemporary writers to follow suit. Neel Mukherjee is one of the foremost novelists in English literature, who depicts the protagonist’s distress in an alienated land. Memories play a vital role in which the protagonist connects the past memories with that of the present. The protagonist finds the way to escape from his bitter life by becoming a homosexual. This paper aims to project the traumatic condition of the protagonist in Neel Mukherjee’s A Life Apart. Past

John Milton: Paradise Lost (1935); Paradise Regained, Minor Poems and Samson Agonistes (1937)

1938 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
B. A. Wright ◽  
John Milton ◽  
Merritt Y. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
John Milton ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained

Mexican Miltons

Making Milton ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Angelica Duran
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century

This essay follows key traces of John Milton’s presence in Mexico and concludes with a discussion of their extensions into twentieth- and twenty-first-century Mexico, the hispanophone world, and related critical discussions. Milton’s works circulated in Mexican collections despite the fact that, starting in the eighteenth century, Milton was proscribed by two significant texts that circulated in the Americas: the Spanish Catholic Inquisition’s and Roman Catholic Inquisition’s infamous indexes of proscribed works and authors. English, Spanish, and French versions of Milton’s works appear at the first public library in the Americas, the Biblioteca Palafoxiana, confirming the multilingualism of and active participation in Western cultural trends by Mexican readers. After Mexican independence (1821), Mexico’s Francisco Granados Maldonado published his hispanophone translation of Paradise Lost (1858), even though three others by European Spaniards were available. Granados Maldonado’s translational choices reflect a linguistic and political engagement with, but independence from, Spanish and European cultural trends.

Milton and the Tragedy of Nations

PMLA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gregerson
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Paradise Regained

Milton's one venture into the genre of tragedy, Samson Agonistes, has prompted a notoriously divided reception among modern critics, not least because it revives the topos of exemplary violence, which the poet had conspicuously rejected in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. I propose we consider the underlying Samson plot not simply as the triumph or tragedy of a chosen nation and its representative hero but as the tragic collision between a universalizing faith and a nation's claims to exceptionality. Even after the devastating collapse of England's republican experiment, Milton never wavered in his commitment to the communal as well as the private manifestations of faith. The nation, or a nation equivalent, was an indispensable vehicle for continuing Reform, but the conceptual parameters of that nation, its relation to geographic place, and its rights in relation to other nations and to faiths other than its own posed a foundational dilemma for Milton's dramatic poem.

scholarly journals Stability or stasis in the names of organisms: the evolving codes of nomenclature

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1444) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Knapp ◽  
Gerardo Lamas ◽  
Eimear Nic Lughadha ◽  
Gianfranco Novarino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

Nomenclature, far from being a dry dusty subject, is today more relevant than ever before. Researchers into genomics are discovering again the need for systems of nomenclature—names are what we use to communicate about organisms, and by extension the rest of their biology. Here, we briefly outline the history of the published international codes of nomenclature, tracing them from the time of Linnaeus in the eighteenth century to the present day. We then outline some of what we feel are the major challenges that face the codes in the twenty–first century; focusing primarily on publication, priority, typification and the role of science in the naming of organisms. We conclude that the codes are essential for taxonomists in the pursuance of their science, and that the democratic nature of decision–making in the regulation of the rules of nomenclature, though sometimes perceived as a potential weakness, is in fact one of its great strengths.

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