Reading into Words

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Lynda Mugglestone
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
World War ◽  
High Point

This chapter considers World War 1 as a high point for reading as a way of understanding events, alongside Clark’s own role as a particularly dedicated reader of war-time use. Newspapers – often given a bad press in writing on WWI – were, for Clark, to be exploited as multi-genre spaces, offering a marked diversity of forms. Letters from the Front, diaries, advertising, accounts of war, politics, fashion, and cookery, often appeared across their pages. Clark’s reading deliberately spanned a social, political, and geographical spectrum, while revealing a process of attentive scrutiny, collection and annotation in a documentary excursus into a world in flux.

The Imperial Army Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
High Point ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

How did British authorities manage to secure the commitment of large dominion and Indian armies that could plan, fight, shoot, communicate, and sustain themselves, in concert with the British Army and with each other, during the era of the two world wars? This is the primary line of inquiry for this study, which begs a couple of supporting questions. What did the British want from the dominion and Indian armies and how did they go about trying to get it? How successful were they in the end? Answering these questions requires a long-term perspective—one that begins with efforts to fix the armies of the British Empire in the aftermath of their desultory performance in South Africa (1899–1903) and follows through to the high point of imperial military cooperation during the Second World War. Based on multi-archival research conducted in six different countries on four continents, Douglas E. Delaney argues that the military compatibility of the British Empire armies was the product of a deliberate and enduring imperial army project, one that aimed at ‘Lego-piecing’ the armies of the empire, while, at the same time, accommodating the burgeoning autonomy of the dominions and even India. At its core, this book is really about how a military coalition worked.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rósa Magnúsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
High Point ◽  
Second World

This chapter covers Russian and Soviet views of America before the Second World War, during both the tsarist period and the earliest years of the Bolshevik regime, when American technology was admired and emulated even as its economic and racial inequalities were criticized. It then delves into the Soviet-American wartime alliance, with a focus on the 1945 meeting on the Elbe that marked the high point of Soviet and American camaraderie resulting from their allied wartime victory. The fate of the wartime alliance is a recurring theme in the book, and this chapter introduces Soviet efforts in propaganda and ideology toward the former ally in the early Cold War.

‘We’ in Scotland or ‘She’ in Scotland? Scottish Conservative Manifesto Discourse during the Davidson Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Murray Stewart Leith
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
European Elections ◽  
High Point ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Second World

This chapter, by Murray Stewart Leith, considers the rhetoric of the Scottish Conservative Party through the lens of party manifestos issued for Scottish, UK and European elections between 2010 and 2017. It begins with a short consideration of why Scottish Conservatism slipped from its historical high point after the Second World War, then goes on to illustrate the importance of both ideology and identity on party fortunes. The chapter then considers the importance of leadership before considering both rhetorical changes and continuities within the party. It argues that while the Scottish Conservatives clearly differentiated their Scottish discourse, they also remained wedded to wider UK Conservative Party rhetoric.

Topography of Interpretation: Reviewing Timothy Snyder's Bloodlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN DINER
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
World War ◽  
High Point ◽  
East European ◽  
Second World

Timothy Snyder's book on the conjoint, albeit opposing synergy between German National Socialism and Soviet Stalinism at the high point of the Second World War, and situated in the context of the East European lands lying between them, is tellingly, in a sense almost emblematically, entitled Bloodlands. The neologism that Snyder coined is a synthetic appellation for the murderous dynamics that unfolded there. Titles generally intend to lead the reader towards the book's core thesis, and this coinage seems, perhaps more than is usual, to be of special importance to the author.

scholarly journals What to Do with Alvar Aalto?

