Guardianship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Control

The concept of guardianship has been defined as “any spatio-temporally specific supervision of people or property by other people which may prevent criminal violations from occurring.” As a key process of crime prevention and control by informal citizens, research on guardianship has revealed that it is negatively associated with crime, suggesting its importance as an effective crime control strategy. This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical origins of the guardianship concept, and reviews key empirical studies that have contributed to the development of criminological understanding of how guardianship functions to control crime. It concludes with a discussion of current research being done and the new directions currently being charted for continued insights into the processes and mechanisms that facilitate effective guardianship for crime prevention.

scholarly journals Guardianship in the Digital Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Digital Crime ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Control

This conceptual article focuses on the potential to advance and extend guardianship using new digital crime prevention applications that have been developed as a consequence of technological advancements in communication and social engagement. The new opportunity structure for informal guardianship through active citizen participation and involvement in crime prevention and control efforts using the Internet and smartphones is discussed to emphasize how this has changed in the digital age. Specifically, the article highlights how the fundamental tenets of guardianship (i.e., what it means to be available, how supervision or monitoring is carried out and ways of intervening) have evolved due to neighborhood watch/community safety mobile applications. Based on what we have learned about guardianship, this article considers the potential for these digital crime prevention applications to extend and support guardianship. It also assesses these applications critically by highlighting some of the concerns and risks that need to be considered amid the proliferation of these new platforms for crime control. The article concludes by weighing up the pros and cons with a view to focusing on key issues in the continued development of such applications so their potential can be maximized.

scholarly journals A Preventive Strategy of Voltage Stability based on Characteristic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Ding Wang ◽  
Yangwu Shen ◽  
Daojun Chen ◽  
Yongyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Node Voltage ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of voltage stability prevention and control strategy is to minimize the impact of expected accidents on the whole power grid while ensuring safe power supply. In this paper, it is expected that the accident has a large impact on the system voltage and makes the voltage margin of each node low. in order to not only adjust the node voltage, but also reduce the disturbance impact, a voltage stability prevention and control strategy is proposed based on the characteristic analysis.

Community-driven disorder reduction: Crime prevention through a clean and green initiative in a legacy city

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (14) ◽  
pp. 2956-2972
Author(s):  
Jesenia M. Pizarro ◽  
Richard C. Sadler ◽  
Jason Goldstick ◽  
Brandon Turchan ◽  
Edmund F. McGarrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Level ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the effects of a neighbourhood greening and beautification strategy called Clean & Green on crime prevention and reduction. Point level data for all Part I index crimes and Clean & Green efforts in the study area from 2005 to 2014 are analysed using spatial and linear regression with two key modifications: (1) controlling for temporal and spatial dependencies between points; and (2) allowing for potentially non-linear temporal trends in the effect of cumulative greening. To accommodate those modifications, generalised additive models (GAMs) were employed. The analyses of violent and property crimes suggest that greening efforts are increasingly protective over time. The findings demonstrate that the elimination of blight and disorder via neighbourhood greening and beautification efforts can be an effective tool for crime prevention and control in communities.

scholarly journals Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Hogarh ◽  
Thomas P. Agyekum ◽  
Crentsil Kofi Bempah ◽  
Emmanuel D. J. Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Silas W. Avicor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness Analysis of the Integrated Control Strategy for Schistosomiasis Japonica in Lake Region of China: a Jiangling Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Wu ◽  
He-Hua Hu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
Tie-Wu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Transmission Interruption ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Under the condition of low epidemic level and limited funding, it is urgent to carry out health economic evaluation on the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy currently implemented in lake region in order to rationally allocate and utilize health resources and maximize benefits. The objective of this study is to provide reference for understanding the effectiveness of the integrated control strategy and adjusting prevention and control strategies or measures. Methods: The investment in schistosomiasis control and disability adjusted life years （DALYs）caused by schistosomiasis were calculated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was conducted through calculating the incremental cost of every additional case averted, the incremental cost of every additional DALY averted through implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control at different control stages in Jiangling County. Results: The total expenditure for schistosomiasis control in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2019 was 607 million Chinese yuan (CNY). The average annual costs for schistosomiasis prevention and control in stages of morbidity control (2009-2012), transmission control (2013-2016), and transmission interruption (2017-2019) were 41.98 million CNY，90.19 million CNY and 26.06 million CNY respectively. The overall disease burden caused by schistosomiasis presented a downward trend. Meanwhile, the disease burden of advanced cases showed an upward trend with the DALY increased from 943.72 to1031.59 person-years. Most disease burden occurred in the age group over 45 years old (especially the elderly over 60 years old). Taking the morbidity control stage as an analysis control, incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (ICEA) showed that the cost increased by 8505.5 CNY and decreased by 2217.6 CNY respectively to avert one additional case in transmission control stage and transmission interruption stage respectively in Jiangling County. Correspondingly, to avert one additional DALY, the cost increased by 73937.6 CNY and decreased by 21508.6 CNY respectively. Conclusions: As the epidemic declines, the integrated prevention and control strategy is more cost-effective. Surveillance and management on elder population should be strengthened to avert higher diseases burden.

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