Transmission into England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Intellectual Leader ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

This chapter illustrates the extent to which English readers were familiar with French works produced by the reforming writers of Port-Royal and by the controversy over Jansenism which gathered pace after the publication of Jansen’s Augustinus in 1640. It shows that readers from across the spectrum of religious and political opinion in England were aware from an early stage of the principal themes and the major works associated with the controversy, including the output not only of Antoine Arnauld, the intellectual leader of the Port-Royal group, and Pascal, its most celebrated apologist, but also of their spiritual master, the abbé de Saint-Cyran. In surveying these works the chapter also extends the background provided in chapter 1 across some of the wider themes which occupied the Port-Royalists.

‘Higher then to her no bookes doe reach’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Vandrei
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
James I ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Do So

This chapter and the following both draw the reader into seventeenth-century understandings of the past, and of Boudica in particular, and makes clear that in a time before disciplines, writers of ‘history’ were erudite commentators, immersed in political thought, the classical world, and contemporary ideas, as well as in drama, poetry, and the law. Chapter 1 shows the subtleties of Boudica’s place in history at this early stage by giving sustained attention to the work of Edmund Bolton (1574/5–c.1634), the first person to analyse the written and material evidence for Boudica’s deeds, and the last to do so in depth before the later nineteenth century. Bolton’s distaste for contemporary philosophy and his loyalty to James I were highly influential in determining the way the antiquary approached Boudica and her rebellion; but equally important was Bolton’s deep understanding of historical method and the strictures this placed on his interpretive latitude.

Pensée rationnelle et responsabilité morale: Le Traité de sagesse dans La Logique de Port-Royal

PMLA ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083
Author(s):  
Marie-Rose Carré
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Eternal Truth ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

La Logique de Port-Royal is regarded by historians of this science as a treatise that does not fit into any of their categories; indeed, the art of Logic as an independent exercise of the mind seemed unacceptable to its authors. Writing at the end of the Aristotelian era and under the influence of Cartesian theories, but having their own convictions about man's nature and obligations, Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole saw logical reasoning as justifiable only if it trains the mind to distinguish between Good and Bad. They believed in the existence of an immutable, eternal truth; man's reason is intended to make this Truth a perceivable reality. Logic, most importantly, therefore, trains our word-using and concept-making faculty to acknowledge that the needs of man's soul belong to a much higher order of values than the science of “things”: it should thus give reason the strength to be “true” to its own nature. (In French)

Port-Royal Mantığı’nda Tasımsal Geçerliliğin Saptanışı

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Arman Besler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Port Royal ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

Antoine Arnauld ile Pierre Nicole’ün Mantık veya Düşünme Sanatı – daha iyi bilinen takma adıyla Port-Royal Mantığı – kitabı, geleneksel terim mantığının gelişim tarihinde en az iki bakımdan önemli bir aşamayı temsil etmektedir. Birincisi, bu kitap, “eski” mantığı, René Descartes’ın bilgi ve varlık anlayışınca belirlenmiş olan modern felsefeye ayarlı hale getirmekte ve sonraki dönemlerin mantıkçıları için terim mantığının terminolojisini bir dereceye kadar yeniden tanımlamaktadır. (Terminolojiyle ilgili nokta, en belirgin olarak Immanuel Kant’ın mantık yazılarında takip edilebilmektedir.) İkincisi ve daha önemlisi, bu kitap, kategorik tasım kuramında geçerlilik denetimi/saptaması için kullanılan ve Aristoteles’e dayanan standart kanıtkuramsal yaklaşım yerine, Ortaçağlarda geliştirilmiş, daha çok semantik yönelimli olduğu söylenebilecek alternatif bir yaklaşımı ana öğreti olarak sunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda, geçerli tasım biçimleri, kategorik önermelerde geçen terimlerin semantik bir özelliği olan dağıtım fikrini merkeze alan az sayıda kural yoluyla tespit edilir. Bu yazının asıl amacı semantik yönelimli bu yaklaşımın özünü Port-Royal örneği üzerinden aydınlatmaktır. Öncelikle, Port-Royal mantıkçılarının ilgili kuralları geçerli tasımsal biçimleri saptamak için nasıl uyguladıkları, bağlantılı bazı kavramların ve sorunların ışığında, ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Sonra da Port-Royal mantıkçılarının (belki de Aristoteles’i izleyerek) altık tasım biçimlerini eleyişlerinin, semantik yönelimli yaklaşımın ruhuna uygun olmayan bir tutum oluşturduğu, dolayısıyla da Port-Royal Mantığı’nın bu yaklaşımın arı olmayan bir örneklemesi olarak görülmesi gerektiği savunulmaktadır.

