Other People as Situations

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Clark ◽  
Edward P. Lemay ◽  
Harry T. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Relationship Context ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers usually construe situations in terms of their impact on individuals, taking little account of a fundamental feature of situations: Who else is involved or implicated in that situation and what is the nature of the relationship between those persons? This chapter provides a framework for conceptualizing these relationship effects, followed by a review of relationship-context effects in six prominent areas of social-psychological research: prosocial behavior, social influence, person perception, self-concept, self-regulation, and evaluative judgments. This review indicates that relationship contexts are one of the most powerful and pervasive situational influences fundamentally shaping human behavior. In the chapter we further argue that any conceptualization of situations that seeks to be comprehensive must incorporate these relationship context effects.

The social neuroscience of biases in in-and-out-group face processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Terbeck
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Reliable Predictor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research

AbstractThe validity and reliability of stereotypes in social perception confirms traditional early social psychological research. Already in 1954 Gordon Allport stated that stereotypes might have a “kernel of truth.” Recent research in social neuroscience, however, contradicts Lee Jussims’ (2012) claim that the application of stereotypes increases accuracy in person perception. Person perception is inaccurate as it is insufficient when it involves only one factor (even if that factor was a reliable predictor).

Person Perception, Meet People Perception: Exploring the Social Vision of Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110178
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Alt ◽  
L. Taylor Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Future Work

Groups, teams, and collectives —people—are incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of human group activity and its fundamental importance to human life, social-psychological research on person perception has overwhelmingly focused on its namesake, the person, rather than expanding to consider people perception. By looking to two unexpected partners, the vision sciences and organization behavior, we find emerging work that presents a path forward, building a foundation for understanding how people perceive other people. And yet this nascent field is missing critical insights that scholars of social vision might offer: specifically, for example, the chance to connect perception to behavior through the mediators of cognition and motivational processes. Here, we review emerging work across the vision and social sciences to extract core principles of people perception: efficiency, capacity, and complexity. We then consider complexity in more detail, focusing on how people perception modifies person-perception processes and enables the perception of group emergent properties as well as group dynamics. Finally, we use these principles to discuss findings and outline areas fruitful for future work. We hope that fellow scholars take up this people-perception call.

scholarly journals Solidarity with those who hit the streets: Public opinion and support for protesters’ self-defence actions when the right to protest is restricted

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Saavedra ◽  
John Drury
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Student Protest ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Defence

Previous social-psychological research has neglected the impact of public opinion’s legitimisation of protests on non-participants’ support for protesters’ self-defence actions. In two experiments, involving English adults as participants, we combined vignettes describing various extents of public opinion legitimisation of protests with footage of police repression during a student protest in England (Study 1; N = 151), and against pro-independence demonstrators in Catalonia (Study 2; N = 150). Results demonstrated that solidarity with protesters mediates the relationship between public opinion’s legitimisation of protests and non-participants’ support for protesters’ self-defence actions against the police. However, we found distinctive patterns for each scenario. Whereas people showed solidarity with protesters when English public opinion delegitimised the student protest, the same happened regarding the protest in Catalonia only when English public opinion gave legitimacy to the pro-independence movement. Also, we found that own opinions about the right to protest play an essential role in feeling solidarity with victims of police repression and support for protesters’ self-defence actions

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

zy prawda nas wyzwoli? Przełamywanie oporu psychologicznego w przyjmowaniu wiedzy o Zagładzie

2014 ◽  
pp. 803-822
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska ◽  
Piotr Forecki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Social Psychological Research

The introduction of the programs on Holocaust education in Poland and a broader debate on the transgressions of Poles against the Jews have not led to desired improvement in public knowledge on these historical events. A comparison of survey results from the last two decades (Bilewicz, Winiewski, Radzik, 2012) illustrates mounting ignorance: the number of Poles who acknowledge that the highest number of victims of the Nazi occupation period was Jewish systematically decreases, while the number of those who think that the highest number of victims of the wartime period was ethnically Polish, increases. Insights from the social psychological research allow to explain the psychological foundations of this resistance to acknowledge the facts about the Holocaust, and indicate the need for positive group identity as a crucial factor preventing people from recognizing such a threatening historical information. In this paper we will provide knowledge about the ways to overcome this resistance-through-denial. Implementation of such measures could allow people to accept responsibility for the misdeeds committed by their ancestors.

From Help Giving to Helping Relations

2018 ◽  
pp. 464-488
Author(s):  
Arie Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter reviews social psychological research on help giving and helping relations from the 1950s until today. The first section considers the conditions under which people are likely to help others, personality dispositions that characterize helpful individuals, and motivational and attributional antecedents of helpfulness. The second section looks at long-term consequences of help and examines help in the context of enduring and emotionally significant relationships. Research has shown that in the long run help can increase psychological and physical well-being for helpers but discourage self-reliance for recipients. The third section analyzes helping from intra- and intergroup perspectives, considering how its provision can contribute to helpers’ reputations within a group or promote the positive social identity of in-groups relative to out-groups. Help is thus conceptualized as a negotiation between the fundamental psychological needs for belongingness and independence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document