Food Purchase Behavior during The First Wave of COVID-19: The Case of Hungary

Coronavirus disease (SARSCoV-2) appeared in 2019 was confirmed as pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. Stay-at-home order had an impact on consumers’ food purchase habits, as people around the world were able to leave their homes solely in extremely severe or urgent cases. In our research, we delve into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food purchase habits. The research involved 3000 consumers during the first wave of coronavirus. The sample represents the Hungarian population by gender and age. To achieve the research goals, we applied multivariate statistical tools. The findings suggest that the pandemic could not change consumer attitude significantly, but the order of factors influencing purchases changed. Consumer motivation factors were organized into four well-distinguished factors: Healthy, domestic, and environmentally friendly choice; Usual taste and quality; Reasonable price; Shelf life. Due to the lack of outstanding data during segmentation, we developed four segments by hierarchical cluster analysis: Health- and environment-conscious women; Price sensitive young people; Taste-oriented men; Quality-oriented intellectuals. The results confirm that food manufacturers and traders need to be prepared for further restrictions in the future.

The effect of perceived scarcity on strengthening the attitude–behavior relation for sustainable luxury products

Purpose This study aims to examine whether, and how, perceived product scarcity strengthens the attitude–behavior relation in the case of sustainable luxury products. Design/methodology/approach Three online studies were conducted to examine the moderating role of perceived product scarcity on the attitude–willingness to pay (WTP) relationship in the case of sustainable luxury products. A preliminary study (n = 208) examined the existence of an attitude–WTP gap toward a sustainable luxury product (i.e. a bag). Study 1 (n = 171) investigated the moderating effect of perceived scarcity induced by a limited quantity message on the relationship between consumer attitude and the WTP for a sustainable luxury product (i.e. a pair of shoes). Study 2 (n = 558) replicated these findings using a different product category (i.e. a wallet) while controlling for demographic variables and examined the moderating role of consumer characteristics on the scarcity effect. Findings Consumers’ perceived scarcity for sustainable luxury products positively moderated the relationship between product attitudes and their WTP for the products. The moderating effect of perceived scarcity was significant for consumers regardless of their tendency toward socially responsible consumption and their preference for product innovativeness. Meanwhile, the scarcity effect was influenced by the consumers’ attitude toward the brand of sustainable products. Practical implications This research provides empirical evidence for marketers with clear managerial implications concerning how to immediately promote consumers’ acceptance of sustainable luxury products. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the role of scarcity strategy on strengthening the attitude–behavior relation for sustainable luxury products.

The Effectiveness of Facebook Advertisements of Subscription-based Video-On-Demand Streaming Services to Filipino Millennials

Subscription-based Video-on-Demand streaming services (SVODs) are popular hits nowadays on the online platform. The success of these SVODs is indeed dependent on consumer acceptance; however, the preference of the latter might vary. This study focused on targeting the millennials, as they are the biggest consumers of SVODs, by looking at Facebook advertisements, social pressure, consumer attitude, and purchase intention as the driving variables. This study included 196 respondents gathered through convenience sampling and was statistically processed through a linear regression to help determine the significance between variables contributing to a consumer’s purchase intention of SVODs. Results show that social pressure and attitude significantly affect millennials' purchase intentions for SVODs in Central Luzon. Thus, the researchers recommend that SVOD companies develop Facebook advertisement content that is vigilant of their consumers' preferences, such as eliciting an attitude and social pressure. This study also suggests different strategies to capture millennials in Central Luzon further.

A Study on the Mechanism of Social Robot Attitude Formation through Consumer Gaze Analysis: Focusing on the Robot Face

This study intends to utilize eye tracking for the appearance of a robot, which is one of the trends in social robot design research. We suggest a research model with the entire stage from the consumer gaze response to the perceived consumer beliefs and further their attitudes toward social robots. Specifically, the eye tracking indicators used in this study are Fixation, First Visit, Total Viewed Stay Time, and Number of Revisits. Also, Areas of Interest are selected to the face, eyes, lips, and full-body of a social robot. In the first relationship, we check which element of the social robot design the consumer’s gaze stays on, and how the gaze on each element affects consumer beliefs. The consumer beliefs are considered as the social robot’s emotional expression, humanness, and facial prominence. Second, we explore whether the formation of consumer attitudes is possible through two major channels. One is the path that the consumer beliefs formed through the gaze influence their attitude, and the other is the path that the consumer gaze response directly influences the attitude. This study made a theoretical contribution in that it finally analysed the path of consumer attitude formation from various angles by linking the gaze tracking reaction and consumer perception. In addition, it is expected to make practical contributions in the suggestion of specific design insights that can be used as a reference for designing social robots.

An Empirical Study of Consumer Attitude toward Adoption of Online Food Ordering App

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the adoption of online food ordering app and the degree of influence of each factor on consumer attitude with moderating effect of technical barriers. This research proposed a conceptual model aimed to test the attitude towards online food ordering app. Relationships among constructs were tested on the basis of 514 surveys collected in India and analyzed with the structural equation modeling approach of partial least squares path modeling. Findings established the positive relationship between effort expectancy (EF), performance expectancy (PE), perceived social norms (PSN), perceived complexity (PCL), perceived compatibility (PCT), perceived relative advantage (PRA), perceived risk (PR) and Attitude towards online food ordering app (ATT). In addition, TB plays a significant moderating role in the relation between PE, PCL, PCT, PR, and ATT. However, no significant moderation effect was found in the relation between EF, PSN, PRA, and ATT.