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Ilkka Paajanen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Second World War ◽  
High Tech ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

In Finland the influence of the Alvar Aalto has been very strong. It is not easy to say, what to do with Alvar Aalto and his buildings? Let’s take three cases: Library in Vyborg was built just before the Second World War. The former Finnish town was after the war one part of the Soviet Union. During the soviet era the building was in very bad condition. During the last 20 years it has been renovated. Now it looks like it was in the 30es. Some details remind the soviet renovations. Should we have a building like this in his earlier presentation or should we see also the history of the building? Sunila area in Kotka was built by one wood company in the middle of the 20th century. In the 60es the company sold the buildings. The flats are small, in the flats there are toilets but not showers. The situation especially in the 70es was miserable. In the last decades the Pro Sunila society has developed the area and the flats (for example two small flats together as a big one with bigger showers etc.). How we can develop an area? Nano laboratory building in Otaniemi was built in 60es as wood laboratory of the Helsinki University of Technology. There are many very fine architectural details in the building. For about eight years ago the building was renovated as nano laboratory. How to renovate a laboratory building, when you should in the same time use renovation, conservation and build high tech laboratory?

Writing a War of Words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Mugglestone
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
Total War ◽  
Language History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Changing Roles

This book is the first exploration of the war-time quest by Andrew Clark to document changes in the English language from the start of World War One up to 1919. It describes Clark as a writer, historian, and long-time volunteer on the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. It focusses, however, on Clark’s unique series of lexical scrapbooks — replete with clippings, annotations, and real-time definitions which reveal, in unprecedented detail, his endeavours to record the intricacies of living language history in war-time use. For Clark, the language of great writers was cast aside. Instead, he chose to investigate language and its use by means of contemporary advertising and newspapers, pamphlets, and ephemera. Across his work, he provides a compelling account of language and language change, probing its role a prism of contemporary events, whether in relation to the changing roles of women, the nature of total war, and the diverse consequences – human and material – of modern and industrial conflict. The book traces Clark’s emphasis on words and sources which might otherwise be neglected, not least given his committed interest in ephemerality and change. In so doing, it offers fresh perspectives on received wisdom on the inexpressibilities of war, examines the diversities of war-time use from a wide range of angles, while stressing the need for Clark’s own recuperation as a innovative if ‘forgotten lexicographer’ of words in time.

scholarly journals Verdraagzaamheid en pragmatische samenwerking in de Vlaamse beweging. Hugo Verriest en August Vermeylen 1895-1914. Deel 3

