Secondary predicates

2021 ◽  
pp. 777-825
Author(s):  
Harm Pinkster
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Secondary Predicates ◽  
Case Number

Chapter 21 deals with secondary predicates (also called ‘praedicativa’), with quantifiers, and with the pronouns ipse and idem. The function of secondary predicate can be fulfilled by various categories of nominal expressions, such as adjectives, nouns, and participles which agree with the constituent to which they belong in case, number, and/or gender, but also by noun phrases in multiple case forms and prepositional phrases. The semantic relationship between the secondary predicate and the constituent it belongs to is usually implicit. A clause can contain more than one secondary predicate.

scholarly journals Complexity in the Noun Phrase Structure of the Nigerian EFCC Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Usman Muhammed Bello ◽  
Rachel Afegbua Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Times ◽  
Post Modification

This research examines the noun phrase structure in the EFCC Act. Other English phrases (verb, adjectival, adverbial, and prepositional phrases) are unimportant to this study except, of course, when they relate to noun phrase. The design for the research is qualitative/content analysis. The EFCC Act provides the data for the study. Noun phrases of different realisations are randomly selected from the text in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. These are further examined in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. The analysis is based on the MHQ models. Findings show that the Act is populated with complex noun phrases, and this complexity, most of the times, lies in post-modification and, at other times, in pre-modification. Sometimes, both pre-modification and post-modification are responsible for this complexity. However, complexity is more realized through post-modification than pre-modification. This complexity is a result of an attempt to restrict or limit the sense of the headword or an attempt to reduce meaning to possible exactitude or clarity.

scholarly journals Adverb of manner and its translations found in the novel “The Good Earth”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
I Made Juliarta
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Adverbial Phrase ◽  
Manner Adverb ◽  
Sentence Adverbs

The novel the Good Earth is one of the popular novels that tell the story about Chinese culture. Some sentences contain an adverb of manner and its translation from English into Indonesian. The text is analyzed and viewed to find the translation of the adverb of manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze the source translation and get the meaning and its sentence. As we know that an adverb is a word that changes the meaning of a verb, adjective, and a sentence. Adverbs are words like hurriedly, quickly, slowly, and instantly. It modifies a verb or verb phrase. An adverb gives information about the manner, time, place, frequency, or certainty. Adverbials are words groups in which an adverbial phrase tells us something about the verb. They could be taken in the forms of adverbs, adverb phrases, temporal noun phrases or prepositional phrases. Some classifications of adverbial are found in the novel. It is called adverbial of manner. The research aims to find out the translation of manner adverb. The theory used is Brown and Miller (1992) describing that adverb of manner indicating how the event described by the verb. 

scholarly journals Woes of the African Society: A Stylistic Analysis of Parallelism and Semantic Deviation in Philip Obioma Chinedu Umeh's Ambassadors of Poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
PETER MWINWELLE ◽  
John Adukpo ◽  
Cletus Komudayiri Kantorgorje ◽  
Grace Asante-Anyimadu
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
African Society ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Parallel Structures ◽  
Artistic Works

Corruption has been one of the main challenges bedeviling the African society. Most artistic works in the form of writing and craft have dealt extensively with this canker of corruption. The poem ‘Ambassadors of Poverty’ is one of such works that touches on corruption in Africa. The present study seeks to examine the communicative implications underpinning the use of parallelism and semantic deviation in the poem. The study is situated within the linguistic and stylistic categories framework by Leech and Short (2007). The findings of the study identify forms of parallelism (noun phrases, prepositional phrases, simple and complex sentences) as well as forms of semantic deviation (metaphor, personification, irony, sarcasm, paradox, oxymoron and symbolism). The findings further unveil a preponderant use of varied shades of parallel structures to juxtapose the impoverished state of the ordinary African with the corrupt and luxurious lifestyle of African leaders while forms of semantic deviation are used to encode the unpatriotic attitudes of African leaders in figurative terms.  The study concludes that literary works such as poems are potent instruments that are subtly used to expose and condemn the ills of society. The study has implications for research, theory and practice.

scholarly journals СЪС ИЛИ БЕЗ ПРЕДЛОЗИ: КОЕ Е ВЯРНОТО / WITH OR WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS: WHICH IS TRUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (PR) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
SVETLA KOEVA
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Semantic Dependency

The article focuses on the competition between noun phrases in which the head noun is modified by either a relative adjective, noun qualitative modifier or a prepositional phrase. Several tests are proposed to distinguish between phrases with noun qualitative modifier and compounds consisting of two nouns. The type of the prepositions that occur in the prepositional phrases is characterised, and the conclusion is drown that the semantic dependency in the three competing structures is the same, although it is overtly expressed only through the prepositions. Keywords: noun qualitative modifier, syntactic alternations with prepositional phrases, identification of compounds, Bulgarian language

Trois Constructions a Dependance Entre Sujet Et PP

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell-Åke Gunnarson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Subject

Kjell-Åke Gunnarson: Three Constructions with a Dependency between Subject and PP. This study bears on relations between subject noun phrases and prepositional phrases found in various positions. The author discusses the action of a rule that extraposes noun complements of the subject head. Thus prepositional phrases are moved to positions that superficially appear as complement position. Complex conditions on the application of the rule lead to the distinction of three types of constructions that depend both on the main verb and on the content of the noun phrases.

