scholarly journals Reformed Scholastic Philosophy in the Seventeenth-Century Scottish Universities

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gellera
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Edict Of Nantes ◽  
United Provinces

The Reformation influenced most aspects of Scottish culture, including philosophy. The Scottish regents produced an original synthesis of scholastic philosophy (especially Scotism) and Reformed views. The synthesis is centred on the relevance of the doctrine of the Fall in epistemology, a ‘Calvinist’ division of science (chiefly, of theology from philosophy), and a reductionist (meta)physics of the Eucharist developed against transubstantiation. Scottish Reformed philosophy was influential abroad via the intellectual network of the Scots working in the Protestant Academies in France, until the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), and in the universities in the United Provinces. The history of Scottish Reformed scholastic philosophy is about its place within the European Reformation, late scholasticism, and the arrival of the ‘new’ philosophies.

Das Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum und seine Nachwirkung

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Irene Dingel
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Abstract Hardly any corpus doctrinae had as intensive a reception and as wide a dissemination as the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum (1560). Situating it in the history of the concept of a corpus doctrinae and briefly sketching its origin and goal elucidate the function and significance of this collection of Melanchthon’s writings. An intensive investigation reveals however any connection of this work with the development of the Reformation in Siebenbürgen (ung. Erdély, rum. Transilvania) in the later 16th century. The records of the Siebenbürgen synods mention the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum occasionally, revealing the extent to which it served as a norm for public teaching. Unique and characteristic for Siebenbürgen is that the Formula of Concord (1577) did not replace this Corpus Doctrinae; it remained influential long into the seventeenth century. It was however interpreted within the horizon of a Wittenberg theology that was marked by the pre-confessional harmony and doctrinal agreement between Luther and Melanchthon while seeking to ignore Philippist interpretations and focusing on the common teachings of both reformers.

John De Witt; or, Twenty Years' Interregnum in the Stadtholdership of the Seventeenth Century

1859 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esquirou de Parieu
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Waves ◽  
United Provinces

The history of the United Provinces, and of Holland especially, from the close of the Spanish rule down to the establishment of the modern monarchy of the Netherlands, is distinguished for its manifestation of a permanent struggle between different opposite principles. Liberty and authority, municipal principle and state principle, republic and monarchy, the spirit of federal isolation and that of centralization, appear to give battle to each other upon a territory itself with difficulty defended from the waves of the ocean by the watchful industry of its inhabitants.

The Rise of Confessional Tension in Brandenburg's Relations with Sweden in the Late-seventeenth Century

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-592
Author(s):  
Daniel Riches
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Edict Of Nantes ◽  
South Of Europe

Thediplomatic and religious climate in Protestant Northern Europe during the era of Louis XIV was filled with competing and at times contradictory impulses, and the repercussions of Louis's expansionist and anti-Protestant policies on the relations between the Protestant states were varied and complex. Taken in conjunction with the ascension of Catholic James II in Britain in February 1685 and the succession of the Catholic House of Neuburg in the Palatinate following the death of the last Calvinist elector in May of that year, Louis's reintroduction of the mass ins the “reunited” territories and his increasing persecution of the Huguenots in France added to an acute sense among European Protestants that the survival of their religion was threatened. It is a well-established theme in the standard literature on seventeenth-century Europe that the culmination of Louis's attack on the Huguenots in his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in October 1685 galvanized the continents Protestant powers in a common sense of outrage and united them in a spirit of political cooperation against France. Indeed, such an astute contemporary observer as Leibniz was to write in the early 1690s that it appeared now “as if all of the north is opposed to the south of Europe; the great majority of the Germanic peoples are opposed to the Latins.” Even Bossuet had to declare that “your so-called Reformation … was never more powerful nor more united. All of the Protestants have joined forces. From the outside, the Reformation is very cohesive, more haughty and more menacing than ever.”

Philisophy in Italy

Philosophy ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Guido De Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Doctrine

In a posthumous book by F. Meli1 there are joined two interesting studies in the history of philosophy. The first discusses the religious and political doctrines of Fausto Socino and their developments in the thought of the seventeenth century, and the second the rationalistic mentality of Spinoza. The two themes are essentially related, for in the religious rationalism of Socino the author recognizes one of the currents of thought that were to meet later in Spinoza’s philosophy. The first essay has the merit of greater novelty, because Socinian studies have been neglected up to the present and only touched on indirectly, in their repercussions rather than in their origins. For Meli the historical importance of Fausto Socino lies in the fact that he draws from the religious experience of the Reformation a new conception of religion, clearly affirming the principle that Holy Scripture does not aim at conveying abstract knowledge, a scientific doctrine, but on the contrary, as Galileo confirmed, it aims at increasing in us justice, charity, and the moral sense.

