From Psychology to Philosophy

Prejudice ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Endre Begby
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Epistemic Normativity ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Ideal Approach

Calls to develop a framework for ‘non-ideal epistemology’ have recently gained traction in philosophical discourse, but little detail has yet been offered as to what this might involve. This chapter aims to remedy this shortcoming, both as a broader theoretical development and with specific view toward the epistemology of prejudice. Specifically,this chapter develops the notion of non-ideal epistemology along two dimensions. Along one dimension, constraints arising from distinctive capacity limitations of the human mind (“endogenous non-ideality”) are considered. In another dimension, constraints arising from specific limitations on the information environments that epistemic agents are forced to operate within (“exogenous non-ideality”) are considered. Taking a non-ideal approach to epistemology does not, however, mean giving up on epistemic normativity altogether: to the contrary, this chapter argues that non-ideal epistemology provides the only way for such norms to provide a genuine critical grip on human cognition at all.

scholarly journals Assessing a Linear Nanosystem's Limiting Reliability from its Components

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
Fixed Moment ◽  
Nanosized Systems

Nanosystems are devices that are in the size range of a billionth of a meter (1 x 10-9) and therefore are built necessarily from individual atoms. The one-dimensional nanosystems or linear nanosystems cover all the nanosized systems which possess one dimension that exceeds the other two dimensions, i.e. extension over one dimension is predominant over the other two dimensions. Here only two of the dimensions have to be on the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). In this paper we consider the structural relationship between a linear nanosystem and its atoms acting as components of the nanosystem. Using such information, we then assess the nanosystem's limiting reliability which is, of course, probabilistic in nature. We consider the linear nanosystem at a fixed moment of time, say the present moment, and we assume that the present state of the linear nanosystem depends only on the present states of its atoms.

scholarly journals COUNTRY MATTERS: WELL-BEING AND EMIGRATION PLANS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SLOVAKIA AND BULGARIA: THE MEDIATION EFFECT OF ROOTEDNESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Frederika Lučanská ◽  
◽  
Oľga Orosová ◽  
Vihra Naydenova ◽  
Jozef Benka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between well-being, rootedness and emigration plans (EP) among university students in Slovakia and Bulgaria. It also explored the mediation effect of rootedness in the relationship between well-being and EP. The data were collected throughan online survey (SLiCE 2016). The research sample consisted of 361 university students (M=22.4 years, SD=3.8) from Slovakia (141, 86.5% female) and Bulgaria (220, 69.1% female). Based on their emigration plans, the respondentswere dividedinto two groups;those who do not plan to leave (n=218, 60.4%) and those who plan to leave in the long term (n=143, 39.6%) after they finish university. ForSlovakia, all factors were significantly related toEP. Furthermore, the association between well-being and EP was fully mediated by two dimensions of rootedness with different psychological mechanisms. For Bulgaria, only well-being and onedimension of rootedness,desire for change,were significantly related to EP. It was also found that the association between well-being and EP was partially mediated by only one dimension of rootedness –desire for change. This study highlightsthat rootedness hasa different relationship with other examined factorsin different countries and also that it is necessary to respect the cultural and socio-economic featuresof acountry.

Managing Cognitive Load in the Design of Assistive Technology for Those with Learning Disabilities

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaventura DaCosta ◽  
Soonhwa Seok
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Effective Learning Environments

This is the second of three chapters serving as the introduction to this handbook which addresses the relationship between human cognition and assistive technologies and its design for individuals with cognitive disabilities. In this chapter the authors present strategies to manage cognitive load in the design of instructional materials for those with learning disabilities. The authors introduce cognitive load theory, which proposes a set of instructional principles grounded in human information processing research that can be leveraged in the creation of efficient and effective learning environments. They attempt to separate conjecture and speculation from empirically-based study and consolidate more than twenty-five years of research to highlight the best ways in which to increase learning. Altogether, the authors affirm the approach discussed in the last chapter—that technology for learning should be created with an understanding of design principles empirically supported by how the human mind works, particularly when it comes to the design of assistive technologies for individuals with learning disabilities.

