scholarly journals СЪС ИЛИ БЕЗ ПРЕДЛОЗИ: КОЕ Е ВЯРНОТО / WITH OR WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS: WHICH IS TRUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (PR) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
SVETLA KOEVA
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Semantic Dependency

The article focuses on the competition between noun phrases in which the head noun is modified by either a relative adjective, noun qualitative modifier or a prepositional phrase. Several tests are proposed to distinguish between phrases with noun qualitative modifier and compounds consisting of two nouns. The type of the prepositions that occur in the prepositional phrases is characterised, and the conclusion is drown that the semantic dependency in the three competing structures is the same, although it is overtly expressed only through the prepositions. Keywords: noun qualitative modifier, syntactic alternations with prepositional phrases, identification of compounds, Bulgarian language

scholarly journals The Post-Modification of Noun Phrase: Types and Distributions on Abstracts of Local and International Journals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Shanty A.Y.P.S Duwila
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Post Modification

Focusing on single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase complexity in academic writing, this study adopted Berlage’s (2014) types of single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase to investigate the types and distributionof noun phrase on 15 abstracts of accredited local journal and 15 international journal indexed by Scopus. Subjects, objects, and complements are coded manually and then extracted for noun phrases. The findings revealed that both groups of writers heavily relied on noun phrase involving prepositional phrase in single-post modification and noun phrase involving prepositional phrase(s) and coordination(s) in multiple-post modification. This finding may give contribution to EFL teachers and material developers in order to provide information and materials about NP post modifiers that can be used in academic writing.  

Case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka

Linguistics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Lexical Tones

AbstractDinka, a Nilo-Saharan language, is largely monosyllabic, nevertheless it has a fairly rich morphology. Thus, most of its morphology is expressed by alternations in phonological material of the root. The inflectional categories of nouns manifested in this way include state and case in addition to number. The state category consists of an “absolute” state and two “construct” states. The case category includes a nominative, a genitive, an allative, and an essive/ablative. The present article shows how case inflection is manifested in complex noun phrases consisting of a noun in a construct state and a following modifier. It is demonstrated that the case inflection of such noun phrases is manifested almost exclusively by tonal overlays on the nominative (lexical) tones, and that such overlays may occur either in the head or in the modifier or in both the head and the modifier. In this way, a head noun may simultaneously carry state information and case information. Thus, the case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka adds yet another layer of nonlinear morphology to nouns in this language.

Secondary predicates

2021 ◽  
pp. 777-825
Author(s):  
Harm Pinkster
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Secondary Predicates ◽  
Case Number

Chapter 21 deals with secondary predicates (also called ‘praedicativa’), with quantifiers, and with the pronouns ipse and idem. The function of secondary predicate can be fulfilled by various categories of nominal expressions, such as adjectives, nouns, and participles which agree with the constituent to which they belong in case, number, and/or gender, but also by noun phrases in multiple case forms and prepositional phrases. The semantic relationship between the secondary predicate and the constituent it belongs to is usually implicit. A clause can contain more than one secondary predicate.

scholarly journals Definiteness agreement and the pragmatics of reference in the Maltese NP

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-198
Author(s):  
Albert Gatt
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Production Study ◽  
The Status

Abstract Maltese noun phrases exhibit ‘definiteness agreement’ between head noun and modifier. However, the status of this phenomenon as a case of true morphosyntactic agreement has been disputed, given its apparent optionality. The present paper presents a corpus-based study of the distribution of adjectives with and without definite marking, and then tests the pragmatic licensing claim through a production study. Speakers were found to be more likely to use definite adjectives in referential noun phrases when the adjectives had a specifically contrastive function. This result is discussed in the context of both theoretical and psycholinguistic work on the pragmatics of referentiality.

scholarly journals The Notion of Argument in Prepositional Phrase Attachment

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Merlo ◽  
Eva Esteve Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we refine the formulation of the problem of prepositional phrase (PP) attachment as a four-way disambiguation problem. We argue that, in interpreting PPs, both knowledge about the site of the attachment (the traditional noun-verb attachment distinction) and the nature of the attachment (the distinction of arguments from adjuncts) are needed. We introduce a method to learn arguments and adjuncts based on a definition of arguments as a vector of features. In a series of supervised classification experiments, first we explore the features that enable us to learn the distinction between arguments and adjuncts. We find that both linguistic diagnostics of argumenthood and lexical semantic classes are useful. Second, we investigate the best method to reach the four-way classification of potentially ambiguous prepositional phrases. We find that whereas it is overall better to solve the problem as a single four-way classification task, verb arguments are sometimes more precisely identified if the classification is done as a two-step process, first choosing the attachment site and then labeling it as argument or adjunct.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the construction o tom, čto as a clausal complement of verbs and nouns in non-standard Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-671
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Knyazev ◽  
◽  
Valeria S. Zarembo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Judgment Data ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