An Empirical Study of Consumer Attitude toward Adoption of Online Food Ordering App

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the adoption of online food ordering app and the degree of influence of each factor on consumer attitude with moderating effect of technical barriers. This research proposed a conceptual model aimed to test the attitude towards online food ordering app. Relationships among constructs were tested on the basis of 514 surveys collected in India and analyzed with the structural equation modeling approach of partial least squares path modeling. Findings established the positive relationship between effort expectancy (EF), performance expectancy (PE), perceived social norms (PSN), perceived complexity (PCL), perceived compatibility (PCT), perceived relative advantage (PRA), perceived risk (PR) and Attitude towards online food ordering app (ATT). In addition, TB plays a significant moderating role in the relation between PE, PCL, PCT, PR, and ATT. However, no significant moderation effect was found in the relation between EF, PSN, PRA, and ATT.

An Empirical Study of Consumer Attitude toward Adoption of Online Food Ordering App

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the adoption of online food ordering app and the degree of influence of each factor on consumer attitude with moderating effect of technical barriers. This research proposed a conceptual model aimed to test the attitude towards online food ordering app. Relationships among constructs were tested on the basis of 514 surveys collected in India and analyzed with the structural equation modeling approach of partial least squares path modeling. Findings established the positive relationship between effort expectancy (EF), performance expectancy (PE), perceived social norms (PSN), perceived complexity (PCL), perceived compatibility (PCT), perceived relative advantage (PRA), perceived risk (PR) and Attitude towards online food ordering app (ATT). In addition, TB plays a significant moderating role in the relation between PE, PCL, PCT, PR, and ATT. However, no significant moderation effect was found in the relation between EF, PSN, PRA, and ATT.

The Relationship of Consumer Attitude and Government Regulations Towards Online Gambling Behavior in The Philippines

The Philippine gambling industry, and particularly online gaming, has recently emerged as a major driver of the country’s economy. The rise of this controversial industry has become a cause of concern for many Filipino citizens. For the past two decades, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has been a major driver of the Philippine economy. However, a new sector of the economy has emerged that appears poised to take over traditional BPOs: online gambling. With the emergence of online gambling, any citizen can simply log into a website and they can play the usual casino games like poker, roulette, and slot machines or even sports betting. Online gambling is just like having a wallet in your pocket right now and just waiting for the money to come in, you just pull out your cellphone and you gamble already right away, that easy. Technically, engaging in online gambling is legal unless operated by a Philippine-licensed offshore company. Unlike other countries, the Philippines does not have strict mandates against gambling. The research aims to cover if consumer attitude and government regulations are significantly proportion with the effect of online gambling behavior. Adding to that, the researcher has added an intervening variable which is promotional ads if it has a direct impact adopting online gambling behavior. By using a quantitative analysis, the study recorded 100 respondents residing in the Philippines and studying their opinion towards this new addictive behavior relating to money. The materials and resources collected have concluded that consumer attitude and government regulations have significant impact towards this unlikely behavior, while promotional ads remain irrelevant.

From offline shopping to online shopping in Nigeria: evidence from African emerging economy

PurposeThe study builds on studies in online shopping. Existing studies in online shopping proved that it is an attraction to shoppers. In Nigeria's emerging economy the increasing Internet penetration does not equate with intention to use online shopping because it is not really used by users for online shopping. Consumers are considering it unattractive because of serious concerns that border on product quality of online shops and poor know-how on e-tech. The study sought to explore factors that could mitigate challenges to successful online shopping in Nigeria's emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachOnline survey method was used to sample 246 respondents. Measurement items were adapted from related literature. Confirmatory factor analysis and content validity were used to check the reliability and validity. A set of fit indices were used to check the goodness of fit. Data was analysed using structural equation model.FindingsResults indicate direct effects of consumer attitude, perceived usefulness and social influence on intention to use online shopping with consumer attitude shown to have a greater degree of importance towards intention to use online shopping. Thus, consumers' attitude of browsing online and going offline for purchases is dependent on attitude of like or dislike. Perceived ease of use, social influence and perceived usefulness had an indirect positive effect on consumer attitude to intention to use online shopping. Social influence is indicated to have a direct positive effect on perceived ease of use. Also perceived ease of use had a positive and direct effect on perceived usefulness.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is not large enough and the use of snowball sampling limits representativeness.Practical implicationsThe study indicated vital factors African emerging economies like Nigeria can use to improve consumer confidence towards intention to use online shopping and drive cashless policies. Several studies have missed the indirect effect of referents (social influence) on adoption of technology. The study proved that it can produce indirect effect as well as direct effect on intention to use online shopping.Originality/valueSeveral studies have missed the indirect effect of referents (social influence) on adoption of technology. The study proved that it can produce indirect effect as well as direct effect on online shopping.

Impact of consumer Attitude towards purchase intention of the counterfeit products: a multigroup analysis between the user and non-user

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which influence a consumer’s decision to buy counterfeit products. The factors are Attitude towards counterfeits by economic benefit, Attitude towards counterfeits by Hedonic benefits, Subjective norm and Perceived behaviour control and their impact on the purchase intention of the textile/clothing counterfeit product was analysed. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed. Data was analysed using IBM Statistics 3.0. and SMART PLS. Attitude towards counterfeits by economic benefit and Perceived behaviour control had strong relationships with purchase intention of counterfeit products. Attitude towards counterfeits by Hedonic benefits didn’t show any significant relationship with purchase intention. Subjective norm had strong positive relationship with purchase intention of counterfeits. This study is useful for Developing Countries, especially in Impact of theory of planned behaviour on the purchase intention of the counterfeits and is examined on the user and non-user of the counterfeit product.