Tests in the solar system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Deruelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Uzan
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Geodesic Equation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Shapiro Effect ◽  
Dimensionless Ratio ◽  
Celestial Bodies

This chapter describes observable relativistic effects in the solar system. In the solar system we can, as a first approximation, neglect the gravitational field of all the stars except the Sun. In Newtonian theory, the planet trajectories are then Keplerian ellipses. Relativistic effects are weak because the dimensionless ratio characterizing them is everywhere less than GM⊙/c² R⊙≃ 2 × 10–6, and so they can be added linearly to the Newtonian perturbations due to the other planets, the non-spherical shape of celestial bodies, and so on. The chapter first describes the gravitational field of the Sun using a Schwarzschild spacetime, before moving on to look at the geodesic equation. It also discusses the bending of light, the Shapiro effect, the perihelion, post-Keplerian geodesics, and spin in a gravitational field.

scholarly journals Synchronism of the Events on the Sun and the Earth - A Sign of External Influence on the Solar System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Endogenous Activity

To solve fundamental and applied problems, it is useful to detect signs of external influences on the Solar system from the synchronous responses of the Earth’s shells, using a systemic and interdisciplinary analysis of solar-terrestrial relations - taking into account, along with solar activity and GCR fluxes, the endogenous activity of the Earth due to gravitational effects on the Earth with the sides of the Moon, the Sun and other celestial bodies of the Solar system during its barycentric motion in the gravitational field of the Galaxy, as well as the effects of perturbations on the Solar system as a whole. At the same time, the mechanism, energy, cyclicity, synchronism, change in the shape of the Earth and gravity, polar asymmetry and jump-like manifestations of solar-terrestrial relations, instability of the Earth’s daily rotation become explainable. The Solar system is subject to external influences of gravity of the heavy planets of Jupiter and Saturn in the course of its barycentric motion in the gravitational field of the Galaxy, as well as the bringing in solar system of additional energy when exposed to a heterogeneous interstellar environment.

scholarly journals ISSUE ON MEASURING THE LIGHT SPEED IN VACUUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Vasil Сhaban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Shapiro Effect

Based on the proposed differential equations of the interaction of the electric signal with the gravitational field, the observed phenomena are known as the gravitational lens and the Shapiro effect are investigated. The deflection of a light ray in the field of the Sun is simulated. It is shown that a moving photon undergoes in the gravitational field not only a transverse action, which causes a curvature of the trajectory but also a longitudinal one, implementing the acceleration-braking processes. As a result, the instability of the speed of light in a vacuum was revealed.

XV. Account of the changes that have happened, during the last twenty-five years, in the relative situation of double-stars; with an investigation of the cause to which they are owing

1803 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 339-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Double Stars ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Planets And Satellites ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Elliptical Orbits ◽  
Asteroids And Comets

In the Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens, contained in my last Paper on this subject, I have divided the various objects which astronomy has hitherto brought to our view, into twelve classes. The first comprehends insulated stars. As the solar system presents us with all the particulars that may be known, respecting the arrangement of the various su­bordinate celestial bodies that are under the influence of stars which I have called insulated, such as planets and satellites, asteroids and comets, I shall here say but little on that subject. It will, however, not be amiss to remark, that the late addition of two new celestial bodies, has undoubtedly enlarged our know­ledge of the construction of the system of insulated stars. Whatever may be the nature of these two new bodies, we know that they move in regular elliptical orbits round the sun. It is not in the least material whether we call them asteroids, as I have proposed; or planetoids, as an eminent astronomer, in a letter to me, suggested; or whether we admit them at once into the class of our old seven large planets. In the latter case, however, we must recollect, that if we would speak with precision, they should be called very small, and exzodiacal; for, the great inclination of the orbit of one of them to the ecliptic, amounting to 35 degrees, is certainly remarkable. That of the other is also considerable; its latitude, the last time I saw it, being more than 15 degrees north. These circumstances, added to their smallness, show that there exists a greater variety of arrange­ment and size among the bodies which our sun holds in subor­dination, than we had formerly been acquainted with, and extend our knowledge of the construction of the solar, or insulated sidereal system. It will not be required that I should add any thing farther on the subject of this first article of my clas­sification; I may therefore immediately go to the second, which treats of binary sidereal systems, or real double stars.

