Person Perception, Meet People Perception: Exploring the Social Vision of Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110178
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Alt ◽  
L. Taylor Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Future Work

Groups, teams, and collectives —people—are incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of human group activity and its fundamental importance to human life, social-psychological research on person perception has overwhelmingly focused on its namesake, the person, rather than expanding to consider people perception. By looking to two unexpected partners, the vision sciences and organization behavior, we find emerging work that presents a path forward, building a foundation for understanding how people perceive other people. And yet this nascent field is missing critical insights that scholars of social vision might offer: specifically, for example, the chance to connect perception to behavior through the mediators of cognition and motivational processes. Here, we review emerging work across the vision and social sciences to extract core principles of people perception: efficiency, capacity, and complexity. We then consider complexity in more detail, focusing on how people perception modifies person-perception processes and enables the perception of group emergent properties as well as group dynamics. Finally, we use these principles to discuss findings and outline areas fruitful for future work. We hope that fellow scholars take up this people-perception call.

Language as a Social Cue

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-264
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Kinzler
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Social Cue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research

Social groups are a pervasive feature of human life. One factor that is often understudied in the literature on person perception and social categorization is language. Yet, someone's language (and accent) provides a tremendous amount of social information to a listener. Disciplines across the social and behavioral sciences—ranging from linguistics to anthropology to economics—have exposed the social significance of language. Less social psychological research has historically focused on language as a vehicle for social grouping. Yet, new approaches in psychology are reversing this trend. This article first reviews evidence, primarily from psycholinguistics, documenting how speech provides social information. Next it turns to developmental psychology, showing how young humans begin to see others’ language as conveying social group information. It then explores how the tendency to see language as a social cue has vast implications for people's psychological processes (e.g., psychological essentialism and trust) and also for society, including education and the law.

The social neuroscience of biases in in-and-out-group face processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Terbeck
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Reliable Predictor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research

AbstractThe validity and reliability of stereotypes in social perception confirms traditional early social psychological research. Already in 1954 Gordon Allport stated that stereotypes might have a “kernel of truth.” Recent research in social neuroscience, however, contradicts Lee Jussims’ (2012) claim that the application of stereotypes increases accuracy in person perception. Person perception is inaccurate as it is insufficient when it involves only one factor (even if that factor was a reliable predictor).

scholarly journals The Social Psychology of Citizenship, Participation and Social Exclusion: Introduction to the Special Thematic Section

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Stevenson ◽  
John Dixon ◽  
Nick Hopkins ◽  
Russell Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Thematic Section ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research

The aim of this special thematic section is to bring together recent social psychological research on the topic of citizenship with a view to discerning the emerging trends within the field and its potential contributions to the broader interdisciplinary area of citizenship studies. Eight papers spanning diverse theoretical traditions (including social identity, social representations and discursive approaches) apply an array of methods to consider different aspects of citizenship across a variety of cultural and national contexts. Some focus on individuals’ perceptions and discussions of citizenship, others examine the group dynamics which flow from these understandings, and the rest examine the potential for citizenship to exclude as well as include marginalised communities. While diverse, the contributions share some core commonalities: all share a concern in trying to understand citizenship from the perspective of the citizen; all conceptualise citizenship as an active and reflective process occurring between members of a community; and all highlight the irreducibly social and collective nature of the experience and practice of citizenship in everyday life. We propose that these elements of convergence have the potential to give the social psychology of citizenship a solid basis and recognisable profile in order to contribute to the broader arena of citizenship studies.

zy prawda nas wyzwoli? Przełamywanie oporu psychologicznego w przyjmowaniu wiedzy o Zagładzie

2014 ◽  
pp. 803-822
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska ◽  
Piotr Forecki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Social Psychological Research

The introduction of the programs on Holocaust education in Poland and a broader debate on the transgressions of Poles against the Jews have not led to desired improvement in public knowledge on these historical events. A comparison of survey results from the last two decades (Bilewicz, Winiewski, Radzik, 2012) illustrates mounting ignorance: the number of Poles who acknowledge that the highest number of victims of the Nazi occupation period was Jewish systematically decreases, while the number of those who think that the highest number of victims of the wartime period was ethnically Polish, increases. Insights from the social psychological research allow to explain the psychological foundations of this resistance to acknowledge the facts about the Holocaust, and indicate the need for positive group identity as a crucial factor preventing people from recognizing such a threatening historical information. In this paper we will provide knowledge about the ways to overcome this resistance-through-denial. Implementation of such measures could allow people to accept responsibility for the misdeeds committed by their ancestors.