Arnauld, Antoine (1612–94)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Nicolas Malebranche ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antoine Arnauld ◽  
Philosophical Writings

Antoine Arnauld, a leading theologian and Cartesian philosopher, was one of the most important and interesting figures of the seventeenth century. As the most prominent spokesperson and defender of the Jansenist community based at Port-Royal, almost all Arnauld’s efforts were devoted to theological matters. But early on, with his largely constructive objections to Descartes’ Meditations in 1641, he established a reputation as an analytically rigorous and insightful philosophical thinker. He went on to become perhaps Descartes’ most faithful and vociferous defender. He found Cartesian metaphysics, particularly mind-body dualism, to be of great value for the Christian religion. In a celebrated debate with Nicolas Malebranche, Arnauld advanced something like a direct realist account of perceptual acquaintance by arguing that the representative ideas that mediate human knowledge and perception are not immaterial objects distinct from the mind’s perceptions, but are just those perceptions themselves. His criticisms of Leibniz gave rise to another important debate. He also co-authored the so-called ‘Port-Royal Logic’, the most famous and successful logic of the early modern period. The underlying motives in all Arnauld’s philosophical writings were, however, theological, and his greatest concern was to safeguard God’s omnipotence and to defend what he took to be the proper Catholic view on questions of grace and divine providence

Arnauld, Antoine (1612–94)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Nicolas Malebranche ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antoine Arnauld ◽  
Philosophical Writings

Antoine Arnauld, a combative theologian and Cartesian philosopher, was one of the most important and interesting figures of the seventeenth century. As the most prominent spokesperson and defender of the Jansenist community based at Port-Royal, almost all Arnauld’s efforts were devoted to theological matters. But early on, with his largely constructive objections to Descartes’ Meditations in 1641, he established a reputation as an analytically rigorous and insightful philosophical thinker. He went on to become perhaps Descartes’ most faithful and vociferous defender. He found Cartesian metaphysics, particularly mind-body dualism, to be of great value for the Christian religion. In a celebrated debate with Nicolas Malebranche, Arnauld advanced something like a direct realist account of perceptual acquaintance by arguing that the representative ideas that mediate human knowledge and perception are not immaterial objects distinct from the mind’s perceptions, but are just those perceptions themselves. His criticisms of Leibniz gave rise to another important debate. He also co-authored the so-called ‘Port-Royal Logic’, the most famous and successful logic of the early modern period. The underlying motives in all Arnauld’s philosophical writings were, however, theological, and his greatest concern was to safeguard God’s omnipotence and to defend what he took to be the proper Catholic view on questions of grace and divine providence.

Uma Nova Heresia à Medida de um Novo Mundo

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Adelino Cardoso ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Port Royal ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

La controverse du péché philosophique (1686-1690) est un épisode remarquable du conflit entre les Jésuites et le cercle janséniste de Port-Royal, où Antoine Arnauld pontifiait. Le différend en question a été décidé dans les instances théologico-écclésiastiques convenables, mais il déborde largement le domaine de la théologie, en se répercutant sur le caractère de la rationalité européenne et sur le mode du rapprocheme nt entre l’Europe chrétienne et les cultures des peuples qu’on vient de découvrir. Le noyau de ce débat se place au niveau anthropologique, en ce qui concerne la dignité de la nature humaine et sa perfectibilité. Dans cette étude, on essaie de donner le cadre général dans lequel le débat se déploie, les enjeux qui s’y posent et le légat qui est transmis à l’avenir, notamment à l’iluminisme du XVIIIème siécle.

