‘Saving’ the Jews of the Diaspora

2021 ◽  
pp. 561-585
Author(s):  
Lisa Moses Leff ◽  
Nathan A. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Work ◽  
International Aid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

Jewish international aid is largely a modern phenomenon in which Jews reach out in solidarity to offer aid to their brethren suffering elsewhere in the diaspora. The flow of aid has, with few exceptions, travelled from West to East, with highly assimilated Jews in Europe and the United States leading the charge. The form of activism they developed has roots in Jewish traditions, but is also inspired by traditions of secular humanitarianism shared with non-Jews across the West, including the imperial “civilizing mission.” In the nineteenth century, Jewish international activists sought to transform the lives of Jews through education and campaigns for greater civil and political rights, and often worked through states. In the first half of the twentieth century, Jewish internationalism blossomed, as dedicated institutions with professional staff used diplomacy, social work, and modern finance to address the needs of millions of Jews. Although the results of such aid have been mixed, it is clear that Jewish internationalism has transformed relations among the Jews of the diaspora.

Shund and the Tabloids: Jewish Popular Reading in Inter-War Poland

2003 ◽  
pp. 188-212
Author(s):  
Nathan Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Tabloid Press

This chapter describes Jewish popular reading in inter-war Poland, looking at shund and the Polish tabloid press. In the first third of the twentieth century, as the Polish press was developing rapidly, sensationalist newspapers began to proliferate. While this type of press had been widespread in the United States and western Europe since the middle of the nineteenth century, it first emerged in Poland only in 1910, with Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny (Illustrated Daily Courier) in Kraków. In Warsaw, the first tabloid newspapers, Kurier Informacyjny i Telegraficzny (Information and Telegraphic Courier) and Ekspres Poranny (Morning Express), appeared in 1922. In 1926, Kurier Informacyjny i Telegraficzny changed its name, now printed in red, to Kurier Czerwony (Red Courier). In time, the colour red became emblematic of sensationalist newspapers in Poland, and they were nicknamed czerwoniaki (Reds), similar to the ‘yellow’ press in the West.

Capital, Corporations, and Their Discontents in Making California's Constitutions, 1849–1911

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Rolston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
The West ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Legislative Power

This article traces California's constitutional development from 1849 through 1911, examining how and why California's constitution developed into a quasi-legislative document that constitutionalized policies involving corporations, banks, railroads, taxes, and other economic relationships, thereby limiting the power of the legislature. I argue that drafters of California's constitutions deliberately curtailed legislative power and transformed class issues into constitutional ones. California's experience was consistent with state constitutional developments throughout the United States, especially in the West. Advocates of constitutional reform saw state legislatures as corrupt captives of "capitalists" and other "special interests" that could not to be trusted to serve the people's interests. These issues permeated debates over constitutional reform in California and other states from the 1840s through the initial decades of the twentieth century, leading to the adoption of the initiative and referendum.

scholarly journals A Historical Perspective on the Development of an Ethnic Minority Consciousness in the Spanish-Language Press of the Southwest

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Nicolás Kanellos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Ethnic Newspapers ◽  
Ethnic Press

Various scholars have treated ethnic newspapers in the United States as if they all have evolved from an immigrant press.(i) While one may accept their analysis of the functions of the ethnic press, there is a substantial and qualitative difference between newspapers that were built on an immigration base and those that developed from the experience of colonialism and racial oppression. Hispanics were subjected to “racialization”(ii) for more than a century through such doctrines as the Spanish Black Legend and Manifest Destiny during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. They were conquered and incorporated into the United States and then treated as colonial subjects as is the case of Mexicans in the Southwest and the Puerto Ricans in the Caribbean. Some were incorporated through territorial purchase as was the case of the Hispanics in Florida and Louisiana. (I would also make a case that, in many ways, Cubans and Dominicans also developed under United States domination in the twentieth century.) The subsequent migration and immigration of these peoples to the United States was often directly related to the domination of their homelands by the United States. Their immigration and subsequent cultural perspective on life in the United States, of course, has been substantially different from that of European immigrant groups. Hispanic native or ethnic minority perspective has manifested itself in the political realm, often as an attitude of entitlement to civil and political rights.

