Great Expectations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Robert Douglas-Fairhurst
Keyword(s):  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theatrical Adaptation

‘You are to understand, Mr. Pip, that the name of the person who is your liberal benefactor remains a profound secret.’ Young Pip lives with his sister and her husband the blacksmith, with few prospects for advancement until a mysterious benefaction takes him from the Kent marshes to London. Pip is haunted by figures from his past - the escaped convict Magwitch, the time-withered Miss Havisham and her proud and beautiful ward, Estella - and in time uncovers not just the origins of his great expectations but the mystery of his own heart. A powerful and moving novel, Great Expectations is suffused with Dickens’s memories of the past and its grip on the present, and it raises disturbing questions about the extent to which individuals affect each other’s lives. This edition includes a lively introduction, Dickens’s working notes, the novel’s original ending, and an extract from an early theatrical adaptation. It reprints the definitive Clarendon text.

A Contemporary View of Salivary Research

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin D. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Function

The past 50 years of salivary research has been marked by a series of changing perceptions as new techniques and technologies have illuminated the complexities of the secretory mechanism, salivary composition, and function. The modem era began with the innovations of electrophoresis, chromatography, histochemistry, immunochemistry, electron microscopy, and microphysiology. The idea of saliva as primarily a digestive fluid composed of salts, amylase, and mucin was rapidly broadened to encompass a wide spectrum of protective proteins with the dual responsibility of protecting both hard and soft tissues. Characterization of the secretory IgA and nonimmunological antibacterial systems and the proteins responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels dominated the research in the 1960s and 1970s. An appreciation of the nature, formation, and role of the salivary pellicle and the interplay between bacterial adherence and agglutination provided a clinical thrust. Morphologists and physiologists redefined the secretory process on a molecular level. The 1980s saw the union of structure and function, both in terms of synthesis and release of the secretory products and their specific roles in the oral cavity in health and disease. The excitement of the 1990s is in the genetic control of processes and products, elucidating the mechanisms, and using the information to improve on nature: an era of great expectations and hubris. This article is essentially a personal guided tour through the past 50 years of salivary research.

scholarly journals Insights into therapeutic products, preclinical research models, and clinical trials in cardiac regenerative and reparative medicine: where are we now and the way ahead. Current opinion paper of the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Grigorian-Shamagian ◽  
Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz ◽  
Andreu Climent ◽  
Lina Badimon ◽  
Lucio Barile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Clinical Potential

Abstract Great expectations have been set around the clinical potential of regenerative and reparative medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [i.e. in particular, heart failure (HF)]. Initial excitement, spurred by encouraging preclinical data, resulted in a rapid translation into clinical research. The sobering outcome of the resulting clinical trials suggests that preclinical testing may have been insufficient to predict clinical outcome. A number of barriers for clinical translation include the inherent variability of the biological products and difficulties to develop potency and quality assays, insufficient rigour of the preclinical research and reproducibility of the results, manufacturing challenges, and scientific irregularities reported in the last years. The failure to achieve clinical success led to an increased scrutiny and scepticism as to the clinical readiness of stem cells and gene therapy products among clinicians, industry stakeholders, and funding bodies. The present impasse has attracted the attention of some of the most active research groups in the field, which were then summoned to analyse the position of the field and tasked to develop a strategy, to re-visit the undoubtedly promising future of cardiovascular regenerative and reparative medicine, based on lessons learned over the past two decades. During the scientific retreat of the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE) in November 2018, the most relevant and timely research aspects in regenerative and/or reparative medicine were presented and critically discussed, with the aim to lay out a strategy for the future development of the field. We report herein the main ideas and conclusions of that meeting.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Mystery of Canavan Disease: A 100 Year Chronicle of Key Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Canavan Disease ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Northeastern Europe

In the early 1900’s, in a small geographical region in northeastern Europe, a mysterious early-onset human malady was brought to the attention of physicians. In this disease, children appeared normal at birth and met usual developmental milestones up to the age of about 4-5 months. At that time, infants began to lose muscle tone and could no longer control their head movements. The disease was progressive, and by age 2, characterized by enlargement of the head, spastic responses to stimulation, and a general listlessness. By age 3, blindness was apparent and there was extension and posturing of limbs due to uncontrolled muscle contractions. Death usually occurred between ages 3-4. In large family’s common at that time, there could be 2-3 afflicted children out of a total of 8-9 siblings. There is no metric to measure pain and suffering of CD children, but we can measure progress made over the past century in solving the mystery. At the present time, there are great expectations that a human cure is possible since a mouse model of CD was recently shown to be completely cured by an unusual genetic engineering outcome. In this short review are chronicled key findings made over the past 100 + years that have led to identification of the genetic and cellular etiology of CD, and the reasons for such encouragement.

scholarly journals The Emancipation from the Past: Bakhtin’s Carnival in the Mirror of Soviet Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Borys Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Great Fear ◽  
Damaged Life ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Intellectual Product