A Corpus-Based Study of Chunks in Applied Linguistics Research Articles

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 2465-2469
Author(s):  
Geng Sheng Xiao ◽  
Bang Xiong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Linguistic Research

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to disciplinary variation of chunk use, but so far little has been done on chunks in the field of applied linguistics. This paper aims to explore the structures and functions of 4-word chunks in 1, 032,497 word tokens corpus of applied linguistic research articles. The analysis reveals that applied linguists tend to use more prepositional phrases with of fragments and noun phrases with of fragments. Moreover, research-oriented chunks are the most prevalent, text-oriented the next, participant-oriented the fewest. Lastly, pedagogical suggestions are put forward that students awareness should be aroused of unique features of chunk use in applied linguistics in terms of structures and functions.

Temporal phrases in the Shiji: adverbials indicating a point of time

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-250
Author(s):  
Barbara MEISTERERNST
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Temporal Interpretation ◽  
Speech Time ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

In this paper, the syntax and the semantics of deictic temporal adverbials - complex temporal noun phrases and prepositional phrases with yi 以 - that locate a situation on the time axis are at issue. Although these adverbials differ syntactically, they can represent both independent (calendar adverbials) and dependent adverbials which are related to a previously established time. Within a framework based on Reichenbach's distinction of the temporal categories speech time, event (situation) time, and reference time and on a fourth category TA time which focuses on the time inherent in the temporal adverbial, it will be shown how these adverbials contribute to the temporal interpretation of a sentence.

scholarly journals Conceptual Manipulation and Semantic Distinctions in Mandarin Verb Complements: The Contrast between shàng and dào

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Sabrina Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Directional Complements

This study investigates the lexicalization of spatial and aspectual components incorporated in Mandarin verb complements (VCs hereafter) shàng ‘up’ and dào ‘arrive’. The verb complement in Mandarin is well-known as the second verbal element in VV construction. Traditionally, V-shàng and V-dào are categorized as ‘directional complements’ and ‘phase complements’ respectively (Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981). Both VCs shàng and dào, originally functioning as a main verb (Gao 1995), are similar to the counterpart ‘up/on/above/over’ and ‘arrive/ reach’ in English; they have various usages, such as in verb phrases, and prepositional phrases, for example. Although there is no doubt that shàng and dào are poly-functional, it seems that there is no agreement on to what extent particular uses are related to one another. Most of the previous studies focus on the spatial meanings lexicalized in noun phrases and postpositions; they provide explanations based on a metaphorical approach or cultural values. However, such accounts cannot entirely explain the main function of the post-verbal comple- ments shàng and dào in VV construction. In this paper, I explore the subtle distinctions between the satellites shàng and dào, and provide an explanatory account for their seemingly diverse functions from a cognitive approach. Moreover, this paper aims to offer another perspective on the conceptual properties of spatial and aspectual notions embodied in these two verb complements, and verify evidence that Mandarin treats five framing events as a single conceptual entity. The organization of this paper is as follows. A brief literature review and the theoretical framework are presented in section 1. In section 2, the data involved the verb complements shàng and dào are introduced. In section 3, based on Talmy’s (2000) framework and framing event types, I discuss several examples and account for how aspectual and spatial concepts are explicitly expressed in shàng and dào regarding different framing event types. Section 4 shows a summary of findings and conclusion.

Noun Phrase Construction in Academic Research Articles

IJOHMN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Thu Lau
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Writing ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
Nonfinite Clauses

The study explored the syntactic complexity and semantic function of noun phrases in TESOL academic research articles. The corpus was comprised of 60 articles (572874 words) from three TESOL journals including TESOL Quarterly, TESOL Journal, and Journal of Second Language Writing. POS tagging was added to the corpus using TagAnt 1.2.0 (Anthony, 2015). A list of 20 highest-frequency nouns was generated using wordlist tool in AntConc 3.3.4 (Anthony, 2014). Based on the specific contexts of these nouns, the researcher analyzed the syntactic complexity of noun phrases in light of their pre-modifiers and post-modifiers. The semantic function of noun phrases was analyzed based on the excerpts generated by the Concordance tool. The results showed that the complexity of noun phrases was dependent on the complexity of their premodifiers and postmodifiers. A complex postmodifier usually contained more than one element, embedding prepositional phrases, nonfinite clauses, or relative clauses. The use of noun phrases enabled the writer to increase cohesion and coherence within and across the text. The findings were of value to both L2 learners and young scholars in developing their writing performance for the target journals in the field

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document