Antoine Arnauld

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Denis Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

Nicknamed “the Grand Arnauld” by his contemporaries, Antoine Arnauld was a central figure in the intellectual life of the seventeenth century. This chapter presents a synthetic overview of the various aspects of Antoine Arnauld’s relationship to Cartesianism: his first exchanges with Descartes (in the Fourth Objections and correspondence), the “Port-Royal Logic”, and the numerous texts that he composed in the last years of his life, especially in his discussions with Malebranche, Leibniz, and the partisans of the doctrine of the “vision in God”. The chapter attempts to specify to what extent there is a “philosophy of Antoine Arnauld” and to determine whether Arnauld should be considered a “Cartesian” thinker.

Port-Royal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Mental Operation ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Antoine Arnauld ◽  
Influential Theory

Port-Royal-des-Champes was an abbey in France, initially located near Versailles, but later moved to Paris. Its importance to the history of philosophy is due primarily to a group of Augustinian-Cartesian thinkers who developed an influential theory of mental and linguistic representation. This theory is found in the 1660 Port-Royal Grammaire générale et raisonnée (General and Rational Grammar) by Antoine Arnauld and Claude Lancelot, and the 1662 Port-Royal La logique ou l’art de penserLogic (Logic or the Art of Thinking) by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole. The aim of the Grammar is to identify the universal structures of thought underlying all languages, and thereby explain the similarities and differences among languages. The aim of the Logic is to understand the natural operations of the human mind in order that we might learn to employ our faculties better. A fundamental presupposition of both works is that words are signs used to indicate to others what is taking place in the speaker's mind. This leads the Port-Royalists to regard the structure of language as reflective of the structure of thought, and vice versa. The most important aspect of this structure is the manner in which ideas are put together into propositions and words are put together into sentences. According to the Port-Royalists, a proposition is constructed by a special mental operation, which they call judging. It is this operation that gives rise to truth and falsity. Affirmation, or taking two ideas to belong together, is one species of judging; denial, or taking two ideas not to belong together, is another. These acts of judging are signified by verbs, while nouns signify ideas. The Port-Royal theory had an enormous influence on Locke's approach to mind and language. It was also regarded by Chomsky as a predecessor to his own linguistic theories.

Port-Royal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Spiritual Leaders ◽  
Monastic Reform ◽  
Divine Grace ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antoine Arnauld

The reform of the abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs in 1608 coincided with the vast movement of monastic reform which characterized the Counter-Reformation. In 1624 a second abbey was created, Port-Royal-de-Paris and, after some rivalry among spiritual leaders of the day, this was directed by Jean Duvergier de Hauranne, abbot of Saint-Cyran and one of the leaders of the parti dévot hostile to Richelieu. In 1640 the abbot’s friend Jansenius published the Augustinus, a résumé of Augustine’s doctrine, of which five propositions on divine grace were condemned by the Vatican. Ecclesiastics in France were obliged to accept this condemnation, and the resistance of the nuns of Port-Royal brought about persecution, imprisonment and finally the destruction of the abbey in 1710. The intellectual history of the abbey extends far beyond theological quibblings, however. In 1626, Saint-Cyran defended Charron against the Jesuit Garasse and formed a firm alliance between the Pyrrhonism of Montaigne and the philosophy of Augustine. In the 1640s, Antoine Arnauld played an important role in the diffusion of Cartesianism, confirmed by the publication of the Logique de Port-Royal (1662). The 1670 publication of Pascal’s Pensées can be interpreted as a symptom of the rivalry between Descartes and Gassendi in contemporary apologetics and, in the following years, the polemics between Arnauld and Malebranche played an important role in the definition of Christian rationalism.

Antoine Arnauld und die Schule von Port Royal

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Johannes Haag ◽  
Markus Wild
Keyword(s):  
Port Royal ◽  
Antoine Arnauld
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