COMPANY ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS

The article lists and characterizes the types of activities and the basis for the creation of all firms (companies) of the legal form that are widely distributed in Georgia on the basis of the Law on Entrepreneurs, as well as in other countries of the world. Firm-company-enterprise-organization is a special element of the country's economic development and economic relations. Due to this, the market supply and demand is balanced, and the exchange-distribution process is carried out, which is possible in the presence of manufactured products, work performed and services provided.

Teleological ambitions of the criminal process

The article is devoted to the issues of goal-setting in criminal proceedings. The authors believe that a special element of the legal technique of goal-setting at the level of the law is the method of forming the super-tasks of the criminal process. The authors called this technique «teleological ambitions of criminal justice». It is through this technique that the legislator confirms his commitment to the principle of the inevitability of punishment (responsibility).

Classification Trees in the Assessment of the Road–Railway Accidents Mortality

A special element of road safety research is accidents at the interface of the road and rail system. Due to their low share in the total number of incidents, they are not a popular subject of analyses but rather an element of collective studies, whereas the specificity of the road–rail accidents requires a separate characteristic, allowing, on the one hand, to categorize these types of incidents, and on the other, to specify the factors that affect them, along with an assessment of the strength of this impact. It is important to include in such analyses all potential predictors, both qualitative and quantitative. Moreover, the literature considers most often a number of accidents while, according to the authors, it does not fully reflect the scale of the danger. A better evaluation would be the victim’s degree of injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess the likelihood of occurrence of various effects of road–rail accidents in the aspect of selected factors. Due to the ordinal form of the dependent variable, the classification trees method was used. The results obtained not only allow the characterization and assessment of the danger but also constitute guidelines for taking preventive actions.

Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Selective C-H Difluoromethylation Reactions

Fluorine is well-known as a very special element. Approximately 30% of agrochemicals and 20% of all drugs contain fluorine; most of those compounds have unique functions in biochemistry, pharmacy, and bioscience and those containing difluoromethyl functional groups often have irreplaceable roles. Therefore, the selective introduction of difluoromethylated functional groups into various aromatic substrates has significant practical application. This review describes recent advances in selective difluoroalkylation of aromatic substrates by using different catalytic strategies (cyclometalated ruthenium complex, transient regulating and visible-light-induced strategies).

Significant Foundation Techniques for Education: A Critical Analysis

In engineering, the foundation is a special element of a building. It is the connecting part with the soil, which transfers loads from the structure to the ground, so that they are distributed on a wider area, thus avoiding high levels of soil stresses. Furthermore, they help the structure to withstand various natural forces like earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, and also to anchor the structure into the ground, thus increasing its stability. Over time, people aim to build elaborate structures, first to facilitate the standard living and then, utilizing this primary purpose, to make a substantial contribution to the progress and development of science, through the discovery of new methods. This work aims to briefly record, analyze, and comment on special cases of building foundations and infrastructure projects that are in line with modern requirements of research and technology. The work furthermore presents the advantages of static and seismic behavior of the foundations which may present significant structures over similar ones of the same or smaller scale. There was an effort to develop and comment on the information which explains the general nature of the foundations with their evolutionary activity. These concepts, combined with a description of the typical building or infrastructure project, with their characteristics may be a powerful tool not only for future constructions and research but mainly for education. The work also emphasizes the connection between theory and practice.

The role of object code in the structure of mythological text (straw in Polish mythological legends and folk beliefs about zmora)

The article is devoted to the study of the relationships of different types of cultural codes in Slavic folk culture, and focuses on object, character, and verbal codes. This problem is considered in the article on the example of straw as a special element of object code in the mythological text about zmora and in the context of its functioning. The article investigates mythological motifs and plots associated with zmora, which include straw; the place of these motifs and plots in the structure of the mythological text about zmora; the problem of their mapping; reflection of traces of folklore notions in which zmora is connected with straw in other folklore genres; different ways to protect yourself against zmora using straw; the functions of straw as an element of material culture, which are related to the problem under study, as well as parallels to the above in the folk culture of other Western Slavs. The article draws conclusions about a significant role of straw in Polish beliefs and legends about zmora. It is also suggested that the repeated mentions of straw in the Polish mythological text about zmora can be considered as related fragments that emerged as a result of the disintegration of a whole mythopoetic folk worldview.