Career Guidance: Living on the Edge of Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCarthy ◽  
Tibor Bors Borbély-Pecze
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education And Employment

Public policy formation and implementation for career guidance provision are complex issues, not least because in most countries career guidance is a peripheral part of legislation for education, employment, and social inclusion. Policy solutions are compromises by nature. Regulations and economic incentives are the main policy instruments for career guidance provision, but there is often incoherence between the intentions of the regulations and the economic incentives provided for policy implementation. The intermediary organizations that serve to implement policy add significant variability to policy effects. International bodies and organizations have shown significant interest in the role of career guidance in education and employment policies through the undertaking of policy reviews, the formulation of recommendations for career guidance, and, in some cases, providing economic incentives to support their implementation. However, there is a dearth of evaluation studies of policy formation and implementation at the national level.

Consulting Stakeholders?

2011 ◽  
pp. 328-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Vasileiadou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Linear Problems ◽  
Modes Of Governance

The participation of stakeholders in policy formation has increased, based on the recognition that policy-makers today face increasingly complex and non-linear problems, requiring flexible modes of governance. In this chapter, I analyse the role of formalised stakeholder consultations in EU energy policy and their potential of integrating climate change issues. More specifically, I empirically investigate how stakeholder consultation processes influenced the formation of the EU Energy Communication of 2007. The analysis shows that there was limited diversity of participation in consultations, as actors from civil society or NGOs were not included. Moreover, the role of scientific knowledge in the consultations was minimal. Actors at the regional and sub-national level are generally ignored in such formalised consultation processes. Recommendations for EU policymakers and organisers of consultations are provided.

The role of the Market in Career Counselling Delivery

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Watts ◽  
Tony Watts
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
New Right ◽  
Market Maker ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

This article explores the roles of public policy in career guidance delivery. Traditionally, most career guidance services have been structured towards the provision of social welfare to the public sector. The New Right critique of this has led to attempts to apply market principles to guidance delivery. This can take the form of a market or quasi-market in guidance. However, guidance can also be viewed as a market-maker: a means of making the labour market and education and training markets work more effectively. Some experiments in applying these principles in the UK and elsewhere are analysed.

Knowledge Production and R&D

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Design Phase

Who produces scientific and technical knowledge these days? What type of knowledge is being produced, and for what purposes? This chapter studies the role of public policy in knowledge production (especially R&D activities) relevant for the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems. It identifies four typical policy-related obstacles and barriers related to knowledge production in an innovation system. Next, it elaborates a set of overall criteria for the selection and design of relevant policy instruments addressing those unbalances. Most importantly, the chapter argues that in most countries innovation policy continues to be subsumed under research policy. An holistic and problem-oriented innovation policy requires that innovation policy and research policy are separated from each other in the design phase—but it must be ensured that they support each other when implemented (in the same way as many other policy areas have to be coordinated with each other).

Partisan brand name building and deficit politics: examining the role of power sharing on party issue consistency

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Lynch ◽  
Anthony J. Madonna
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Party Voting

AbstractScholars of political parties frequently note that a party's candidates are aided by the presence of a consistent and favourable party brand name. We argue that partisan success in maintaining a consistent position on important policy issues hinges on how their role in the government motivates their strategies about public policy formation. Specifically, when parties share control of government institutions, parties need to balance their electoral interest in promoting a consistent brand name with the need to generate public policy that leads to effective governance. When control is held by one party, the costs and benefits of effective governance are born entirely by the majority, absolving both parties of the need to compromise on the substance of policy. By employing item response theory methods to assess patterns of party voting on deficit issues, we find strong support for these hypotheses.

scholarly journals A Mathematical and Conceptual Model Regarding Social Inclusion and Social Leverage

