From the Poor to the Plutocrats

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Francis Teal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Idea ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Wrong Place

In this chapter we provide an overview of the arguments of the earlier chapters as to what explains absolute and relative poverty and the incomes of the super-rich. The factors that influence whether one is to be very poor or very rich are summarized in four steps: Step 1—Get lucky where you are born; Step 2—Get lucky when you are born (if unskilled you want the early twentieth century, if skilled after that); Step 3—Get lucky in being able to move (if born in the wrong place); Step 4—Get ultra-lucky with a great idea, or own an oil company, or have rich parents, or eliminate the competition.

scholarly journals Ontario Retailers in the Early Twentieth Century: Dismantling the Social Bridge

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
David Monod
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working People ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract This article explores the theory that late-nineteenth century and eary-twentieth century retailing served as an avenue to upward mobility. An examination of retailing in Ontario suggests two things: first, that shopkeeping was a deeply stratified occupation in which the poor remained marginalized at the bottom: and second, that over the course of the early twentieth century interest in retailing declined among working people as the business of storekeeping “professionalized”.

Defining the poor in early twentieth-century Japan

Japan Forum ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise K. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

scholarly journals Liberty and the individual: the colony asylum in Scotland and England

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Allmond
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village

This paper analyses the buildings, spaces and interiors of Bangour Village public asylum for the insane, near Edinburgh, and compares these with an English asylum, Whalley, near Preston, of similar early-twentieth-century date. The village asylum, which developed from a European tradition of rendering the poor productive through ‘colonisation’, was more enthusiastically and completely adopted in Scotland than in England, perhaps due to differences in asylum culture within the two jurisdictions. ‘Liberty’ and ‘individuality’, in particular, were highly valued within Scottish asylum discourses, arguably shaping material provision for the insane poor from the scale of the buildings to the quality of the furnishings. The English example shows, by contrast, a greater concern with security and hygiene. These two differing interpretations show a degree of flexibility within the internationalized asylum model which is seldom recognized in the literature.

scholarly journals La Bolsa De La Habana, El Mercado Mundial De Azúcar Y Las Fluctuaciones De La Economía Cubana, 1910-1959

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Moreno Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Sugar Exports ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractThis paper presents the course taken by the Cuban economy from the early twentieth century until the outbreak of the Revolution, seen from the perspective of what happened in the stock market. I have therefore prepared an index of Havana Stock Exchange listings which shows strong dependence on what happened in the sugar market, particularly in sugar exports. However, my research highlights the weakness of this institution, conceived more as an instrument of speculative enrichment rather than one of financing, the evolution of which reveals the fragility of the Cuban economy and particularly the poor development of its capital markets.

scholarly journals The role of pawnshops in risk coping in early twentieth-century Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Coping

This study examines the role of pawnshops as a risk-coping device in Japan in the early twentieth century, when the poor were very vulnerable to unexpected shocks such as illness. In contrast to European countries, Japanese pawnshops were the primary financial institution for low-income people up to the 1920s. Using data on pawnshop loans for more than 250 municipalities and exploiting the 1918–20 influenza pandemic as a natural experiment, we find that the adverse health shock increased the total amount of loans from pawnshops. This is because those who regularly relied on pawnshops borrowed more money from them than usual, and not because the number of people who used pawnshops increased. Our estimation results indicate that pawnshop loan amounts increased by approximately 7–10 percent due to the pandemic. These findings suggest that pawnshop loans were widely used as a risk-coping strategy.

Some Polish Composers of To-Day

Tempo ◽  
1948 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Andrzej Panufnik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Group ◽  
Karol Szymanowski

It is ten years since KAROL SZYMANOWSKI died at fifty-four. He was the most prominent representative of the “radical progressive” group of early twentieth century composers, which we call “Young Poland.” In their manysided and pioneering efforts they prepared the fertile soil on which Poland's present day's music thrives.

V1214: Edward Loughborough Keyes: An Early Twentieth Century Leader In Urology

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 320-320
Author(s):  
Peter J. Stahl ◽  
E. Darracott Vaughan ◽  
Edward S. Belt ◽  
David A. Bloom ◽  
Ann Arbor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century
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