scholarly journals Conceptual Manipulation and Semantic Distinctions in Mandarin Verb Complements: The Contrast between shàng and dào

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Sabrina Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Directional Complements

This study investigates the lexicalization of spatial and aspectual components incorporated in Mandarin verb complements (VCs hereafter) shàng ‘up’ and dào ‘arrive’. The verb complement in Mandarin is well-known as the second verbal element in VV construction. Traditionally, V-shàng and V-dào are categorized as ‘directional complements’ and ‘phase complements’ respectively (Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981). Both VCs shàng and dào, originally functioning as a main verb (Gao 1995), are similar to the counterpart ‘up/on/above/over’ and ‘arrive/ reach’ in English; they have various usages, such as in verb phrases, and prepositional phrases, for example. Although there is no doubt that shàng and dào are poly-functional, it seems that there is no agreement on to what extent particular uses are related to one another. Most of the previous studies focus on the spatial meanings lexicalized in noun phrases and postpositions; they provide explanations based on a metaphorical approach or cultural values. However, such accounts cannot entirely explain the main function of the post-verbal comple- ments shàng and dào in VV construction. In this paper, I explore the subtle distinctions between the satellites shàng and dào, and provide an explanatory account for their seemingly diverse functions from a cognitive approach. Moreover, this paper aims to offer another perspective on the conceptual properties of spatial and aspectual notions embodied in these two verb complements, and verify evidence that Mandarin treats five framing events as a single conceptual entity. The organization of this paper is as follows. A brief literature review and the theoretical framework are presented in section 1. In section 2, the data involved the verb complements shàng and dào are introduced. In section 3, based on Talmy’s (2000) framework and framing event types, I discuss several examples and account for how aspectual and spatial concepts are explicitly expressed in shàng and dào regarding different framing event types. Section 4 shows a summary of findings and conclusion.

Trois Constructions a Dependance Entre Sujet Et PP

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell-Åke Gunnarson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Subject

Kjell-Åke Gunnarson: Three Constructions with a Dependency between Subject and PP. This study bears on relations between subject noun phrases and prepositional phrases found in various positions. The author discusses the action of a rule that extraposes noun complements of the subject head. Thus prepositional phrases are moved to positions that superficially appear as complement position. Complex conditions on the application of the rule lead to the distinction of three types of constructions that depend both on the main verb and on the content of the noun phrases.

The Rules of Early Stuttering

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bloodstein
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Verb Phrases

Brief samples of the speech of six stuttering children, aged three to six years, are analyzed on the basis of a conceptual model of stuttering as tension and fragmentation in speech. The hypothesis is advanced that while the older stutterer tends to fragment words, the early phase of stuttering is characterized chiefly by fragmentation of whole syntactic structures such as sentences, coordinate and subordinate clauses, verb phrases, noun phrases, and prepositional phrases. This is suggested by the predominance of repetitions of words and other large fragments, by their occurrence at the beginnings of syntactic structures, and by their absence from the ends of such structures. The young stutterer’s frequent tendency to stutter on pronouns and conjunctions is related to the model, and the prediction is made that the loci of early stuttering will not prove to be influenced directly by word-bound factors such as initial sound, word length, or word frequency.

scholarly journals TAKE IT YA 3AZIZI: CODE-SWITCHING ON FACEBOOK BY JORDANIAN BILINGUALS

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (35) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Mutasim Al-Deaibes
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Structural Aspects

This study scrutinizes the structural aspects of Jordanian Romanized Arabic-English code-switching (CS) on Facebook. All posts examined are written in Romanized Arabic, a new trend of writing on computer-mediated communication (CMC). Three types of CS are examined, i.e., inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tags, though the greatest focus is on the intra-sentential instances because of their syntactic complexity. Different syntactic categories are examined and critically scrutinized. Finally, the validity of two controversial syntactic constraints, i.e., the Equivalence Constraint (EC) and the Free Morpheme Constraint (FMC) by Poplack (1980) are tested. The findings show that nouns and noun phrases are the most frequently used type of switches among the other syntactic categories, i.e., verbs and verb phrases, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and prepositional phrases, and pronouns. The results also obviously reveal that there is a violation to the two constraints, namely The Free Morpheme Constraint and The Equivalence Constraint.

