Powerbrokers and Patronage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Said ◽  
Khwima Singini
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Weak Growth

This chapter investigates the patterns of growth in Malawi from 1954 to 2013. Using the deals and development framework, it highlights four growth regimes during this period. First, a period of growth stagnation under colonial rule. Second, a period of growth acceleration post-independence as a clientelist structure emerged in key sectors of the economy under president Banda. Third, from 1978 onwards the lack of sustainability of these structures led to a period of growth decline. In 1994 Malawi transitioned to multiparty elections, however the country failed to modernize and the systems of patronage were further entrenched. Fourth, from 2003 the country has seen weak growth acceleration. However, the country has failed to transform how the economy is organized, meaning that many of the structures remain in place. An overreliance on powerbrokers and rentiers within the economy has meant that the structural changes needed to improve living standards within the country remain elusive.

LIVING STANDARDS AND PROPORTIONS AFFECTING FOR STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
G. T. PULATOVA ◽  
◽  
T. A. KADYROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Fund Industry ◽  
Time Changes

This article considers the direct connection of the state of living of the population with the structures of the economy. In this regard, it is noted that the territorial aspects of the structure of the economy are also factors in shaping the structure of people 's needs, despite the fact that the latter are poorly structured. The study showed that the extent of structural changes in the economy, apart from the needs of the population, is affected by such critical proportions as the ratio of production to consumption, the savings fund to consumption fund, industry and agriculture, growth of production and transport development, growth of cash incomes of the population and their commodity coverage. In total production theoretical analysis has also shown that structural changes in the economy depend on the level of change in the share of each sector of the economy At the same time, changes also affect economic growth and human well-being in different ways.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Key Sectors in the Philippine Economy Using an AHP-Based Sector Prioritization Index

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Daryn Joy Go ◽  
Michael Angelo Promentilla ◽  
Kathleen Aviso ◽  
Krista Danielle Yu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Sectors

Economic sectors play a vital role in ensuring that government’s goals are achieved. This study analyzes the evolution of the structure and key sectors of an economy through the use of a sector prioritization index. This methodology integrates input-output analysis and analytic hierarchy process to determine the structural changes experienced by the economy, while accounting for the changes in the government’s priorities and concerns over time. Using the case of the Philippines from 1969 to 2012, this study shows a time-series analysis of the transformation that the economy underwent alongside with the government’s prioritization mechanism. We found that the manufacturing sector had consistently received high-priority rankings, while the agriculture sector had recently moved from a high- to mid-priority ranking, indicating the country’s shift towards a more industry-driven economy. These findings were supported by the private services and trade sectors’ high-priority rankings towards the latter half of the time period. Overall, our methodology was able to identify key sectors that reflect the country’s economic and political situation across different eras.

scholarly journals Assessing the dynamic tourism inter-industry linkages and economic structural changes in Cambodia’s economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantha Hor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Product Matrix ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages ◽  
Large Coefficient

AbstractThis study employs the SAM-based model combining with multiplier product matrix and field of influence approaches. Under three input–output transaction table matrices of the years 2005, 2010, and 2015, these approaches assess the dynamic tourism inter-industry linkages and structural economic changes in Cambodia. We find that the overall inter-industry connection is relatively low. The textile, other manufacturing, and transportation and communication are key sectors. They have the largest coefficient field of influence of changes in the economic system. Tourism has shifted to be a key sector in 2010 and 2015. However, its backward and forward linkages are still small. It is a relatively promising sector generating a large coefficient field of influence of changes, showing less strength of overall connection with other industries. This study may suggest that there would be a need for promoting, encouraging, and investing in key economic sectors. Policy intervention should focus on developing domestic tourism linkages and strengthening inter-industry ties to diversity tourism benefits the local economy.

The Legacy of the Financial Crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Andrew Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Asset Prices ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Post Hoc

The reputation of liberal democracy has fallen not only internationally but even within the UK and the US, which on current policies risk a decline in living standards and an even worse outcome should more to populist policies be implemented. Weak growth followed the financial crisis but was not caused by it. Holding otherwise is an example of the ‘post hoc fallacy’. Weak growth was caused solely by adverse changes in demography and poor productivity. Addressing both economists and the wider audience of those concerned with our economic and political future, this chapter shows that the adverse changes in demography and productivity have causes which predate the financial crisis by many years. The financial crisis was due to poor theory which led central banks to ignore the risks of high asset prices and excess debt. Poor theory today inhibits policy makers from recognizing that bonus culture policy has stifled growth.

