‘Judge a man by his character and his party by its record’, 1918–1939

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-87
Author(s):  
David Thackeray ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Electoral Campaign ◽  
Party Press

Manifestos became increasingly central to the electoral campaign and the parties’ efforts to develop a ‘national’ rather than purely sectional appeal after 1918. The party leader’s address-as-manifesto did persist, but it became a rarity. Labour was at the forefront of the development of programmatic politics, producing more substantive and heavyweight manifestos than their more slogan-based pre-1914 equivalents. While the other parties eventually followed Labour’s lead in providing more detailed manifestos outlining proposed legislation, distrust of programmatic politics still lingered. Some politicians, most notably Stanley Baldwin, criticized the apparent escalation of election promises. Although election addresses remained vital to the local campaign, in part as a result of the introduction of the free postal communication in 1918, their relative importance declined in relation to manifestos. Addresses became increasingly uniform documents, designed to complement manifestos, as a result of increasing use of material from party press services.

Exploration of Product Centric Factors in Telecom Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Ganeti ◽  
Rajat Agarwal ◽  
Murali Krishna Medudula ◽  
Mahim Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Telecom Service ◽  
Telecom Industry

Telecom industry is one of those industries which has changed dramatically during the past decade. With more and more players entering in this industry, competition is ever increasing. The war between these players is slowly shifting from the price to the augmentation. This paper aims at exploring such factors which influence a customers preference of one telecom service provider (TSP) over the other. It is a descriptive research where study has been conducted among the consumers of different telecom service providers (TSPs). By reviewing the existing literature in this domain, we explored different factors which affect the consumers decision to prefer one telecom service provider over the other. A consumer targeted questionnaire was designed where consumers were asked about the factors they consider (with their relative importance quantified using Likert scale), before buying a new network connection to know the relative importance of the various factors. Factor Analysis was performed to club various variables into distinct factors. Statistical techniques then helped in identifying the relative importance. From the Factor Loading matrix the following five factors were generated:- Overall service quality, Point of Purchase Differentiator, Promotion Measures, Tariff Plans and Size of the Network. Further study in the behavioural perceptions of consumer shows that the most important factor in influencing the customer buying behavior is Service Quality. The second most important factor is cost and various plans offered by the telecom service provider. Network connectivity was considered by almost all the respondents and consumers prefer the largest network player. The study also found that promotional measures dont influence the customers as expected.

scholarly journals Fertility and its relation to social conditions A study of the vital statistics of London in 1930–1932

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
The Military

The rapid decline of the birth-rate in nearly all countries of western Europe has naturally attracted much attention. Some have studied the probable effects upon the absolute size and the age constitution of the population, and the consequence entailed upon the military and economic strength of a nation. Others have drawn attention to resulting change's in the relative importance of diseases of young, adult and old ages. Changes in mere numbers depend wholly, and the other changes to a considerable extent, upon quantitative factors; they must occur even if the quality of those born differs in no way from that of those produced when fertility was at a higher level. But, if the quality of births changes with their quantity, then the consequences of decrease of numbers may be better or worse than mere numerical changes would involve.

scholarly journals Estructura de preferencias de los consumidores de vino y actitudes hacia los vinos con denominación de origen. El caso de Castilla-La Mancha

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernabéu ◽  
M. Olmeda ◽  
M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
The One

This paper covers a dual objective. On the one hand, the relative importance was determined of the wine attributes that influence the formation of consumer preferences in Castilla-La Mancha. On the other, consumer attitude was analysed towards wine with Castilla-La Mancha’s most important Designation of Origin (D.O.) certifications (D.O. La Mancha and D.O. Valdepeñas), compared with the best-known wine in the national ambit (D.O. Rioja). As a result of the first objective, the most relevant attributes are price, colour (red, white), certification and origin, in this order. The second objective shows that D.O. La Mancha and D.O. Valdepeñas are considered cheaper wines, of habitual consumption and a lower prestige image, while D.O. Rioja wines are seen as prestigious and expensive, so their consumption is considered appropriate for special occasions.

scholarly journals On the Mechanism of Protection against Infective Disease

1928 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
M. Greenwood ◽  
E. M. Newbold ◽  
W. W. C. Topley ◽  
J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In the course of a paper by the present writers (this Journal, xxv, 336–53) an attempt was made to assess the relative importance of selective mortality on the one hand and sub-lethal infection on the other in increasing herd resistance to subsequent exposure to infection. The subject was further considered by one of us (E.M.N.) in a later report (this Journal, xxvi, 19–27).

scholarly journals Inositol phosphate release and steroidogenesis in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. Comparison of the effects of endothelin, angiotensin II and vasopressin

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Woodcock ◽  
P J Little ◽  
J K Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Turnover ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Endothelin has steroidogenic activity in adrenal glomerulosa cells, as do two other vasoconstrictor peptides, angiotensin II and vasopressin. The steroidogenic activities of angiotensin II and vasopressin are probably mediated via the phosphatidylinositol-turnover pathway and associated changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Endothelin caused a steroidogenic response, which was small compared with that to angiotensin II and quantitatively similar to the vasopressin response. Cytosolic free Ca2+ responses were similarly higher to angiotensin II than to either of the other two peptides. However, total inositol phosphate responses to endothelin and angiotensin II were similar when these were measured over 20 min, and were quantitatively greater than the vasopressin response. A detailed study has been made of the phosphatidylinositol-turnover response to endothelin in comparison with responses to angiotensin II and vasopressin. Each of the three peptides produced a rapid and transient rise in Ins(1,4,5)P3 (max. 5-15 s), followed by a slow sustained rise. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was metabolized by both dephosphorylation and phosphorylation pathways, but the relative importance of the two metabolic pathways was different under stimulation by each of the three peptides. These findings show that adrenal glomerulosa cells can distinguish between the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover by three different effectors. These differences in the pathway may be associated with the observed different steroidogenic and Ca2+ responses to the three peptides.

