Prologue
Keyword(s):
Mohammed, a 30-year-old Pakistani farmer with a primary school education, paid $4,000 to get a construction job in Saudi Arabia that paid $400 a month. Mohammed did not have the $4,000 to buy a work visa and pay agent fees and transportation costs, so he mortgaged his land, hoping to repay the loan with some of the $9,600 he expected to earn in Saudi Arabia over two years. With uncertain Pakistani earnings of $100 a month and a wife and four children to support, working abroad seemed the fastest way to achieve upward mobility at home, even if half of the expected extra income from working abroad went to recruiters and other components of the migration infrastructure....
2016 ◽
Vol 6
(2)
◽
pp. 243-249
Keyword(s):
Keyword(s):
2020 ◽
Vol 5
(11)
◽
pp. 2132-2185
2018 ◽
Vol 39
(3)
◽
pp. 502-510
2021 ◽
Vol 1835
(1)
◽
pp. 012076
Keyword(s):
1999 ◽
Vol 50
(4)
◽
pp. 237-243
◽