Idiomatic Expressions Analysis in Joker Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-608
Author(s):  
Annas Rozikin ◽  
Kasmaini Kasmaini ◽  
Azhar Aziz Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research aims to find out the types of idiomatic expressions and to identify the patterns of idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, this research used a classification form, documentation, and monolingual dictionaries. The result showed that there were 4 types of idiomatic expressions found in the Joker movie; proverbs, clichés, fixed statements, and slang. The other types of idiomatic expressions such as simile, binomial, and other language were absent from the Joker movie. Moreover, the researcher identified the patterns of the idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie were; noun phrases, transitive verb phrases, verbal phrases, prepositional phrases, pair of words, and sentence pattern. The other patterns of idiomatic expressions such as be + prepositional phrases and alliterative comparison were not consisted in the Joker movie.

scholarly journals Analisis Kesalahan Sintaksis Pada Karangan Deskripsi Bahasa Jerman

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Dhesy Bonitha Savitri Murad ◽  
Laelah Azizah ◽  
Misnah Mannahali
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Research Data ◽  
German Language ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Data Collection Technique

This study aims to determine the types of syntactic errors in the essay descriptions of the German language of SMA NEGERI 9 Makassar students. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The analytical method used is the method proposed by Ellis. The research data is in the form of descriptive essays written by students. The data source of this research is the students of class XII Mia 8 SMA Negeri 9 Makassar, amounting to 31 students. The data collection technique was carried out through a German writing test. The results of the data analysis show that the syntactic errors that appear are phrase errors, including 4 types of errors in noun phrases, 8 types of errors in pronouns, 7 types of errors in prepositional phrases, 4 types of errors in adjective phrases, and 4 types of verb phrases. 

scholarly journals Theoretical and Practical Interaction Between Legal Ideology and Legal Propaganda in the Soviet Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-368
Author(s):  
Anzhelika V Gavrilova ◽  
Egor A Bogolyubov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Legal Ideology ◽  
Ideological Influence

The main function of any ideology is to legitimize the established order of things as true, universal and unshakable. The ideological form is aimed at the formation of the addressee's specific stereotypes of behavior corresponding to the trajectory of officially recognized ideas, values, axioms, principles, norms of law. Legal ideology is a conceptualized expression of normative, political and universal methods of legal understanding. As the methods of ideological influence can be identified scientific-doctrinal and official-legal nomination, legal propaganda, legal education, legal education, etc. Legal propaganda is the systematic and purposeful dissemination in society of certain legal ideas, values, norms and programs of behavior in order to control the addressee and control his thinking and behavior, has a coercive nature in order to prevent deviation from the absolute standards of behavior. Propaganda is often one of the main means of political manipulation. At present," legal propaganda" as the most radical concept has given way to softer methods of ideological influence - "legal education" and " legal upbringing". Legal literacy and legal awareness of citizens in modern Russia is an important area of public policy, the implementation of which is entrusted to the Federal and regional public authorities, local governments, professional legal communities and public associations of lawyers, in close collaboration with civil society structures in the form of social partnerships. The involvement of public organizations for legal education of the population through legal propaganda in order to implement the state policy was actively developed in the Soviet period. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of the Soviet legal ideology in the context of legal propaganda by public organizations. The study was conducted within the framework of socio-cultural approach. That approach allowed expanding the idea of the place and role of legal propaganda in the Soviet society as a product of the state ideology focused on the identification of Soviet cultural values, its reglamentation and practical realisation.

scholarly journals Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Main Verb

This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.

Secondary predicates

2021 ◽  
pp. 777-825
Author(s):  
Harm Pinkster
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Secondary Predicates ◽  
Case Number

Chapter 21 deals with secondary predicates (also called ‘praedicativa’), with quantifiers, and with the pronouns ipse and idem. The function of secondary predicate can be fulfilled by various categories of nominal expressions, such as adjectives, nouns, and participles which agree with the constituent to which they belong in case, number, and/or gender, but also by noun phrases in multiple case forms and prepositional phrases. The semantic relationship between the secondary predicate and the constituent it belongs to is usually implicit. A clause can contain more than one secondary predicate.

Do you investigate word order in detail or do you investigate in detail word order? On word order and headedness in the recent history of English

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Text Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Modern

AbstractThis paper examines the design of verb phrases and noun phrases, focusing on the diachronic tendencies observed in the data in Middle English, Early Modern, and Late Modern English. The approach is corpus-based and the data, representing different periods and text types, is taken from the

scholarly journals Complexity in the Noun Phrase Structure of the Nigerian EFCC Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Usman Muhammed Bello ◽  
Rachel Afegbua Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Times ◽  
Post Modification

This research examines the noun phrase structure in the EFCC Act. Other English phrases (verb, adjectival, adverbial, and prepositional phrases) are unimportant to this study except, of course, when they relate to noun phrase. The design for the research is qualitative/content analysis. The EFCC Act provides the data for the study. Noun phrases of different realisations are randomly selected from the text in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. These are further examined in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. The analysis is based on the MHQ models. Findings show that the Act is populated with complex noun phrases, and this complexity, most of the times, lies in post-modification and, at other times, in pre-modification. Sometimes, both pre-modification and post-modification are responsible for this complexity. However, complexity is more realized through post-modification than pre-modification. This complexity is a result of an attempt to restrict or limit the sense of the headword or an attempt to reduce meaning to possible exactitude or clarity.

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