Public Policy Instruments Selected in Policy Implementation Prostitution Prevention and Revocation in Surabaya City

This study aims to analyze public policy instruments chosen in the implementation of prostitution prevention and repetition policies in the city of Surabaya. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with a focus of research analyzing Voluntary Model Instruments, Mixed Model Instruments and Mandatory Instruments (Regulations). Novelty (novelty) of this research is to see the reality of the problem of prostitution by looking at the public policy instruments chosen in the implementation of prostitution prevention and repetition policies. The results showed that from the voluntary model instrument, commercial sex workers (CSWs) had been given skills training as well as spiritual spray/recitation on a regular basis to then be repatriated to their home areas with compensation. But not all sex workers want compensation. Residents of Dolly and Jarak held a bulletin board after hundreds of residents burned tires in the middle of the road as a refusal.

Floods in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and lessons for French flood risk governance

France experiences catastrophic floods on a yearly basis, with significant societal impacts. In this study, we use multiple sources (insurance datasets, scientific articles, satellite data, and grey literature) to (1) analyze modern flood disasters in the PACA Region; (2) discuss the efficiency of French public policy instruments; (3) perform a SWOT analysis of French flood risk governance (FRG); and (4) suggest improvements to the FRG framework. Despite persistent government efforts, the impacts of flood events in the region have not lessened over time. Identical losses in the same locations are observed after repeated catastrophic events. Relative exposure to flooding has increased in France, apparently due to intense urbanization of flood-prone land. We suggest that the French FRG could benefit from the following improvements: (1) regular updates of risk prevention plans and tools; (2) the adoption of a build back better logic; (3) taking undeclared damages into account in flood risk models; (4) better communication between the actors at the different steps of each cycle (preparation, control, organization, etc.); (5) better communication between those responsible for risk prevention, emergency management, and disaster recovery; (6) an approach that extends the risk analysis outside the borders of the drainage basin; and (7) increased participation in FRG from local populations.

Incentives and disincentives for employment growth in the Russian small and medium-sized enterprise sector

Subject. I investigate the specifics of the State support impact on changes and structure of employment in the Russian sector of small and medium-sized businesses. Objectives. The aim is to identify factors and conditions that have a stimulating and limiting effect on changes in employment indicators in the said sector. Methods. The hypothesis of the study is that the change in the formal employment scale in the medium-term is determined by factors in the external business environment and the costs-benefits ratio of activities in the informal sector. To test the hypothesis, I perform a comparative analysis of scientific research results, study the data of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, and surveys of small businesses. The article employs the classification of business regulation methods, which can be divided into support measures and incentive instruments of direct and indirect influence. Results. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis in general, and made it possible to identify the factors of the dynamics and restructuring of employment. During 2016–2019, insufficient market demand and high degree of risk influenced the dynamics of the number of employees of SMEs more than indirect effects of government support measures. Public policy instruments stimulating employment were targeted, primarily, at sole proprietors and self-employed. In 2020, the government used new instruments to encourage and support employment, which proved to be efficient. Conclusions. It seems realistic to achieve the national target of the number of employed in the considered sector by 2024.

Assessing socio-technical resistance to public policy instruments: Insights from water performance indicators in the Grenoble area (France)

This article puts forward the notion of socio-technical resistance with an application to the regulation through performance indicators in the water sector. Governance failures are mainly explained by concentrating on governance design, considering regulation as a set of control mechanisms. We propose an alternative perspective by putting the emphasis on socio-technical resistance to take into account both human and non-human actors in the governance process. We observe the misuse of performance indicators by local actors in urban water systems in Europe to highlight the empirical significance of socio-technical resistance. Results support that socio-technical resistance is frequent and reduces significantly the reliability of the information gathered through performance indicators. Drawing on a new typology of resistance, we show socio-technical resistance is a dynamic combination of cognitive, interpretative, territorial, strategic, technical and structural factors. These results and the proposed notion underline a crucial limitation of public policies and regulation in the process of policy-instruments implementation and compliance. Empirically, it reveals particularly relevant to provide new insights on New public management and performance-based regulation, where measurement are crucial.