LA PESADILLA DE LOS PAPELES ENTRE LOS EMIGRANTES, SEGÚN LA NOVELÍSTICA ECUATORIANA.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yovany Salazar Estrada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Time Required

En este artículo se pone en evidencia el problema de la falta de los documentos legales que afecta a los sujetos emigrantes ecuatorianos que se dirigen a los países más desarrollados del Hemisferio Norte, de manera especial, Estados Unidos y España; puesto que, ellos permitirán regular el ingreso, garantizar la permanencia en los países de destino y posibilitar el acceso al trabajo y su ausencia, en cambio, constituye una grave problemática que deviene en una verdadera pesadilla, por la necesidad diaria que tienen los emigrantes de disponer de los documentos personales y legales, por los obstáculos que deben vencer para tramitarlos; por el tiempo que requieren esperar hasta recibir una respuesta y, cuando hay suerte, finalmente, acceder a los mismos y, con ellos, recuperar los derechos humanos fundamentales conculcados y los derechos ciudadanos, políticos y cívicos, totalmente, abolidos.    Palabras claves: Documentos personales, Emigrante ilegal, Migración internacional, Novela ecuatoriana, sujeto emigrante.   ABSTRACT   This article puts in evidence the problem of lack of legal documentation that is affecting the Ecuadorian emigrants traveling to the northern hemisphere developed countries, especially the United States and Spain; since these countries would allow a regulated entry, to ensure permanent residence and to facilitate accessible means to the workforce; however, to obtain legal documentation has become a nightmare for emigrants on their daily lives because they have faced serious obstacles that are hard to overcome in order to legally process their documentation. One of the obstacles is the waiting time required for an answer from the Emigration Department and if they are lucky and when they can finally access the documentation they can at last reclaim their violated basic human, civil and political rights.    Keywords: Personal documents, “illegal” Migrants, International Migration, Ecuadorian Novel, migrant subject.   Recibido: febrero de 2015Aprobado: mayo de 2015

Extradition as the Violation of Human Rights. The Jurisprudence of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret De Merieux
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
State Party ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

The decision of the Human Rights Committee in Kindler vs. Canada1 marked its first substantive decision on the subject of the violation of human rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) consequent upon extradition by a State Party, and making the extradition itself a violation of Covenant obligations. Two cases have followed — Chitat Ng vs. Canada2 and Cox vs. Canada.3 The requesting State in all cases was the United States and given the increase in the numbers of requests for extradition between Canada and that country, from 29 in 1980 to 88 in 1992 and the enthusiasm of Canadian lawyers for proceedings before the Committee, ‘litigation’ in this area is likely to form a significant part of the Committee's work in the future. The ensuing comment analyses the decisions and the issues raised.

Development as an Ideology for Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Sara Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Special Element ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Project History ◽  
Political Duty ◽  
Century Development ◽  
Global Project

This chapter discusses how colonial administrators started to use the active verb “develop” and to speak of developing peoples in the 1920s. In the view of the internationalists and philanthropists of the early twentieth century, development was a civilizing mission. Conceiving imperialism as having a pedagogical side meant that advanced societies were required to take colonized peoples by the hand and teach them the rules of a modernity they had been excluded from. This was a change: at the end of the nineteenth century, there were peoples who were thought to be unready for civilization, principally in Africa. However, colonial expansion meant taking responsibility. Indeed, colonization was described as a political duty: the superior races had duties toward inferior ones, particularly in the promotion of science and progress. Humanitarianism was a special element that started with abolishing slavery in all forms and limiting the excesses of colonialism. The struggle against slavery and slave practices was often used as a justification for intervention, as was the goal of undermining the influence of rival powers. In the United States, civilization was perceived as an element that bound Europe and the United States together in a global project. History was considered a movement from fragmentation to unity, and progress meant evolving toward a system of powerful nations that used a few rich and precise languages that everyone could understand.

7. The worldly West

2014 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Stephen Aron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Government ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

The 1965 Immigration Reform Act dramatically changed the pattern of immigration into the United States and particularly into the western states that bordered the Pacific or Mexico. These post-1965 flows significantly altered the national origins of the region's population. Along with the twentieth-century transformations wrought by global wars and globalized commerce, the new immigration amplified the connections between the West and the world. ‘The worldly West’ explains that like the growing import of the national government in the West's affairs, the international presence generated resentments and efforts at restriction of immigration. Yet, in the second and third quarters of the twentieth century, the region's fate was increasingly defined by federal interventions and entwined with international developments.

The United States and human rights

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Christopher Brewin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

These excellent books mark the reception in American thinking of the doctrine that economic and social rights (Shue, Brown/Maclean, Hoffmann, Vogelgesang, Falk) are at least as important as the civil and political rights of Henkin's ‘International Bill of Rights’. The English contribution to this literature, the collection of documents edited by Brownlie, makes no distinction between sets of rights; and by reprinting work by Prebisch and Figueres, Brownlie promotes the thesis that development and human rights go together. However, it is worth noticing that all these authors ignore the efforts by the majority of countries in the UN General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights to assert the related concept of rights to development, notably in GA Resolution 32/130 (1977).

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