We the Semites: Reading Ancient History in Mandate Palestine

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Yoni Furas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The West ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
The Way

Chapter 5 deals with the representation of antiquity in textbooks, and it shows the resemblances between Arabic and Hebrew textbooks as to their use of the concepts of race and the disparities between them regarding territoriality and identity. Throughout the nineteenth century, new archaeological discoveries uncovered ancient Semitic civilizations, and identified their universal heritage and contribution to humankind. The chapter traces the employment of and engagement with the term ‘Semite’, which was a determinist racial label coined in a scholarly environment where the historicist tradition of the West had merged with biological research about the origin of the species. Further, the chapter explores the racial scientific discourse since the nineteenth century, until the Mandate period in Arab and Jewish historiography. Finally, the chapter illustrates the way in which the Zionist–Palestinian conflict wrote itself into ancient history.

From Chiromancy to Psychochirology

Aries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-270
Author(s):  
Alexandra H.M. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Way ◽  
Fortune Telling

Abstract The works of Julius Spier, a pupil of C.G. Jung, provide a perfect case study illustrating the psychologization of chiromancy during the Interbellum. His case also highlights a lack of insight in the way in which hand-reading has evolved in Europe since the nineteenth century. After its appearance in the West, the art of reading hands has generally been referred to as chiromancy (hand divination, i.e. fortune-telling through reading the palm). Thanks to the work of the French captain Casimir S. d’ Arpentigny, published first in 1843, chirognomy (the study of hand forms) has become an important aspect of hand-reading. Afterwards, Adolphe Desbarrolles distinguished a chirognomic and a chiromantic aspect on a hand-analysis, whereupon either chirology (the study of the hand) or chirosophy (wisdom of the hand) became the umbrella terms for the “twin sciences” chiromancy and chirognomy. Spier, however, juxtaposed chirology and chiromancy before branching off with his novel method entitled psychochirology.

scholarly journals Women and Orientalism: 19th century Representations of the Harem by European female travellers and Ottoman women

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Thisaranie Herath
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
The Way

The inaccessibility of the Ottoman harems to European males helped perpetuate the image of the harem as purely sexual in nature and contributed to imperialistic discourse that positioned the East as inferior to the West. It was only with the emergence of female travellers and artists that Europe was afforded a brief glimpse into the source of their fantasies; however, whether these accounts catered to or challenged the normative imperialist discourse of the day remains controversial. Emerging scholarship also highlights the way in which harem women themselves were able to control the depiction of their private spaces to suit their own needs, serving to highlight how nineteenth century depictions of the harem were a series of cross-cultural exchanges and negotiations between male Orientalists, female European travellers, and shrewd Ottoman women. 

Greek identities and French politics in the Revue des Deux Mondes (1846–1900)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ourania Polycandrioti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The West ◽  
French Politics ◽  
French School ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Way

The longevity of the magazine Revue des Deux Mondes, its position among the French magazines, its contents, contributors and directors, all prominent scholars of France, establish the Revue des Deux Mondes as an important record of intellectual and political life in the nineteenth century, as well as of the way in which the West in general and France in particular regarded contemporary Greece during the same period. This study aims to provide an overview of all Greek-themed articles in the magazine from 1829 to 1899, with the purpose of exploring the various aspects of ancient and contemporary Hellenism, in relation to France’s foreign policies as well as the activities of the French School at Athens.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Idea ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Way

The Introduction outlines the main themes of London’s West End It establishes the need for the book and unveils some of its original arguments, including the significance of pleasure districts, the populist palatial style, and the conservative cultural politics of its entertainments. The book demonstrates how the modern idea of the West End as a distinct space devoted to consumerism and entertainment developed during the course of the nineteenth century. The Introduction reveals the way the book is shaped by the work of scholars from Walter Benjamin in the 1930s through to figures such as Judith Walkowitz and Erica Rappaport in the present time. It also details what is meant by the ‘West End’ and by the term ‘pleasure district’ which, it argues, is integral to understanding metropolitan identities in the modern era.

Islam after Liberalism

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
The West ◽  
Muslim Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way ◽  
Sense Of Urgency

Forged in the age of empire, the relationship between Islam and liberalism has taken on a sense of urgency today, when global conflicts are seen as pitting one against the other. More than describing a civilizational fault-line between the Muslim world and the West, however, this relationship also offers the potential for consensus and the possibility of moral and political engagement or compatibility. The existence or extent of this correspondence tends to preoccupy academic as much as popular accounts of such a relationship. This volume looks however to the way in which Muslim politics and society are defined beyond and indeed after it. Reappraising the “first wave” of Islamic liberalism during the nineteenth century, the book describes the long and intertwined histories of these categories across a large geographical expanse. By drawing upon the contributions of scholars from a variety of disciplines – including philosophy, theology, sociology, politics and history – it explores how liberalism has been criticized and refashioned by Muslim thinkers and movements, to assume a reality beyond the abstractions that define its compatibility with Islam.

MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA IN THE EYES OF RUSSIAN OBSERVERS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Taki
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
The West ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
West European ◽  
The Way

Taking as its starting point the Enlightenment discourse about Eastern Europe, thc article examines the way Russian elites responded to the emergence of the West-East symbolic divide through discovery and appropriation of their own "Orient." The encounter of the Westernized Russian officer corps and diplomats with the Hellenized Romanian boyar elite of Moldavia and Wallachia in the course of the Russian-Ottoman wars provides an illustration of this phenomenon. Deriving from the classic oppositions between "Europe" and "Orient," "civilization" and "barbarity," the Russian discourse on Moldavia and Wallachia differed from West European models through the recognition of common religion and the similarities between the lifestyle of the Romanian elite and the old Muscovite ways. This interplay of "sameness" and "otherness" served the Russian imperial elite to monopolize the civilizing mission in the region and assert its European identity in the period when the latter became increasingly questioned both intemationally and domestically.

MOLDA VIA AND WALLACHIA IN THE EYES OF RUSSIAN OBSERVERS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
VICTOR TAKI
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
The West ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
West European ◽  
The Way

Abstract: Taking as its starting point the Enlightenment discourse about Eastern Europe, the article examines the way Russian elites responded to the emergence of the West-East symbolic divide through discovery and appropriation of their own "Orient." The encounter of the Westernized Russian officer corps and diplomats with the Hellenized Romanian boyar elite of Moldavia and Wallachia in the course of the Russian-Ottoman wars provides an illustration of this phenomenon. Deriving from the classic oppositions between "Europe" and "Orient," "civilization" and "barbarity," the Russian discourse on Moldavia and Wallachia differed from West European models through the recognition of common religion and the similarities between the lifestyle of the Romanian elite and the old Muscovite ways. This interplay of "sameness" and "otherness" served the Russian imperial elite to monopolize the civilizing mission in the region and assert its European identity in the period when the latter became increasingly questioned both internationally and domestically.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

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