Suburban Models, or Calvinism and Continuity in London’s Seventeenth-Century Church Architecture

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 69-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Guillery
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
National Context ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The history of church architecture in seventeenth-century London lacks threads of continuity. It is dominated by two great men, Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren, whose contributions could not and did not straddle the whole metropolis or the whole of the century. Besides, the devising of a new church was too significant an act to be left entirely to those capable of architectural design. There is a related misconception that churches were seldom built in London between the Reformation and the Great Fire of 1666. Yet even within the City of London, numerous parish churches were rebuilt during this period, while Jones substantially remodelled Old St Paul’s Cathedral. Beyond the City, much more was happening. London’s earliest seventeenth-century suburban churches were broadly Gothic in style and medieval in type, while those built at the end of the century were entirely classical auditories. The same could be said of church building in a national context, although not without hefty qualification. What is fascinating, important, and insufficiently studied, is the nature of this transition and its wider historical meanings.

Irenicism and Dogmatics in the Confessional Age: Pareus and Comenius in Heidelberg, 1614

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Hotson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of

The ecclesiastical history of early seventeenth-century Protestant Germany presents a generally gloomy picture. Lutherans and Calvinists, locked in increasingly uncompromising fratricidal controversy, divide the heartland of the Reformation against itself, thereby unwittingly preparing for the Habsburg reconquest of subsequent decades. In the light of this ensuing disaster, the heroes of the era are naturally identified as those few figures who attempted to combat the leading tendency of their age: the ecclesiastic irenicists, who appealed to the quarrelling theological groups to set aside their differences and join forces in defending the advances of the Reformation. In this they were destined to fail, but modern historians have nevertheless credited them with helping to break the ground later cultivated by the more successful proponents of reconciliation in the nineteenth century and the yet more broad-minded ecumenists of the twentieth.

Intellectual Change before the Enlightenment: Scotland, the Netherlands and the Reception of Cartesian Thought, 1650–1700

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair Raffe
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Provinces

This article argues that intellectual historians' fascination with a narrative of the emerging Scottish enlightenment has led to a neglect of ideas that did not shape enlightenment culture. As a contribution to a less teleological intellectual history of Scotland, the article examines the reception of the philosophy of René Descartes (1596–1650). Cartesian thought enjoyed a brief period of popularity from the 1670s to the 1690s but appeared outdated by the mid-eighteenth century. Debates about Cartesianism illustrate the ways in which late seventeenth-century Scottish intellectual life was conditioned by the rivalry between presbyterians and episcopalians, and by fears that new philosophy would undermine christianity. Moreover, the reception of Cartesian thought exemplifies intellectual connections between Scotland and the Netherlands. Not only did Descartes' philosophy win its first supporters in the United Provinces, but the Dutch Republic also provided the arguments employed by the main Scottish critics of Cartesianism. In this period the Netherlands was both a source of philosophical innovation and of conservative reaction to intellectual change.

Correspondence Fraternelle;The SPCK, The SPG, and the Churches of Switzerland in the War of the Spanish Succession

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
William Iii ◽  
Edict Of Nantes

Throughout the last quarter of the seventeenth century a spectre was haunting Europe, the spectre of Catholicism. The Savoyard invasion of the Vaudois, the accession of a catholic elector in the Palatinate, the ill-judged policies of James II in England, above all the revocation of the edict of Nantes in France, served to persuade protestants of the dangers besetting the reformation. The nine years war, therefore, could be looked on as a crusade, and William III as God’s instrument for the preservation of the Gospel,Ezechias Alterus, Europae totius tutelaris Pater, Hostium veritatis Flagellum. The peace which followed the treaty of Ryswick did not materially alter this view; refugees from France, Orange and Piedmont provided uncomfortable reminders that the Beast was not dead, but sleeping.

scholarly journals Ambiguous Memories of the Reformation: The Case of Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Tarald Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe Reformation came to Norway along with Danish annexation of political and ecclesiastical power. For this reason, Norwegian history writing seldom appreciated the history of the Norwegian Reformation, and preferred to look further back to the history of the Middle Ages in search of national, as well as religious, roots of Norwegian Christianity. This was already the case in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Norwegian historical writing. In nineteenth century historical research, the strategy was underpinned by focussing on the medieval period of Christianization: Norwegian Christianity was imported from the West, from England. Here, the Pope was not at all important. Instead, some key Reformation values were addressed in a kind of “proto-Reformation” in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The King was the ruler of the church; native, Old Norse language was used and promoted; and the people (strongly) identified themselves with their religion.

The Challenges of Empirical Understanding in Early Modern Theology

2014 ◽  
pp. 563-576
Author(s):  
Stephen Gaukroger
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
New Developments ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Modern Era

By contrast with its Patristic formulations, Christian theology in the early modern era is intimately caught up with empirical questions and questions of the sensory basis of knowledge. Some of these date back to the introduction of Aristotelianism into scholastic philosophy in the thirteenth century. But there were also a number of new developments in the seventeenth century, marked by a search for a mutually reinforcing combination of Christian theology and natural inquiry. There was one area in particular in which this approach was pursued, namely the history of the earth. In general terms, Christianity is very distinctive in its stress on doctrinal questions, and in the early modern era this doctrinal concern fits well with attempts to develop comprehensive theories about the natural realm.

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