scholarly journals ASTROD AND ASTROD I — OVERVIEW AND PROGRESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 921-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI-TOU NI
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Binary Stars ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Free System ◽  
Dynamic Distribution ◽  
Magnitude Improvement

In this paper, we present an overview of ASTROD (Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices) and ASTROD I mission concepts and studies. The missions employ deep-space laser ranging using drag-free spacecraft to map the gravitational field in the solar-system. The solar-system gravitational field is determined by three factors: the dynamic distribution of matter in the solar system; the dynamic distribution of matter outside the solar system (galactic, cosmological, etc.) and gravitational waves propagating through the solar system. Different relativistic theories of gravity make different predictions of the solar-system gravitational field. Hence, precise measurements of the solar-system gravitational field test these relativistic theories, in addition to gravitational wave observations, determination of the matter distribution in the solar-system and determination of the observable (testable) influence of our galaxy and cosmos. The tests and observations include: (i) a precise determination of the relativistic parameters β and γ with 3–5 orders of magnitude improvement over previous measurements; (ii) a 1–2 order of magnitude improvement in the measurement of G; (iii) a precise determination of any anomalous, constant acceleration Aadirected towards the Sun; (iv) a measurement of solar angular momentum via the Lense-Thirring effect; (v) the detection of solar g-mode oscillations via their changing gravity field, thus, providing a new eye to see inside the Sun; (vi) precise determination of the planetary orbit elements and masses; (vii) better determination of the orbits and masses of major asteroids; (viii) detection and observation of gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binary stars in the frequency range 50 μHz to 5 mHz; and (ix) exploring background gravitational waves. The baseline scheme of ASTROD is to have two spacecraft in separate solar orbits and one spacecraft near the Earth–Sun L1/L2 point carrying a payload of a proof mass, two telescopes, two 1–2 W lasers with spares, a clock and a drag-free system ranging coherently among one another using lasers. ASTROD I is a first step towards ASTROD. Its scheme is to have one spacecraft in a Venus-gravity-assisted solar orbit, ranging optically with ground stations with less ambitious, but still significant scientific goals.

Theory of The Three Fields of Space

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5765-5795
Author(s):  
Eduardo S. Guimaraes
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Perihelion Precession ◽  
Thermonuclear Explosion ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Spatial Fields ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Micro Gravity

This article is a logical and rational analysis of the physical phenomena produced by the three fields that are generated in space: gravity field; field of terrestrial nuclear magnetism; and orbital field. Eduardo Guimarães, through the studies of the three nuclear masses of the Sun's nucleus, the three nuclear masses of the moon's nucleus, and the three nuclear masses of the Earth's nucleus. We discover the three spatial fields that are generated in the solar system and in the planets. Then, from the general theory of the three fields of space, we can understand all the mechanics that generate the dynamics and kinematics of celestial bodies. So now we can understand why the smaller celestial bodies orbit the orbital field of the largest celestial bodies. So now we can understand why the planets produce orbits of elliptical motions, around the orbital field of the Sun. Then we understand the orbital mechanics of the little planet Mercury, and its abnormal orbit around the orbiting field of the Sun. Then Mercury has a perihelion precession of 2 degrees per century, due to an approximation of the perihelion of Mercury which is attracted by the micro-gravity of the Sun, generating an orbital deviation of 2 degrees per century. In the future the planet Mercury will lose energy from its nucleus and will not be able to make the orbital curve of the perihelion because it will have been attracted by the gravitational field of the Sun's nucleus. The fall of Mercury on the Sun will generate two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA. The first thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of the gravity mass attraction of Mercury debris with the Sun's nucleus. The second thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of attraction of the mass of orbital attraction of Mercury debris with the nucleus of the Sun. These two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA will generate two immense thermonuclear shockwaves that will devastate the entire fragile geo-biome of the solar system.  

scholarly journals The RAMOD astrometric observable and the relativistic astrometric catalogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S248) ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Crosta ◽  
B. Bucciarelli ◽  
F. de Felice ◽  
M. G. Lattanzi ◽  
A. Vecchiato
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Relativistic Effects

AbstractWe describe a way to compare current relativistic astrometric models accurate to the micro-arcsecond level. The observed stellar direction can be written as a function of several parts, linking the astrometric observables to the relativistic effects associated to the stellar kinematical properties and distances as seen inside the gravitational field of our Solar System, i.e. the so called relativistic astrometric parameters, providing a tool for comparing the RAMOD framework to the pM/pN approaches.