The spread of the complementation construction o tom, čto in non-standard Russian in recent decades has been attested in previous work. It has been established that the construction has a wide distribution and can replace not only ordinary complement clauses introduced by the complementizer čto (so-called čto-clauses), cf. podtverždat’ o tom, čto + p ‘confirm that p’ instead of podtverždat’, čto + p, but also so-called to, čto-clauses (čto-clauses preceded by a demonstrative), including those embedded in prepositional phrases introduced by a preposi- tion other than o, cf. ostanovit’sja o tom, čto + p ‘settle on the fact that p’ instead of ostanovit’sja na tom, čto + p. The construction can also appear as a clausal complement of nouns, cf. podtverždenie o tom, čto + p ‘confirmation that p’ instead of podtverždenie togo, čto + p. The latter uses have been reported to lead to a milder violation, compared to the uses of the con- struction with verbs. The present study tested the latter hypothesis experimentally by using acceptability judgment data. The experiment tested the effect of the subcategorization of the matrix predicate (in standard Russian), i. e., whether it takes a direct object/čto-clause or a prepositional phrase (embedding a to, čto-clause). The findings suggest that there is a contrast in the status of clausal complements of verbs and nouns, specifically, that the latter are not genuine complements as has been earlier suggested in literature.

scholarly journals prosody of Símákonde relative clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 159-185
Author(s):  
Sophie Manus
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Prosodic Phrase ◽  
Final Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.  

scholarly journals Complexity in the Noun Phrase Structure of the Nigerian EFCC Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Usman Muhammed Bello ◽  
Rachel Afegbua Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Times ◽  
Post Modification

This research examines the noun phrase structure in the EFCC Act. Other English phrases (verb, adjectival, adverbial, and prepositional phrases) are unimportant to this study except, of course, when they relate to noun phrase. The design for the research is qualitative/content analysis. The EFCC Act provides the data for the study. Noun phrases of different realisations are randomly selected from the text in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. These are further examined in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. The analysis is based on the MHQ models. Findings show that the Act is populated with complex noun phrases, and this complexity, most of the times, lies in post-modification and, at other times, in pre-modification. Sometimes, both pre-modification and post-modification are responsible for this complexity. However, complexity is more realized through post-modification than pre-modification. This complexity is a result of an attempt to restrict or limit the sense of the headword or an attempt to reduce meaning to possible exactitude or clarity.

scholarly journals Agreement Attraction in Turkish: The Case of Genitive Attractor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utku Turk ◽  
Pavel Logacev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Attraction Effects ◽  
Potential Confound ◽  
Acceptability Judgment ◽  
Genitive Case

Previous studies have shown that speakers may find sentences violating subject-verb agreement grammatical when the sentence contains a feature-matching noun phrase. This so-called agreement attraction effect has also been found in genitive possessive structures such as 'the teacher's brother' in Turkish (Lago et al., 2019), which is in contrast with its absence in similar constructions in English (Nicol et al., 2016). This discrepancy has been hypothesized to be a result of the association between genitive case marking and subjecthood in Turkish, but not in English. In the present research, we test an alternative explanation in which Turkish number agreement attraction effects are due to a potential confound in Lago et al.'s experiment, as a result of which subject head nouns were locally ambiguous between the possessive and the accusative case. We hypothesized that this ambiguity may have inhibited the availability of the head noun as an agreement controller as the accusative is a non-subject case in Turkish. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a speeded acceptability judgment experiment and our results suggest that case-ambiguity does not play a role in agreement attraction, and thus lends credibility to the claim that genitive noun phrases may function as attractors in Turkish due to the association between genitive case and subjecthood.

scholarly journals Adverb of manner and its translations found in the novel “The Good Earth”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
I Made Juliarta
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Adverbial Phrase ◽  
Manner Adverb ◽  
Sentence Adverbs

The novel the Good Earth is one of the popular novels that tell the story about Chinese culture. Some sentences contain an adverb of manner and its translation from English into Indonesian. The text is analyzed and viewed to find the translation of the adverb of manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze the source translation and get the meaning and its sentence. As we know that an adverb is a word that changes the meaning of a verb, adjective, and a sentence. Adverbs are words like hurriedly, quickly, slowly, and instantly. It modifies a verb or verb phrase. An adverb gives information about the manner, time, place, frequency, or certainty. Adverbials are words groups in which an adverbial phrase tells us something about the verb. They could be taken in the forms of adverbs, adverb phrases, temporal noun phrases or prepositional phrases. Some classifications of adverbial are found in the novel. It is called adverbial of manner. The research aims to find out the translation of manner adverb. The theory used is Brown and Miller (1992) describing that adverb of manner indicating how the event described by the verb. 

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