In this article an attempt is made to place Bakhtin’s case in the context of the Soviet 1960s with their specific mental world. The study question is why this almost forgotten figure of the 1920s has become a proper man in a proper place in time of transition from Stalin’s Great Fear to Khrushchov’s liberalization with its continuation till 1968 and how this resurrection from the dead occured. The virtues and scientific significance of Bakhtin’s works are doubtless and undeniable. But there is something else that helps to explain Bakhtin’s phenomenon and its popularity. His readers mentality determines the fate of books and the spreading of ideas. The sixties witnessed the unprecedented success of Bakhtin’s books. They changed the vocabulary of humanities and the mode of thinking in the generation of so-called Thaw. Bakhtin became one of the most influential figures of the sixties and greatly stimulated the emergence of the new trend known as culturology. Bakhtin’s Rabelais was a special success. This text can be read on different levels and interpreted in many ways. Its content combines such genres as literary criticism, the history of culture, and philosophy. The readers of the sixties paid special attention to Bakhtin’s vision of popular culture with its central image of carnival and were especially sensitive and receptive for the concept of Laughing Renaissance as a spiritual twin of Thaw which had Marxist roots, not Bakhtin’s. Thanks to the complexity of the text’s possible interpretation, Bakhtin was mistakenly considered as an ideologist of Thaw, and his Rabelais – as an intellectual product of this historical moment full of optimism, great expectations and hopes. Bakhtin was read by the generation of the 1960s in accordance with its mentality, its pursuit of a new form of “Socialism with human face” when left and even Marxist ideas dominated in the non-conformist discourse. But all of that had little in common with authentic Bakhtin who could share neither this philosophical worldview nor the illusions of the 1960s. The view of laughter as a kind of social therapy and as a means of emancipation in society was far from Bakhtin’s. He fully realized the demonic nature of carnival and saw it as his ambivalent ally from hell hostile to every kind of ideocracy. His readers who had invented Renaissance as a prototype of their time and the first Thaw in history misunderstood the inner intentions of Bakhtin himself. But doing this quite unconsciously, they gave the first and triumphant life for the outstanding scientific and philosophical text on Rabelais written by the person of a damaged life from the past.

scholarly journals Beton Ltd.: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2021-1) ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
Branko Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
Effective Collaboration ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
Special Case

The paper focuses on Beton Ltd., a theatre collective comprised of three actors, Primož Bezjak, Branko Jordan and Katarina Stegnar, established in 2010. Beton Ltd. emerged on the Slovenian performing arts scene with a collective approach to theatre-making and is thus a special case as far as non-hierarchical and collective production models in Slovenia are concerned. In the last ten years, Beton Ltd. has created seven performances: So Far Away: Introduction to Ego-logy (2010); I Say What I am Told to Say (2012); Everything We’ve Lost, While We’ve Gone on Living (2013); Revolting Man (2014); Ich kann nicht anders (2016); Große Erwartungen/Great Expectations (2018) and Mahlzeit (2019). Through introspective self-analysis, the paper elaborates on the necessary preconditions for the formation of a collective, as well as the conditions necessary for effective collaboration in performance making, combining a short historical overview of the case in question, including specific collaborative strategies developed by Beton Ltd. during the past decade.

scholarly journals Pip’s Ego Oscillations in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Bechir Saoudi ◽  
Lama Fahad Al-Eid ◽  
Noura Mohammed Al-Break ◽  
Rahaf Saad Al-Samih ◽  
Tarfah Abdullah Al-Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Research Project ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Common Life ◽  
High Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Main Components

This research project studies Pip’s ego fluctuations in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. Freud’s division of the human psyche into id, ego and superego is appropriate for the analysis of the rise and fall of the hero in his pursuit to attain gentlemanhood. Four main questions have been addressed: First, what makes up Pip’s id? Second, what are the main components of his superego? Third, does Pip’s ego succeed or fail in striking a balance between his id and superego? In what ways does it fail? And fourth, how does Pip’s ego eventually succeed in striking a balance between his id and superego? The study finds out that Pip’s id is demonstrated through his fascination with high-class lifestyle and relinquishment of common life. It shows that his superego is constructed from the hurdles that prevent him from pursuing gentlemanhood, namely past common life restraints and present high class deficiencies. It also demonstrates how Pip’s faulty ego comes as a result of his frustration at high class lifestyles and resentment of his old common life. The study eventually reveals that two important factors contribute to the success of Pip’s ego: His reconciliation with the past and appreciation of the present in order to have more realistic expectations of the future.

scholarly journals The Redshift-Magnitude Relation for Radio Galaxies

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harding E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Hubble Diagram ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Luminosity Evolution ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Radio Power

We examine the Hubble diagram for radio galaxies and compare radio galaxies and first-ranked cluster galaxies as cosmological test objects. Radio source identification programs are now producing reliable identifications with galaxies as faint as V ≈ 23 and spectroscopy of these objects has already resulted in the discovery of galaxies with redshifts as high as 0.75, thus there are great expectations for progress in the near future. As in the past, indeterminate corrections, notably luminosity evolution and a possible correlation between radio power and optical luminosity, preclude the determination of qo.

scholarly journals Exhaustion, Distribution and Communication to the Public – The CJEU’s Decision C-263/18 – Tom Kabinet on E-Books and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Ansgar Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Law ◽  
Communication To The Public ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distribution Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Digital Exhaustion

Abstract In its Tom Kabinet decision,****See the text of the decision in this issue of GRUR International at DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikaa041. The author wishes to thank Aaron Stumpf, Stefan Scheuerer and Laura Valtere for fruitful discussions. the CJEU took a further step in dealing with digital facts under the InfoSoc Directive. This decision on the sale of ‘second-hand’ e-books through a website has set a number of things in motion: besides distinguishing between the distribution right and the right of communication to the public, the decision also affects the exhaustion doctrine and the coherence of European copyright law. In the past few years, discussions about the so-called ‘digital exhaustion’ and related issues have increased enormously. A few days before Christmas 2019, the CJEU published its long-awaited judgment in case C-263/18, also known as Tom Kabinet, in which it decided that the sale of ‘second-hand’ e-books through a website constitutes communication to the public and therefore requires the consent of the rightholder. This opinion gives insights into why the Tom Kabinet decision was so eagerly awaited, what exactly was decided and whether the CJEU’s decision could fulfil these great expectations.

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