A Zookeeper’s Ecology

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lekan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Third ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the early career of Bernhard Grzimek, who became the director of the Frankfurt Zoo in 1945 after serving as a veterinarian and agricultural minister for the Third Reich. Grzimek became famous for transforming the zoo from a bombed-out shell into one of Europe’s most successful zoological gardens by combining insights from ethology and ecology to help the animals thrive in captivity. Behind his carefully crafted public image as savior of animals, however, Grzimek revealed in memoirs and writings about animal behavior a much darker self, haunted by fears of extinction, eugenic decline, and wartime displacement that signaled an inability to come to terms with his and his country’s Nazi experience. Grzimek’s concern about the spread of Western “degeneracy” to Africa explains the urgency of his quest to save animals and their habitats there—and the indifference he often displayed toward local and indigenous peoples who stood in the way of his pursuit.

Memory and the Cityscape: The German Architectural Debate about Postmodernism

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen James-Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

Few tools of Nazi propaganda were as potent or as permanent asarchitecture. At the instigation of Hitler, who had once aspired to bean architect, the Nazi regime placed unusual importance on thedesign of environments—whether cities, buildings, parade grounds, orhighways—that would glorify the Third Reich and express its dynamicrelationship to both the past and the future. Architecture and urbandesign were integral to the way the regime presented itself at homeand abroad. Newsreels supplemented direct personal experience ofmonumental buildings. Designed to last a thousand years, these edificesappeared to offer concrete testimony of the regime’s enduringcharacter. A more subtle integration of modern functions and vernacularforms, especially in suburban housing, suggested that technologicalprogress could coexist with an “organic” national communityrooted in a quasi-sacred understanding of the landscape.

Carin Fock-Göring’s Gravestone: Tracing the Legacy of the Swedish First Lady of the Third Reich

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Patrick Wen
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Public Image ◽  
First Lady ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Third Reich

This chapter takes a long view of the dynamic role played by the image of Carin Fock-Goering within the Nazi imagination before, during and after the Third Reich. Exploring and interrogating various constructions of imagined Swedishness and Aryanness within the Nazi propaganda machine, the chapter sheds light on the problematic, multivalent, mythologizing discourses surrounding the creation of the Fock “legend.” Her public image first functions as a paragon of total fealty to the Fuehrer and as a quasi-First Lady of the regime in the absence of a Mrs. Hitler. Fock’s curious posthumous legacy as an elevated and almost saintly ideal of womanhood within the Reich reveals much about how Sweden and Swedishness were imagined by the Third Reich. The postwar trajectory of the Fock “legend” signals a more overt expression of Sontag’s notion of “fascinating fascism” as seen through the macabre and highly fetishized fascination with and itinerary of her remains.

The Public Secret

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Eaglestone
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Way

The knowledge of the murder of the European Jews was a public secret in the Third Reich. What is a ‘public secret’? How does it shape or reshape a society? The answers to these questions are key to understanding the Holocaust and other genocides. However, the public secret is elusive because of its nature: when it is at its most powerful, it cannot be explicitly discussed; when it no longer holds such power, people deny their knowledge of it and complicity in its concealment. Both the ‘subjective experience’ of the public secret and its wider meaning are beyond the limits of the discipline of history and are better elucidated obliquely through a work of fiction: in this case Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go, a novel which reflects on the past in the way historians cannot. Significantly, the public secret and the consequences of complicity are important concepts for understanding the post-Holocaust world.

Shirer's History of Nazi Germany

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Epstein
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come

William shirer'sRise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York, 1960) has been widely hailed as a great work of history. Harry Schermann, chairman of the board of directors of the Book of the Month Club, says that it “will almost certainly come to be considered the definitive history of one of the most frightful chapters in the story of mankind.” The book has already sold more widely than any work on European history published in recent years. It is probable that tens of thousands of American readers will take theirviews on recent German affairs from Shirer's pages for years to come. For that reason, it is important to point out the serious shortcomings of this work.

scholarly journals The Controversy That Isn't: The Debate Over Daniel J. Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners in Comparative Perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAVRIEL D. ROSENFELD
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
To Come ◽  
Nazi Past

This article attempts to explain the heated controversy sparked by Daniel Goldhagen's bestselling book Hitler's Willing Executioners, by comparing it with its most obvious precedent: the international furor in 1960–62 over William Shirer's The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Through such a comparison, the Goldhagen controversy emerges as a relatively shallow event, largely driven by the book's own weaknesses and by media hype, that provides little of value for a deeper historical understanding of the Holocaust. At the same time, however, Goldhagen's surprising popularity in Germany does, in fact, signal a possible shift in the Germans' long postwar struggle to ‘come to terms' with the Nazi past.

scholarly journals „Pilkoji zona“ Lietuvos gyventojų repatriacijos ir filtravimo sistemoje 1944–1952 m.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021/1 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Regina Laukaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come

ANNOTATION. This article analyses the Soviet system of repatriation of Lithuanian citizens from the Third Reich, and the verification of their political credibility (filtration) in the Lithuanian SSR in 1944–1952. It aims to establish how people managed to come back and elude repatriation institutions and compulsory filtration procedures, how many people returned in this way, how they managed to adapt to the system, and how this group of people was treated by the regime’s internal affairs and security agencies. KEYWORDS: repatriation, filtration, war refugees, Soviet repatriation policy, verificationfiltration committees.

Human Rights in Africa: Toward the Definition of the Problem of a Double Standard

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Laurie S. Wiseberg
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

In August 1936, 4,069 athletes from forty-nine countries participated in the Olympic Games in Berlin, hosted by the Nazi Fuehrer. It is true that the full bestiality of the Third Reich was not yet manifest in 1936; the gas ovens, the slave labor camps, and the rape of Europe were yet to come. However, by that year, Nazi ideology had already been articulated: blacks, Jews and gypsies had been declared sub-human; Hitler had issed his Nuremburg Laws depriving Jews of their citizenship and civil rights; German rearmament was well underway; and the National Socialists had brutally consolidated a racist despotism.

Destructive Villain or Gigantic Hero?

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Stefan Danter
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
German Film ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mad Scientist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Way

In “Caligari,” reprinted from Siegfried Kracauer’s hugely influential monograph From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of German Film, Kracauer details the history of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, the German Expressionist masterpiece that established the cinematic template for the “mad scientist” character trope. In particular, Kracauer outlines the process by which “a revolutionary film was thus turned into a conformist one,” both presaging and helping to pave the way, in his estimation, for rise of the Third Reich.

The Outlaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Uwe Hohendahl
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
Post War ◽  
German People ◽  
Liberal Moralism

The first chapter focuses on Schmitt’s post-war diaries (Glossarium) and a number of small essays written between 1946 and 1949. In these works Schmitt seeks to come to terms with the defeat of the Third Reich, his own fate as a well-known collaborator, and the situation of the German people. The reading underscores Schmitt’s resistance to the admission of guilt and analyses his strategies to present himself as the victim of liberal moralism. At the centre of the inquiry stands Schmitt’s complex and conflicted self-definition in religious, political and professional terms.

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