Of “Takers” and “Makers”: A Social Psychological Analysis of Class and Classism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Bullock ◽  
Harmony A. Reppond
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of

During the 2012 United States presidential campaign, the Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates drew a stark line between “takers” and “makers,” claiming that too many Americans are “takers” because they receive more from the government and society than they contribute. In this chapter, we employ a critical social psychological framework to understand and deconstruct the political discourse surrounding “makers” versus “takers” and to illuminate the social psychology of social class and classism. This chapter focuses on attitudes and beliefs about social class that legitimize economic inequality and class disparities and the relationship of these beliefs to interclass relations and social and economic policy. In doing so, this chapter identifies the important role of social psychological research and justice-oriented frameworks in alleviating class-based disparities and classism.

The Social Psychology of Intergroup Toleration

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pluralistic Societies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

The global increase in cultural and religious diversity has led to calls for toleration of group differences to achieve intergroup harmony. Although much social-psychological research has examined the nature of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, and its impact on targets of these biases, little research has examined the nature and impact of toleration for intergroup relations. Toleration does not require that people give up their objections to out-group norms and practices but rather mutual accommodation. Integrating research from various social sciences, we explore the nature of intergroup tolerance including its three components—objection, acceptance, and rejection—while drawing out its implications for future social-psychological research. We then explore some psychological consequences to social groups that are the object of toleration. By doing so, we consider the complex ways in which intergroup tolerance impacts both majority and minority groups and the dynamic interplay of both in pluralistic societies.

scholarly journals Doing Diagnosis: Autism, Interaction Order, and the Use of Narrative in Clinical Talk

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Maynard ◽  
Jason Turowetz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diagnostic Position ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Scale Transformations

This study, with an eye toward the social psychology of diagnosis more generally, is an investigation of how clinicians diagnose children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Responding to Hacking’s call for a Goffmanian mode of analysis to complement and balance the emphasis on large-scale transformations and discourses, we examine the narrative way in which clinicians provide evidence to support a diagnostic position. Using recordings and transcripts of clinical visits across two eras, our findings about the interaction order of the clinic show distinct story types and components that contribute to diagnostic narratives for ASD. These include stories about concrete “instantiations,” stories that propose “tendencies,” and “typifications” or generalizations regarding a specific child. This work contributes to interaction order theory, methodology, and other domains of social psychological research.

Introduction to The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Johanna Ray Vollhardt
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Collective Victimhood ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the volume and gives a brief overview of its structure and the content of each chapter. The chapter describes the nature of social psychological research on collective victimhood to date, defines the concept, and provides an organizing framework for scholarship on collective victimhood. This framework emphasizes the interplay of structural and individual-level factors that need to be considered, as well as how the social psychology of collective victimhood is studied at the micro-, meso-, and macro level of analysis. In order to avoid a determinist and simplistic view of collective victimhood, it is crucial to consider the different ways in which people actively construe and make sense of collective victimization of their group(s). It is also important to consider the role of power, history, and other structural factors that together shape the diversity of experiences of collective victimization as well as the consequences of collective victimhood.

scholarly journals Collective Psychological Ownership and Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Borja Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Group Responsibility

Whereas much social psychological research has studied the in-group and out-group implications of social categorization and collective identity (“we”), little research has examined the nature and relevance of collective psychological ownership (“ours”) for intergroup relations. We make a case for considering collective psychological ownership as an important source of intergroup tensions. We do so by integrating theory and research from various social sciences, and we draw out implications for future social psychological research on intergroup relations. We discuss collective psychological ownership in relation to the psychology of possessions, marking behavior, intergroup threats, outgroup exclusion, and in-group responsibility. We suggest that the social psychological processes discussed apply to a range of ownership objects (territory, buildings, cultural artifacts) and various intergroup settings, including international, national, and local contexts, and in organizations and communities. We conclude by providing directions for future research in different intergroup contexts.

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