Selection of Entertainment Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Kate T. Luong ◽  
Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Sad Music ◽  
Selection Of

The current chapter first reviews the theoretical propositions of and empirical evidence for mood management theory (MMT, Zillmann, 1988a), which proposes that media users select media messages in order to hedonically optimize their mood; namely, to increase the valence and regulate the arousal of their moods, and to avoid content relevant to negative moods. However, media users do sometimes select messages (e.g., tragedy movies or sad music) contrary to the predictions of MMT. Thus, we complement this perspective by reviewing a more recent model, the selective exposure self- and affect-management (SESAM) model (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2015), which shares methodological roots with MMT and focuses on how media users select messages not only to improve their moods but also to manage their self-concepts and fulfill their self-related motivations. Finally, future directions for selective exposure research are discussed.

The role of affect and mood management in selective exposure to media messages

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Robinson ◽  
Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick
Keyword(s):  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Media Messages

Toward a Person × Situation Model of Selective Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Mihye Seo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Situation Model ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Online News ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Selection Behavior ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
News Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present study attempted to predict selective exposure to media messages as a function of personality and situation, which has rarely been examined in prior relevant research. Employing a quasi-experimental method, the interplay between prevailing perceived threat from the economic crisis that started in 2008 and each of the two personality types when dealing with threat – repression and sensitization – was examined to predict online news selection behavior, as unobtrusively recorded. A significant interaction between perceived threat and sensitization tendency was obtained for both the selection of financial crisis-related news and avoidance of financial crisis-unrelated news. The implications of this exclusive pattern of online news selection behavior are discussed.

Dying to Watch

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laramie D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Sexual Values ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Sexual Cognitions ◽  
Sexual Media

Research has shown that thoughts about death influence sexual cognitions and some media choices. The present study tested the hypothesis that thoughts about death may affect individuals’ tendency to select or avoid entertainment media programming containing sexual material. In two experiments, thoughts about death (mortality salience [MS]) were manipulated before college undergraduates expressed interest in viewing television shows and movies with varying amounts of sexual content. In both studies, MS was associated with greater overall interest in sexual media content. Although terror management theory would indicate that sexual worldview should moderate this effect, this was not observed to be the case. In addition, MS was not found to affect interest in other types of highly engaging media content including violent and dramatic content. Limitations regarding generalizability are discussed. Results suggest that MS increases a preference for sexual media content, and that this occurs for individuals with diverse sexual values systems. This is discussed in terms of implications for terror management theory and cognitive models of media influence.

Dialecticism across the Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
Dialectical Thought

Before dialecticism became a topic of empirical inquiry in cultural psychology, scholars in related disciplines had discussed dialecticism as a model of human development, as an essential component of maturity and wisdom. This chapter bridges these two perspectives, comparing conceptualizations of dialecticism in developmental and cultural psychology. After reviewing historical portrayals of dialecticism in various philosophical traditions, the chapter provides a comparison of historical characterizations with the contemporary treatment of dialecticism in human development and cultural psychology. Both streams—developmental and cross-cultural—are proposed as essential for an integral understanding of the construct. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the emerging developmental models of dialecticism across the lifespan and reviews the accompanying empirical evidence, situating it in a cross-cultural context. It concludes with an outline of future directions of research on dialectical thought, with attention to psychological and sociocultural processes engendering dialecticism across the lifespan.

Interpreting testing and assessment: A state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222110361
Author(s):  
Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Professional Certification ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Assessment Tasks ◽  
Interpreter Education ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past decade, testing and assessing spoken-language interpreting has garnered an increasing amount of attention from stakeholders in interpreter education, professional certification, and interpreting research. This is because in these fields assessment results provide a critical evidential basis for high-stakes decisions, such as the selection of prospective students, the certification of interpreters, and the confirmation/refutation of research hypotheses. However, few reviews exist providing a comprehensive mapping of relevant practice and research. The present article therefore aims to offer a state-of-the-art review, summarizing the existing literature and discovering potential lacunae. In particular, the article first provides an overview of interpreting ability/competence and relevant research, followed by main testing and assessment practice (e.g., assessment tasks, assessment criteria, scoring methods, specificities of scoring operationalization), with a focus on operational diversity and psychometric properties. Second, the review describes a limited yet steadily growing body of empirical research that examines rater-mediated interpreting assessment, and casts light on automatic assessment as an emerging research topic. Third, the review discusses epistemological, psychometric, and practical challenges facing interpreting testers. Finally, it identifies future directions that could address the challenges arising from fast-changing pedagogical, educational, and professional landscapes.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

Modeling of Selection of Relevant Cues in Rats: Effects of Task Complexity and Lesions of Medial Prefrontal Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Svoboda ◽  
K. Blahna ◽  
P. Telensky ◽  
J. Bures ◽  
A. Stuchlik
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Place Avoidance ◽  
Selection Of

One of key features of cognitive processing in both humans and animals is to select relevant stimuli. Several rodent spatial paradigms proved to be useful in biological psychiatric research. A place avoidance task has been previously used in animal model of cognitive deficits in psychosis.Here we present modifications of the place avoidance paradigm, assessing the ability of selecting appropriate cues at various levels of task complexity. Moreover, we present a pilot experiment showing an effect of lesion to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on those tasks. Generally, the place avoidance apparatus consists of a circular arena elevated 1m above the floor. Rats are trained to avoid an unmarked forbidden sector, entering which is punished by mild footshocks. The sector can be defined with respect to the room or arena frame, which can be dissociated by arena rotation. Moreover, we studied an ability of rats to avoid the place defined by salient rotating object.The results showed that animals with mPFC lesion were capable of avoiding a place defined either by distal of by proximal cues, similarly as controls. However, both control and mPFC-lesioned rats had difficulties to avoid a place surrounding moving salient object. The performance increased whenever the rat was passively rotated with the arena, suggesting that vestibular stimulation enhanced the directed attention to an object. The poster will discuss the present findings and outline the future directions with emphasis on their utilization in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.Supported by GACR grants 309/07/0341 and 309/06/1231.

scholarly journals Work ethic and degrowth in a changing Atlantic Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Foster
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article draws on interviews, observations, and surveys from two mixed-methods sociological studies of people's relationships to paid and unpaid work to argue that the concept of the work ethic is a fruitful entrypoint for exploring critical issues of work, leisure and consumption in rural places, and indeed anywhere there are efforts to realize degrowth strategies. Then, I survey some of the major themes about work in a selection of widely-cited degrowth writings and argue that the work ethic could use more attention—particularly the question of how the dominant work ethic at any place and time might constrain or enable degrowth as a political-ecological aspiration. This question is actually a hopeful one, because it suggests that in-depth studies of instances where something other than the Protestant, capitalist (i.e. expansion-oriented) work ethic dominates can (and already do!) show us the kinds of culturally-embedded relationships to work that are complimentary to a degrowth agenda. Moreover, such studies show that alternative modes of working are viable. In other words, sociological and anthropological studies can provide empirical evidence that vibrant, meaningful human life can continue in the absence of constant economic growth. Keywords: Degrowth, employment, work, work ethic, sociology, anthropology, rural

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