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Giovanni E. Reyes ◽  
Mark Govers ◽  
Dirk Ruwaard
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract This article discusses a comprehensive conceptual mathematical model to specify main theoretical concepts and their relationships, regarding social inclusion and social leverage. The particular elements of the model are related to: (i) key aspects of theoretical principles; (ii) major links among principal aspects; and (iii) interrelations regarding social and economic issues within any particular society. One of the principal aims of this research is going beyond the strictly economic elements, to complement a more holistic perspective with social aspects and public policy. This study is part of a broader research project that studies social investment in Latin America, particularly focused in the health sector. More specifically, this study will identify relationships between variables and indicators of social inclusion and social leverage, as basis for carrying out empirical studies on investments that Latin American countries make in health services. The model presented here allows the identification of elements of differentiated public policy, the role of public services aimed to assist especially the most vulnerable social sectors and the support of such services in relation to a country's competitiveness, social well-being and sustainable basis of human development.

Consensus Formation: The Creation of an Ideology

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TRISTRAM ENGELHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Consensus Formation ◽  
Moral Issues

Bioethics is not merely a theoretical discipline but a practice as well. Indeed, bioethics is a sort of moral trade. Bioethicists serve on ethics committees, give expert testimony to courts, provide guidance for healthcare policy, and receive payment for these services. The difficulty is that their role as experts able to guide clinical choice and public policy formation is brought into question by the diversity of moral understandings regarding central moral issues at the heart of the culture wars in healthcare. The disconfirmation of the expert role of bioethicists by their apparent actual role as partisans of particular moral schools and perspectives could be set aside, were there an avenue to moral consensus, a door to a common moral vision to guide this new profession of moral experts. This brief article addresses the hunger for consensus in bioethics, its impossibility with respect to the controversial issues that mark the field, and the inclination nevertheless to deny this manifest diversity by appeals to a consensus that could allow bioethicists to function as ethics experts able substantively to guide clinical choices and public policy.

scholarly journals Smart and Age-Friendly Cities in Romania: An Overview of Public Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Ivan ◽  
Dorin Beu ◽  
Joost van Hoof
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy And Practice

The role of smart cities in order to improve older people’s quality of life, sustainability and opportunities, accessibility, mobility, and connectivity is increasing and acknowledged in public policy and private sector strategies in countries all over the world. Smart cities are one of the technological-driven initiatives that may help create an age-friendly city. Few research studies have analysed emerging countries in terms of their national strategies on smart or age-friendly cities. In this study, Romania which is predicted to become one of the most ageing countries in the European Union is used as a case study. Through document analysis, current initiatives at the local, regional, and national level addressing the issue of smart and age-friendly cities in Romania are investigated. In addition, a case study is presented to indicate possible ways of the smart cities initiatives to target and involve older adults. The role of different stakeholders is analysed in terms of whether initiatives are fragmentary or sustainable over time, and the importance of some key factors, such as private–public partnerships and transnational bodies. The results are discussed revealing the particularities of the smart cities initiatives in Romania in the time frame 2012–2020, which to date, have limited connection to the age-friendly cities agenda. Based on the findings, a set of recommendations are formulated to move the agenda forward.

scholarly journals Strategic Communication in Cultural Organizations, the Landscape Museum

2021 ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Maria João Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Cultural Organizations

This chapter intends to explore the role of strategic communication in cultural organizations, presenting the Landscape Museum. Since the field of strategic communication does not have a unifying conceptual framework (Hallahan et al., 2007), this work intends to explore one of the various communication pursuits: building and maintaining relationships or networks through dialogue. The Landscape Museum’s mission is to contribute to the development of a landscape citizenship, awakening a critical and participatory sense in citizens. The museum has been trying to achieve it by building and maintaining strong and permanent relationships through dialogue. Since “strategic communication also includes examining how an organization presents itself in society as a social actor in the creation of public culture and in the discussion of public issues” (Hallahan et al., 2007, p. 27) and considering Self’s (2015) proposal for dialogue, it “is not just about achieving consensus, but facilitates debate and advocacy in public policy formation” (p. 74), this chapter presents how the Landscape Museum specifically through its educational service has been promoting the acceptance, through dialogue, of ideas related to landscape’s protection and valorization and thus contributing to landscape citizenship.

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