Locating Expert Impressions

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-42
Author(s):  
Elijah Chudnoff
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Expertise ◽  
Natural Class ◽  
Motor Expertise ◽  
Alternative System ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Cognitive Expertise

The category of expert impressions includes expert perceptions and expert intuitions. This category does not fit easily into the standard classification of expertise into perceptual, cognitive, or motor. This chapter argues that there are independent reasons to prefer an alternative system for classifying expertise with reference to which expert impressions stand out as a natural class. The argument is based on empirical considerations suggesting that the traditional category of cognitive expertise is disunified: some kinds of cognitive expertise are more like perceptual expertise; other kinds of cognitive expertise are more like motor expertise.

scholarly journals Validity of classification of distal radial fractures in the Swedish fracture register

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malena Bergvall ◽  
Carl Bergdahl ◽  
Carl Ekholm ◽  
David Wennergren
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Distal Radial Fractures ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Fracture Register ◽  
Standard Classification

Abstract Background Distal radial fractures (DRF) are one of the most common fractures with a small peak in incidence among young males and an increasing incidence with age among women. The reliable classification of fractures is important, as classification provides a framework for communicating effectively on clinical cases. Fracture classification is also a prerequisite for data collection in national quality registers and for clinical research. Since its inception in 2011, the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) has collected data on more than 490,000 fractures. The attending physician classifies the fracture according to the AO/OTA classification upon registration in the SFR. Previous studies regarding the classification of distal radial fractures (DRF) have shown difficulties in inter- and intra-observer agreement. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the registration of DRF in adults in the SFR as it is carried out in clinical practice. Methods A reference group of three experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeons classified 128 DRFs, randomly retrieved from the SFR, at two classification sessions 6 weeks apart. The classification the reference group agreed on was regarded as the gold standard classification for each fracture. The accuracy of the classification in the SFR was defined as the agreement between the gold standard classification and the classification in the SFR. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was evaluated and the degree of agreement was calculated as Cohen’s kappa. Results The accuracy of the classification of DRF in the SFR was kappa = 0.41 (0.31–0.51) for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa = 0.48 (0.36–0.61) for the AO/OTA type. This corresponds to moderate agreement. Inter-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.22–0.48 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.48–0.76 for the AO/OTA type. Intra-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.52–0.70 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.71–0.76 for the AO/OTA type. Conclusions The study shows moderate accuracy in the classification of DRF in the SFR. Although the degree of accuracy for DRF appears to be lower than for other fracture locations, the accuracy shown in the current study is similar to that in previous studies of DRF.

Classifying Predicates and Languages

1997 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Smith ◽  
Rolf Wiehagen ◽  
Thomas Zeugmann
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Attention In Learning ◽  
Recursive Functions ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Resource Bound ◽  
Multi Classification

The present paper studies a particular collection of classification problems, i.e., the classification of recursive predicates and languages, for arriving at a deeper understanding of what classification really is. In particular, the classification of predicates and languages is compared with the classification of arbitrary recursive functions and with their learnability. The investigation undertaken is refined by introducing classification within a resource bound resulting in a new hierarchy. Furthermore, a formalization of multi-classification is presented and completely characterized in terms of standard classification. Additionally, consistent classification is introduced and compared with both resource bounded classification and standard classification. Finally, the classification of families of languages that have attracted attention in learning theory is studied, too.

scholarly journals Introduction to the History and Current Status of Evidence-Based Korean Medicine: A Unique Integrated System of Allopathic and Holistic Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Shik Yin ◽  
Seong-Gyu Ko
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Holistic Medicine ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Based Medicine

Objectives. Korean medicine, an integrated allopathic and traditional medicine, has developed unique characteristics and has been active in contributing to evidence-based medicine. Recent developments in Korean medicine have not been as well disseminated as traditional Chinese medicine. This introduction to recent developments in Korean medicine will draw attention to, and facilitate, the advancement of evidence-based complementary alternative medicine (CAM).Methods and Results. The history of and recent developments in Korean medicine as evidence-based medicine are explored through discussions on the development of a national standard classification of diseases and study reports, ranging from basic research to newly developed clinical therapies. A national standard classification of diseases has been developed and revised serially into an integrated classification of Western allopathic and traditional holistic medicine disease entities. Standard disease classifications offer a starting point for the reliable gathering of evidence and provide a representative example of the unique status of evidence-based Korean medicine as an integration of Western allopathic medicine and traditional holistic medicine.Conclusions. Recent developments in evidence-based Korean medicine show a unique development in evidence-based medicine, adopting both Western allopathic and holistic traditional medicine. It is expected that Korean medicine will continue to be an important contributor to evidence-based medicine, encompassing conventional and complementary approaches.

Occupational load as a risk factor for clinically relevant base of thumb osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Moriatis Wolf ◽  
Aleksandra Turkiewicz ◽  
Isam Atroshi ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thumb Carpometacarpal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveIt is postulated that increased load from pinch and grasp in occupational tasks increases the risk of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC1) osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to characterise the relationship between doctor-diagnosed CMC1 OA and occupation in a large working population.MethodsWe performed a matched case–control study using a Swedish healthcare register. We identified residents aged 30–65 years in 2013 with physician-diagnosed CMC1 OA from 1998 to 2013. We matched four controls per person with CMC1 OA by age, sex, education and postcode. Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations was used to assign occupation. Occupation was categorised as light, light–moderate, moderate and heavy labour. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate ORs with 95% CIs.ResultsWe identified 3462 patients with CMC1 OA and matched 13 211 controls. The mean age of the CMC1 OA group was 63 (SD 7) years, with 81% women. The ORs for CMC1 OA in men were 1.31 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.79) for light–moderate, 1.76 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.40) for moderate and 2.00 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.51) for heavy compared with light work. Women had ORs for CMC1 OA of 1.46 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.61) for light–moderate, 1.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.46) for moderate and 1.31 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.59) for heavy compared with light work.ConclusionsThe association between increased manual load in occupation and risk of CMC1 OA is more pronounced in men than in women, likely due to higher workload in the heavy labour category.

scholarly journals Equivalence of Faddeev–Jackiw and Dirac Approaches for Gauge Theories

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio García ◽  
Josep M. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Darboux Transformation ◽  
Canonical Transformation ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reduction Procedure ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Classical Reduction

The equivalence between the Dirac method and Faddeev–Jackiw analysis for gauge theories is proven. In particular we trace out, in a stage-by-stage procedure, the standard classification of first and second class constraints of Dirac's method in the F–J approach. We also find that the Darboux transformation implied in the F–J reduction process can be viewed as a canonical transformation in Dirac approach. Unlike Dirac's method, the F–J analysis is a classical reduction procedure. The quantization can be achieved only in the framework of reduce and then quantize approach with all the known problems that this type of procedure presents. Finally we illustrate the equivalence by means of a particular example.

Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wilkin ◽  
Mark Dahl ◽  
Michael Detmar ◽  
Lynn Drake ◽  
Alvan Feinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Committee ◽  
Standard Classification
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