scholarly journals The Creativity Turn in European Cultural Policies. Structural Changes in the Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Miki Branişte
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the conditions that enable a double political-economic instrumentation of culture through European Union programmes, and their consequences for the cultural sector. The first European programmes focused on the symbolic value of culture which was perceived as an essential element for strengthening the European identity, and thus as a crucial tool in the project of building the European identity, which is part of a political integration programme. In the context of the development of the creative economy, which overlapped the 2008 economic crisis and a growing influence of the market ideology, a few years later, the European Union launched the Creative Europe programme, thus setting up a new development framework for the cultural sector. For culture, the economic and political arguments in the Creative Europe programme outline a future inherently connected to its contribution to these fields, leaving behind the symbolic and social value of culture characterised by non-lucrative purposes. The programme lays out a direction in which culture is monetized as competitive advantage and bets on the contribution of the cultural and creative industries to become a competitor on the global creative economy. The new framework offered by Creative Europe transforms the approach to culture, placing it in a landscape of global competition, in the company of creative industries, favouring the integration of culture by the latter, not the other way around, thus entailing structural changes in the cultural sector.

scholarly journals “Antibureaucratism” as a Yugoslav Phenomenon: The View from Northwest Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-580
Author(s):  
Rory Archer
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Party State

AbstractMost studies of the antibureaucratic revolution have focused on political elites and activists in Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Recent scholarship has focused on individual participants, often workers, and takes their agency seriously. Building upon such research, this article explores the antibureaucratic revolution as a particular manifestation of a larger sociocultural process, constitutive of long-term structural changes across the whole of Yugoslavia. An analysis of workplace documents and local newspapers in northwest Croatia demonstrates that antibureaucratic sentiment was not the prerogative of Serbian and Montenegrins but of Yugoslav citizens more generally. Yugoslavs were conditioned by the party-state to be critical of bureaucracy. Workers began to admonish the expansion of administrative positions, which they blamed for their falling living standards. Despite decentralizing and autarkic tendencies in political and economic life in late socialist Yugoslavia, working class discontents (and representations of it) remained remarkably similar across republican boundaries. In Rijeka and its environs, a shift does not occur until in mid-1988. Condemnations of nationalism become more urgent and a skepticism toward the mass protests occurring in Serbia is palpable from this point onward.

Europe, the War, and the Colonial World

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Causal Link ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
End Points ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Second World

The fact that we know the end points of formal colonial rule may lead us to forget that, for those involved, the process appeared less determined and more contingent. It is deceptively easy to trip over the supposed ‘milestone’ of the Second World War, ascribing undue influence to a failing capacity or will to rule among the colonial powers themselves. Such generalizations leave no room for agency among colonized peoples themselves and dismiss both rulers and ruled as essentially homogenous, almost preprogrammed to behave stereotypically as reactionaries or revolutionaries. Recognizing these interpretive problems, political analysts of European decolonization are now more divided over the extent to which the Second World War prefigured the end of European colonial rule. Much of the evidence for a strong causal link is powerful. By 1950 the geopolitical maps of eastern, southern, and western Asia were markedly less colonial. The justificatory language for empire was also different, evidence of the turn towards a technocratic administrative style that would soon become the norm in much of the global South. If basic political rights were frequently denied within dependent territories, a stronger accent on improved living standards gave imperial powers something with which to muffle the rising chorus of transnational criticism against colonial abuses. For all that, the concept of the Second World War as a watershed in the end of empires should not be accepted uncritically. This chapter explores the reasons why.

scholarly journals COMMERCE, MERCHANTS AND MARKETS IN THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY c. 1800-1900

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Nabanita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Trading Activities

Trade and commerce in the Brahmaputra valley of colonial Assam is understudied. This paper attempts to study the trade and commercial activities in the valley while keeping in mind the transition from pre-colonial to colonial rule. The late Ahom sources do not speak purposefully about trading activities in the valley. Early colonial sources term the region as backward and averse to trade. The valley came under colonial rule in 1826 with the Treaty of Yandabo. Were the first few decades of the nineteenth century in the Brahmaputra valley backward in matters of commerce? How different was the latter half of the nineteenth century? Analysis of Ahom chronicles, archival sources, and personal papers available in the National Archives of India has helped in finding structural changes in trade and commercial activities in the valley in the century under study. These findings help in understanding the nature of colonial economic policy and present economic structure of the region better.

What I Seek to Show

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Andrew Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

This chapter previews the argument set out in the book. A change in economic policy is essential to prevent a fall in living standards in the UK and the US. Weak growth was the result of changes in demography and productivity, caused by the fall in the birth rate in the 1960s and in investment after the 1980s. We cannot change demography so we must increase investment. Conventional growth theory needs to be revised. Current consensus Total Factor Productivity Models are untestable and thus unscientific. This chapter proposes a revised model which is testable and robust when tested. This shows growth does not just depend on technological advance as it can be boosted by policies that encourage more tangible investment. The distractions that have led to a lack of debate over this are examined and policy measures to revive investment and growth are proposed.

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