Hairier than Putnam Thought

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Stephen Read

This chapter is a short note, co-written with Stephen Read, reacting to Hilary Putnam’s observation in his ‘Vagueness and Alternative Logic’ that intuitionistic logic would block the transition from the negation of the usual universally quantified conditional form of major premise for a Sorites to the assertion of a sharp boundary to the target predicate in the series concerned, and would thus allow the paradox to be reconceived as a straightforward reductio of its major premise. It is pointed out that a Sorites need not employ that form of major premise but can instead proceed, in intuitionistic logic, from the negation of the existential claim that the series in question contains a sharp boundary and that, while an intuitionistically suspect double negation elimination step would still be needed to enforce the unpalatable conclusion that the predicate in question indeed has a sharp boundary, nothing like the semantic motivation that the Intuitionists have favoured in mathematics for a restriction on double negation elimination can be operative in this context.

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Hyeonseung Im

A double negation translation (DNT) embeds classical logic into intuitionistic logic. Such translations correspond to continuation passing style (CPS) transformations in programming languages via the Curry-Howard isomorphism. A selective CPS transformation uses a type and effect system to selectively translate only nontrivial expressions possibly with computational effects into CPS functions. In this paper, we review the conventional call-by-value (CBV) CPS transformation and its corresponding DNT, and provide a logical account of a CBV selective CPS transformation by defining a selective DNT via the Curry-Howard isomorphism. By using an annotated proof system derived from the corresponding type and effect system, our selective DNT translates classical proofs into equivalent intuitionistic proofs, which are smaller than those obtained by the usual DNTs. We believe that our work can serve as a reference point for further study on the Curry-Howard isomorphism between CPS transformations and DNTs.


2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAYO THIELECKE

AbstractWe combine ideas from types for continuations, effect systems and monads in a very simple setting by defining a version of classical propositional logic in which double-negation elimination is combined with a modality. The modality corresponds to control effects, and it includes a form of effect masking. Erasing the modality from formulas gives classical logic. On the other hand, the logic is conservative over intuitionistic logic.


2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Mccarty

AbstractWe call a logic regular for a semantics when the satisfaction predicate for at least one of its nontheorems is closed under double negation. Such intuitionistic theories as second-order Heyting arithmetic HAS and the intuitionistic set theory IZF prove completeness for no regular logics, no matter how simple or complicated. Any extensions of those theories proving completeness for regular logics are classical, i.e., they derive the tertium non datur. When an intuitionistic metatheory features anticlassical principles or recognizes that a logic regular for a semantics is nonclassical, it proves explicitly that the logic is incomplete with respect to that semantics. Logics regular relative to Tarski, Beth and Kripke semantics form a large collection that includes propositional and predicate intuitionistic, intermediate and classical logics. These results are corollaries of a single theorem. A variant of its proof yields a generalization of the Gödel-Kreisel Theorem linking weak completeness for intuitionistic predicate logic to Markov's Principle.


Author(s):  
J. J. Hren ◽  
W. D. Cooper ◽  
L. J. Sykes

Small dislocation loops observed by transmission electron microscopy exhibit a characteristic black-white strain contrast when observed under dynamical imaging conditions. In many cases, the topography and orientation of the image may be used to determine the nature of the loop crystallography. Two distinct but somewhat overlapping procedures have been developed for the contrast analysis and identification of small dislocation loops. One group of investigators has emphasized the use of the topography of the image as the principle tool for analysis. The major premise of this method is that the characteristic details of the image topography are dependent only on the magnitude of the dot product between the loop Burgers vector and the diffracting vector. This technique is commonly referred to as the (g•b) analysis. A second group of investigators has emphasized the use of the orientation of the direction of black-white contrast as the primary means of analysis.


2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Lo Monaco ◽  
Florent Lheureux ◽  
Séverine Halimi-Falkowicz

Deux techniques permettent le repérage systématique du système central d’une représentation sociale: la technique de la mise en cause (MEC) et le modèle des schèmes cognitifs de base (SCB). Malgré cet apport, ces techniques présentent des inconvénients: la MEC, de par son principe de double négation, et les SCB, de par la longueur de passation. Une nouvelle technique a été développée: le test d’indépendance au contexte (TIC). Elle vise à rendre compte des caractères trans-situationnel ou contingent des éléments représentationnels, tout en présentant un moindre coût cognitif perçu. Deux objets de représentation ont été étudiés auprès d’une population étudiante. Les résultats révèlent que le TIC paraît, aux participants, cognitivement moins coûteux que la MEC. De plus, le TIC permet un repérage du noyau central identique à celui offert par la MEC.


Author(s):  
Peter Hopkins

The chapters in this collection explore the everyday lives, experiences, practices and attitudes of Muslims in Scotland. In order to set the context for these chapters, in this introduction I explore the early settlement of Muslims in Scotland and discuss some of the initial research projects that charted the settlement of Asians and Pakistanis in Scotland’s main cities. I then discuss the current situation for Muslims in Scotland through data from the 2011 Scottish Census. Following a short note about the significance of the Scottish context, in the final section, the main themes and issues that have been explored in research about Muslims in Scotland.


2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonneke L. IJsseldijk ◽  
Andrea Gröne ◽  
Sjoukje Hiemstra ◽  
Jeroen Hoekendijk ◽  
Lineke Begeman

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stringell ◽  
Dave Hill ◽  
Dafydd Rees ◽  
Ffion Rees ◽  
Padrig Rees ◽  
...  

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
M. Arshad Chaudhry

To improve farm incomes in developing countries, the foremost question that the farmer must address himself to is: what cropping pattern best uses the fixed resources in order to get the highest returns? During the last decade, the agricultural economists have shown great interest in applying the tools of linear programming to individual farms. Most of the studies conducted elsewhere have shown that, under existing cropping pattern, farm resources were not being utilized optimally on the small farms.[l, 4]. We conducted a survey in the canal-irrigated areas of the Punjab province of Pakistan1 to investigate into the same problem. This short note aims at identifying the opti¬mal cropping pattern and to estimate the increase in farm incomes as a result of a switch towards it on the sampled farms.


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