Disgust or Equality? Sexual Orientation and Indian Law
The landscape of laws regarding sexual orientation and same sex conduct is changing rapidly around the globe. In all of these changes, we can see the operation of a form of stigma and group discrimination that has disgust as a central component—people share an acute discomfort with features of their own body that remind them of their animality and mortality, and then project this disgust onto powerless minorities. Recent legal developments in India are of urgent human significance, but also appear to confirm this account of the operations of disgust in stigma and discrimination. In this chapter, Nussbaum details the historical background to India’s current struggle, showing how the Hindu Right and the legacy of Victorian British puritanism have fostered an ideology of disgust, forgetting the celebration of the body exemplified by Indian poet, philosopher, and choreographer Rabindranath Tagore. Nussbaum then analyses Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which criminalizes same sex intercourse, as well as the 2009 Naz Foundation case in which the Delhi High Court struck down this law, rejecting the ideology of disgust that it represented. Finally, Nussbaum discusses the recent Indian Supreme Court decision reversing this ruling, as well as some promising Indian legal developments for hijras and rights to privacy.