Hybrids between Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini: characterization by cercarial emergence rhythms

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thèron
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Genetic Determinism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Emergence Rhythm ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

SummaryHybridization between Schistosoma mansoni, with a diurnal cercarial emergence rhythm and S. rodhaini, with a nocturnal cercarial shedding pattern leads to F1 and F2 generations, hybrid schistosomes whose chronobiological phenotype of cercariae is characterized by two unequal emergence peaks, one diurnal and the other nocturnal. The relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal peaks depends upon which S. mansoni strain (early or late) is used for the hybridization with S. rodhaini. The results are compared and discussed with those resulting from crosses between intraspecific sympatric and allopatric chronobiological variants (early and late) of S. mansoni. The genetic determinism of the cercarial emergence of schistosomes and the significant differences observed between cercarial shedding patterns of parental species and their hybrids allow the use of this behavioural marker in biological and genetical studies in schistosome populations.

The Relative Importance of the Different Relationship Platforms (Physical and Virtual) in the Consumer Experience of Luxury Brands

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Paola Peretti ◽  
Mohanbir Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
Luxury Brand ◽  
Luxury Branding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
The One

Managing luxury brands nowadays is complex (Wiedmann & Hennigs, 2012). On the one hand, luxury brands built their development through a strategic use of physical relationship platforms, making the customer experience inside points of sale an indispensable element for their growth. On the other hand, over the past 10 years, we have seen leading global luxury brands embrace virtual platforms in various ways to re-imagining consumer experiences. Blending these new elements can present challenges. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the relative importance of the different relationship platforms (physical and virtual) in the consumer experience of luxury brands and how has it changed. Results are able on the one hand to expand the theory of luxury branding and on the other hand to highlight some key implications for luxury brand managers.

The valuation of elephant sightings in protected areas.

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Andrea Saayman ◽  
Melville Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Big Five ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preferred Species

Abstract The research presented in this chapter determines the value that tourists on safari in protected areas in South Africa attach to elephant sightings and the relative importance of the elephant sighting compared with the other species in the Big Five. The study also determines whether tourists take the increased poaching of elephants - also in South Africa - into account when revealing their choice. Using information from five surveys conducted at different parks in South Africa from 2011 to 2013 and again in 2019, the elephant was found to be the fourth preferred species in the Big Five. The exception is Addo Elephant National Park, where the elephants are the second most preferred species. To determine the value that tourists attached to a sighting, contingent valuation was used. Although approximately a quarter to a third of respondents indicated positive amounts for a sighting across the years, the mean willingness to pay (WTP) reflects the scarcity of the species. The elephant is relatively abundant in all the parks and, in many instances, much easier to spot than the leopard or lion. It is therefore not surprising that the mean valuation of a sighting is much lower than that of the leopard and lion throughout all the years. Although tougher economic conditions in the country also influence WTP, it was found that tourists to South Africa's National Parks do not yet take the increased poaching of elephants into account when revealing their choice, nor in their valuation.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of information criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Dziak ◽  
Donna L Coffman ◽  
Stephanie T Lanza ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
Lars S Jermiin
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Information Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Information criteria (ICs) based on penalized likelihood, such as Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and sample-size-adjusted versions of them, are widely used for model selection in health and biological research. However, different criteria sometimes support different models, leading to discussions about which is the most trustworthy. Some researchers and fields of study habitually use one or the other, often without a clearly stated justification. They may not realize that the criteria may disagree. Others try to compare models using multiple criteria but encounter ambiguity when different criteria lead to substantively different answers, leading to questions about which criterion is best. In this paper we present an alternative perspective on these criteria that can help in interpreting their practical implications. Specifically, in some cases the comparison of two models using ICs can be viewed as equivalent to a likelihood ratio test, with the different criteria representing different alpha levels and BIC being a more conservative test than AIC. This perspective may lead to insights about how to interpret the ICs in more complex situations. For example, AIC or BIC could be preferable, depending on the relative importance one assigns to sensitivity versus specificity. Understanding the differences and similarities among the ICs can make it easier to compare their results and to use them to make informed decisions.

scholarly journals Interaction of selection and recombination in the fixation of negative-epistatic genes

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Michalakis ◽  
Montgomery Slatkin
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Static Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Negative Epistasis ◽  
Probability Of Fixation

SummaryWe investigated the interaction of recombination and selection on the process of fixation of two linked loci with epistatic interactions in fitness. We consider both the probability of fixation of newly arising mutants (the static model) and the time to fixation under continued mutation (the dynamic model). Our results show that the fixation of a new advantageous combination is facilitated by higher fitness of the advantageous genotype and by weaker selection against the intermediate deleterious genotypes. Fixation occurs more rapidly when the recombination rates are small, except when selection against intermediate genotypes is weak and selection in favour of the double mutant is very strong. In these cases fixation is more rapid when the recombinant rate is large. Mutations of strong effects, deleterious when alone but beneficial when coupled, are fixed more easily than mutations of intermediate effects, at least for large recombination rates. Among the possible pathways the process of fixation might follow, independent substitutions lead to the fixation of the double mutant only when selection is weak. The relative importance of the other pathways depends on the interaction between recombination and selection. The coupled-gamete pathway (i.e. when the population waits until the double mutant appears and then drives it to fixation) is more important as selection intensity increases and the recombination rate is reduced. For all recombination rates, asymmetries in fitness of the intermediate genotypes increase the rate at which fixations occur. Finally, throughout the fixation process, the population will be monomorphic at least at one of the two loci for most of the time, which implies that there would be little opportunity to detect the presence of negative epistasis even if it were important for occasional evolutionary transitions.

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