Descentralización de la oferta turística como estrategia de competitividad urbana. Programas de "Barrio" en la Ciudad de México y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

The article is a comparative study of a series of recent public policy instruments aimed at the devel‑ opment of tourism in the City of Mexico and Buenos Aires. The interest of the work lies in its revealing that al‑ though these two cities have different political orientations, the strategies and structures used are essentially similar, aimed at making tourism into a competitive resource for economic, social and cultural development, through its de‑centralisation in neighborhoods far from the traditional circuits, in order to augment the pos‑ sibilities for tourism on offer. It works from the growing business perspective of tourism as a local participatory process, of governance, and shoes how this model can be applied in very different places, allowing for possible intervention of local authorities in the re‑valorisation of their area as private promoters of tourism.

OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a much broader concept than just enterprises, and additionally include individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. SMEs in a broad sense are precisely the sector that is seen in the EU and around the world as a key component of national security and a key element of employment. SMEs is a guarantee social stability and are an important element of innovative development and, accordingly, significantly affect the success of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of SME development in Ukraine is generally proportional to the state of SME development in the EU, but the regulatory conditions for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises still do not fully meet the requirements and standards that should ensure economic growth. Therefore, in Ukraine the process of accumulation and understanding of the world experience of developed countries in the field of procedures for the formation of state policy on SMEs is becoming increasingly important. And the first stage of this process is the proper definition of the object of regulation - that is, the development of unambiguous terminology and criteries - which economic subjects belong to the group of micro, small and medium. The article considers the stages of development of a modern classification of SMEs in Ukraine, presents the positive and negative components of this process. The process of bringing the classification of SMEs in Ukraine in line with European practice is analyzed. Peculiarities of SME classification in the context of formation of state support programs are considered. The expediency of adopting the classifier of economic activities (KVED:2010) in the form of the law of Ukraine has been studied (at this time - as normative act of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine). The article shows that in most developed countries the classification of SMEs is not completely universal for different policies (fiscal, support policy, export, etc.) - and even within one country, different classifiers of SMEs can be used. Therefore, the emphasis is not on the formal compliance of SMEs with certain criteria, but on a meaningful understanding of the qualitative and fundamental differences between micro and small and medium-sized businesses. And the definition that public policy towards micro, small and medium-sized businesses has qualitatively different goals and should use different public policy instruments.

GEOGRAPHY OF OPPORTUNITY AND RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF A U.S. HOUSING MARKET

South Florida has been among the top foreclosure markets in the United States, but little research has explored whether this market presents different dynamics compared to other metropolitan areas. This research chooses Broward County to explore whether socioeconomic characteristics and certain public policy instruments relate to subprime lending and mortgage foreclosure patterns. Results indicate areas bounded by linear highways and railroads have a concentration of low-income black population and subprime loans. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is mostly explained by a higher percentage of minority and/or Hispanic population in a neighborhood. Yet, racial minorities, instead of Hispanic origin, contributes mostly to the concentration of subprime loans. The spatial pattern of foreclosures is more complex, determined not only by subprime loans but also possibly other factors associated with the mortgage crisis. This suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods are disproportionally lacking favorable opportunities due to institutional and sub- cultural forces shaping the geography of subprime and foreclosure.

USING EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS TOOLS TO MEASURE SOCIAL ADDED VALUE: A CASE STUDY

Experimental economics is a research tool, where information collected in conducted experiments is used to verify the validity of economic theories, estimate the size of the studied effect or highlight the market mechanism. Economic experiments usually use money (virtual or real) to motivate participants to imitate the real incentives that occur in real markets. Experiments are used to understand how and why markets and other exchange systems operate in this way. The purpose of this chapter is to use the achievements of experimental economics to assess social added value that arises in the course of the production and delivery of public goods and to verify the effectiveness of public policy instruments that can stimulate such social added value. The article consists of (1) conceptual and methodological part, in which the details of the experiment were presented, (2) description of the research sample and (3) analysis of the results of the experiment together with developed conclusions and indications for further research on this issue. The conclusions of this article can be used in business practice in the process of programming by public authorities of instruments supporting specific public policies. Keywords: social added value, experimental economy, social good, social capital.