Newtonian Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Acceleration Field ◽  
Source Mass ◽  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
Tidal Acceleration

Having developed a framework for subsuming gravity into relativity, we examine how gravity behaves as a function of the source mass (Earth, Sun, etc.) and distance from that sourcemass.We develop Newton’s inverse‐square law of gravity, and we examine the consequences in terms of acceleration fields, potentials, escape velocities, and surface gravity. Chapter 17 will build on these ideas to show how orbits are used to probe gravity throughout the universe.We also develop a tool for exposing variations in the acceleration field: the tidal acceleration field in any region is defined as the acceleration field in that region minus the average acceleration. This enables us to restate Newton’s lawof gravity as: the acceleration arrows surrounding any point show a net convergence that is proportional to the density of mass at that point. Chapter 18 will use this to develop a frame‐independent law of gravity.

scholarly journals EXPLORING FIFTH FORCE INTERACTIONS WITH 18TH CENTURY TECHNOLOGY

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249-2254
Author(s):  
JASON H. STEFFEN
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Torsion Pendulum ◽  
Source Mass ◽  
Intermediate Range ◽  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
Fifth Force

Many theories which unify gravity with the other known forces of nature predict the existence of an intermediate-range "fifth force" similar to gravity. Such a force could be manifest as a deviation from the gravitational inverse-square law. Currently, at distances near 10-1 m, the inverse-square law is known to be correct to about one part per thousand. I present the design of an experiment that will improve this limit by two orders of magnitude. This is accomplished by constructing a torsion pendulum and source mass apparatus that are particularly insensitive to Newtonian gravity and, simultaneously, maximally sensitive to violations of the same.

scholarly journals A search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at nm range using a pulsed neutron beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Christopher Haddock ◽  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
Takashi Ino ◽  
Masaaki Kitaguchi ◽  
Kenji Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Slow Neutron ◽  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
Scattering Cross ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
Neutron Momentum ◽  
Scattering Cross Sections

Recently published results and ongoing experimental efforts to search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at the nanometer length scale using slow neutron scattering from the noble gases are discussed. Using the pulsed slow neutron beamline BL05 at the Materials and Life Sciences Facility at J-PARC, we measured the neutron momentum transfer (q) dependence of the differential scattering cross section for the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. By comparing to the distributions obtained using pseudo-experimental Monte Carlo simulations and forming ratios between Xe and He, we placed an upper bound on the strength of a new interaction as a function of interaction length λ which improved upon previous results in the region λ < 0.1 nm, and remains competitive in the larger λ region. Additionally we describe how we are using our technique to extract relative values of the total neutron scattering cross sections of the noble gases, as well as how we plan to measure the neutron-electron scattering length using the NOVA instrument on BL21 at J-PARC.

TESTING NEWTONIAN GRAVITY AT ULTRA-SHORT DISTANCES

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS E. KRAUSE ◽  
EPHRAIM FISCHBACH
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Electronic Effect ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Newton’S Law ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Schematic Design

The appearance of new fundamental forces and extra-dimensional modifications to gravity in extensions of the Standard Model has motivated considerable interest in testing Newtonian gravity at ultra-short distances (≲10-4 m ). New experiments which attempt to probe these distances will encounter formidable new obstacles, including large intermolecular forces, which could obscure weak new forces or small modifications to Newton's law of gravity. Here we will review the motivation for conducting such ultra-short distance gravity experiments, and discuss some of the new problems that may arise in future experiments. Finally, we suggest a schematic design for a null experiment which would address some of these problems using the "iso-electronic" effect.

scholarly journals Prospects for testing the inverse-square law and gravitomagnetism using quantum interference

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
Fayçal Hammad ◽  
Alexandre Landry ◽  
Kaleb Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Law Of Gravity

We examine a simple tabletop experimental setup for probing the inverse-square law of gravity and detecting eventual deviations therefrom. The nature of the setup allows indeed to effectively reach for shorter distances compared to what is allowed by other methods. Furthermore, we show that the same setup could also in principle be used to probe the interaction between gravitomagnetism and the intrinsic angular spin of quantum particles. Moreover, we show that the setup allows to have a gravitationally induced harmonic oscillator, introducing thus the possibility of studying in a novel way the interaction between gravity and quantum particles.

Testing the inverse-square law of gravity: a new class of torsion pendulum null experiments

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (6A) ◽  
pp. A97-A117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Moore ◽  
A Boudreaux ◽  
M DePue ◽  
J Guthrie ◽  
R Legere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Torsion Pendulum ◽  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
New Class ◽  
Law Of Gravity

scholarly journals Testing the inverse-square law of gravity on a 465-m tower

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (18) ◽  
pp. 1902-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas ◽  
P. Kasameyer ◽  
O. Fackler ◽  
D. Felske ◽  
R. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Square Law ◽  
Law Of Gravity
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