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-241
Author(s):  
Romain Vanlandschoot
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
High Point ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
Overal Waar ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Deel 3: Hoogtepunt 1910-1914De samenwerking tussen August Vermeylen en Hugo Verriest kende in de laatste jaren voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog een waar hoogtepunt. De toespraak van Verriest op de Brusselse wereldtentoonstelling, 5 juli 1910, in aanwezigheid van koning Albert I, maakte veel ophef, maar stootte ook de liberale opinie voor het hoofd door zijn eenzijdige kijk op de West-Vlaamse literatuur. In 1912 stelde Vermeylen zijn bekende leuze uit 1900 bij: “om iets te zijn moeten we Vlaming zijn. Wij willen Vlaming zijn om Europeeër te worden”. Hij positioneerde de Vlaamse beweging in het groeiende spanningsveld tussen Frankrijk en Duitsland.Het jaar daarop zette Vermeylen zich in, als voorzitter van de Vereniging van Vlaamse Letterkundigen, om op 17 augustus 1913 een grootse hulde te brengen aan de pastoor van Ingooigem, in aanwezigheid van duizenden Vlamingen en Nederlanders. Hij prees hierbij de verdraagzaamheid die Verriest opbracht voor andersdenkenden. Hij waardeerde in hem de “innige samenhang van kunst en leven, die letterkundigen en strijders voor hogere cultuur in Vlaanderen verenigt”. Op de feestelijkheid waren alle generaties sedert het overlijden van Albrecht Rodenbach (1880) aanwezig, “van overal waar Nederlandse taal klinkt”.De laatste vooroorlogse samenwerking betrof de agitatie rond het wetsontwerp van minister Prosper Poullet op het lager onderwijs en de desbetreffende taalregeling voor de Vlaamse kinderen, inzonderheid te Brussel. Op de meeting van 10 februari 1914 voerden de socialistische voorman Alberic Deswarte, de katholieke priester Hugo Verriest en August Vermeylen het woord. Verriest had het over het bevrijdende ‘nadere springtij’ in Vlaanderen. Met zijn allen ijverden zij voor de fundamentele rechten van alle volkskinderen op onderwijs in de moedertaal, vorming en behoorlijke beroepsopleiding. Vermeylen waarschuwde scherp voor het verlies van Brussel door de sterke verfransingsdruk.Als algemeen besluit mag gelden dat de samenwerking van Vermeylen en Verriest in de jaren 1895-1914 een belangrijke bijdrage betekende in de vooruitgang van de Vlaamse beweging.________Tolerance and pragmatic cooperation in the Flemish Movement. Hugo Verriest and August Vermeylen 1895-1914. Part 3: High point 1910-1914During the last years before the First World War the cooperation between August Vermeylen and Hugo Verriest culminated in a true high point. Much was made of Verriest’s address at the Brussels’ world exhibition on 5 July 1910 in the presence of King Albert I, but the speech also offended the liberals because of its one-sided view of West Flemish literature. In 1912 Vermeylen adjusted his well-known slogan from 1900: “in order to be anything, we need to be Flemish. We wish to be Flemish in order to become Europeans”. He positioned the Flemish movement in the growing area of tension between France and Germany.On 17 August of the following year, Vermeylen as chairman of the Association of Flemish Authors dedicated his efforts to pay an elaborate tribute to the parish priest of Ingooigem in the presence of thousands of Flemish and Dutch people. In doing so, he praised the tolerance with which Verriest treated dissidents. He appreciated that Verriest manifested “the close cohesion of art and life, which unites authors and fighters for higher culture in Flanders”. At this festive occasion all generations since the death of Albrecht Rodenbach (1880) were present, “from everywhere where the Dutch language is spoken”.The last time they cooperated before the war related to the turmoil about Minister Proper Poullets’ draft law on elementary education and the relevant language regime for Flemish school children, in particular in Brussels. At the meeting on 10 February 1914, the socialist leader Alberic Deswarte, the Catholic priest Hugo Verriest and August Vermeylen took the floor. Verriest spoke about the liberating ‘approaching spring tide’ in Flanders. All together they dedicated their efforts to the fundamental rights of all working-class children to enjoy education in their native language, to formation and a decent professional training. Vermeylen warned in strong terms about the loss of Brussels because of the strong pressure towards Frenchification.We may draw the general conclusion that the cooperation between Vermeylen and Verriest during the period of 1895-1914 made a major contribution towards the progress of the Flemish movement.

Age at Full-Time Use Predicts Language Outcomes Better Than Age of Surgery in Children Who Use Cochlear Implants

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Park ◽  
Erika B. Gagnon ◽  
Erin Thompson ◽  
Kevin D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Device Placement ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Better Than

Purpose The aims of this study were to (a) determine a metric for describing full-time use (FTU), (b) establish whether age at FTU in children with cochlear implants (CIs) predicts language at 3 years of age better than age at surgery, and (c) describe the extent of FTU and length of time it took to establish FTU in this population. Method This retrospective analysis examined receptive and expressive language outcomes at 3 years of age for 40 children with CIs. Multiple linear regression analyses were run with age at surgery and age at FTU as predictor variables. FTU definitions included 8 hr of device use and 80% of average waking hours for a typically developing child. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the establishment and degree of FTU. Results Although 8 hr of daily wear is typically considered FTU in the literature, the 80% hearing hours percentage metric accounts for more variability in outcomes. For both receptive and expressive language, age at FTU was found to be a better predictor of outcomes than age at surgery. It took an average of 17 months for children in this cohort to establish FTU, and only 52.5% reached this milestone by the time they were 3 years old. Conclusions Children with normal hearing can access spoken language whenever they are awake, and the amount of time young children are awake increases with age. A metric that incorporates the percentage of time that children with CIs have access to sound as compared to their same-aged peers with normal hearing accounts for more variability in outcomes than using an arbitrary number of hours. Although early FTU is not possible without surgery occurring at a young age, device placement does not guarantee use and does not predict language outcomes as well as age at FTU.

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