scholarly journals Migration of Celestial Bodies in the Solar System

2004 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Ipatov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Circular Orbits ◽  
Celestial Bodies

Migration of planetesimals and embryos of forming planets was investigated on the basis of computer runs of the evolution of disks of gravitating bodies orbiting the Sun. Our results obtained earlier with the use of the spheres' method are close to the results obtained recently by other authors by numerical integration. Due to the interaction with migrating planetesimals, the embryos of Uranus and Neptune, which acquired most of their masses near the orbit of Saturn, could migrate to the present distances from the Sun moving all time in nearly circular orbits. Each of the terrestrial planets incorporated planetesimals from all feeding zones of these planets.

scholarly journals Squeezing of the Super-Elastic Double-Helix Photon in the Gravitational Field (Hidden in Very-Well Known Old Formulae). Pound - Rebka - Snider Effect Studied by the Advanced LIGO Instrument, Pioneer Anomaly and CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) (23.11.201

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jiri Stavek
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Squeeze Rate ◽  
Squeeze Effect

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. Based on the great experimental work of Robert Pound, Glen A. Rebka and J.L. Snider we have proposed a squeezing of the super-elastic double-helix photon in the gravitational field. We have newly defined the squeeze rate of that photon particle on the helical path. We have inserted this squeeze rate into the very-well old formulae of Newton, Soldner, Gerber and Einstein and might glimpse traces of the quantum gravity. The squeeze rate of photons can be studied in details using the Great instrument - the Advanced LIGO - located on the surface of the Earth (USA, Italy, Japan). The observed strains on the level 5*10-19 should be caused by the gravitational field of our Earth. The observed strains on the level 5*10-22 should be caused by the gravitational fields of the Moon and the Sun. We estimate that the experimental value of the gravitational constant G studied by the LIGO instrument can achieve the accuracy to the level of ppb (parts per billion) after the removal of those strains from the measured signal and the removal of the gravitational influences of the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, Venus and Jupiter. To study the squeeze effect on a bigger scale we propose to analyze the Pioneer anomaly where Pioneer´s photons have been flying around the planets in our Solar system causing the squeeze effect - the anomalous blueshift. Similarly, we can study cosmic microwave photons flying around the objects in our Solar system that might create “the axis of evil” - temperature fluctuations in the CMB map (Wien displacement law). Can we prepare in our Solar system “tired” light by frequent blueshift - redshift transitions? Can it be that Nature cleverly inserted the squeeze rate into our very-well known Old Formulae? We want to pass this concept into the hands of Readers of this Journal better educated in the Mathematics and Physics.

scholarly journals New High-Precision Values of the Geodetic Rotation of the Mars Satellites System, Major Planets, Pluto, the Moon and the Sun

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
V.V. Pashkevich ◽  
A.N. Vershkov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Euler Angles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Geodetic Precession ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mars Satellites

Abstract In this study the relativistic effects (the geodetic precession and the geodetic nutation, which consist of the effect of the geodetic rotation) in the rotation of Mars satellites system for the first time were computed and the improved geodetic rotation of the Solar system bodies were investigated. The most essential terms of the geodetic rotation were computed by the algorithm of Pashkevich (2016), which is applicable to the study of any bodies of the Solar system that have long-time ephemeris. As a result, in the perturbing terms of the physical librations and Euler angles for Mars satellites (Phobos and Deimos) as well as in the perturbing terms of the physical librations for the Moon and Euler angles for major planets, Pluto and the Sun the most significant systematic and periodic terms of the geodetic rotation were calculated. In this research the additional periodic terms of the geodetic rotation for major planets, Pluto and the Moon were calculated.

scholarly journals AN ARTIFICIAL EXPERIMENT AIMED TO SPECIFY THE GRAVITY LAW IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
A. P Yefremov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Impact Parameter ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Test Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Probe ◽  
Gravity Assist ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ballistic Trajectory

Ultra-sensitivity of a planet’s gravity assist (GA) to changes of the test-body impact parameter prompts a space experiment testing the nature of gravitational field in the Solar system. The Sun, Earth and Venus serve as the space lab with a primitive space probe (ball) as a test body moving on a ballistic trajectory from the Earth to Venus (rendering GA) and backwards to the Earth’s orbit. We show that in Newton and Einstein gravity, the probe’s final positions (reached at the same time) may differ greatly; an Earth’s observer can measure the gap.

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