Capacity of Severely Subnormal Children with Relation to the Non-Additivity of Cues Effect and to Discrimination Difficulty

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Glenn ◽  
Mary J. Pickersgill
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Slow Learners

The phenomenon of non-additivity of cues has been shown to exist in the learning of various types of discriminations by rats (Sutherland and Mackintosh, 1964; Sutherland and Holgate, 1966). In the present study severely subnormal children were trained to discriminate stimuli differing along two dimensions, both dimensions being relevant to the discrimination. Having learned to criterion they were then transfer-tested on each of the dimensions presented separately. Results showed both that subjects tended to respond in terms of dimensions and also that slow learners tended to learn the discrimination in terms of only one dimension whereas faster learners tended to learn about both dimensions. In a further study it was found that the more difficult the discrimination to be made the more the subjects tended to learn it in terms of only one of the two possible relevant dimensions. Some varying interpretations of the concepts of attention and capacity and their value and precision in explaining these results are considered.

scholarly journals Three variations on a theme by Fibonacci

2020 ◽  
pp. 2140001
Author(s):  
Michael Baake ◽  
Natalie Priebe Frank ◽  
Uwe Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Pure Point ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Regular Model ◽  
Model Sets ◽  
Planar Extension ◽  
Dynamical Spectra ◽  
Variations On A Theme

Several variants of the classic Fibonacci inflation tiling are considered in an illustrative fashion, in one and in two dimensions, with an eye on changes or robustness of diffraction and dynamical spectra. In one dimension, we consider extension mechanisms of deterministic and of stochastic nature, while we look at direct product variations in a planar extension. For the pure point part, we systematically employ a cocycle approach that is based on the underlying renormalization structure. It allows explicit calculations, particularly in cases where one meets regular model sets with Rauzy fractals as windows.

Random sequential packing in Euclidean spaces of dimensions three and four and a conjecture of Palásti

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Edwin Blaisdell ◽  
Herbert Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Euclidean Spaces ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Actual Density ◽  
The Subject

A conjecture of Palásti [11] that the limiting packing density β d in a space of dimension d equals β d where ß is the limiting packing density in one dimension continues to be studied, but with inconsistent results. Some recent correspondence in this journal [7], [8], [13], [14], [15], [16], [18], [19], [20] as well as some other papers indicate a lively interest in the subject. In a prior study [3], we demonstrated that the conjectured value in two dimensions was smaller than the actual density. Here we demonstrate that this is also so in three and four dimensions and that the discrepancy increases with dimension.

scholarly journals Averaging over Narain moduli space

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Maloney ◽  
Edward Witten
Keyword(s):  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Simons Theory ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dual Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chern Simons ◽  
Chern Simons Theory

Abstract Recent developments involving JT gravity in two dimensions indicate that under some conditions, a gravitational path integral is dual to an average over an ensemble of boundary theories, rather than to a specific boundary theory. For an example in one dimension more, one would like to compare a random ensemble of two-dimensional CFT’s to Einstein gravity in three dimensions. But this is difficult. For a simpler problem, here we average over Narain’s family of two-dimensional CFT’s obtained by toroidal compactification. These theories are believed to be the most general ones with their central charges and abelian current algebra symmetries, so averaging over them means picking a random CFT with those properties. The average can be computed using the Siegel-Weil formula of number theory and has some properties suggestive of a bulk dual theory that would be an exotic theory of gravity in three dimensions. The bulk dual theory would be more like U(1)2D Chern-Simons theory than like Einstein gravity.

scholarly journals Discussion on the Claim That the Human Mind is a Computational Process Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
George Varvatsoulias
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Computational Process ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Computational Processes

In this theoretical paper, there will be offered a short introduction to the various discussions around the claim that the human mind operates in terms of computational processes. A number of proponents who have discussed such a theory feature this assignment. Their ideas are presented, discussed and interrelated to the general discipline of cognitive psychology, where much of that claim has been and is being put under scrutiny. The main objective of this paper is to provide a concise understanding on the above thesis, which by the use of an extensive literature could be further explored both by students of human cognition as well as researchers who would like a presentation to the topic on the basis of some foundational elements regarding the mind's ability to operate as a computing metaphor.

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