scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness Analysis of the Integrated Control Strategy for Schistosomiasis Japonica in Lake Region of China: a Jiangling Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Wu ◽  
He-Hua Hu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
Tie-Wu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Transmission Interruption ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Under the condition of low epidemic level and limited funding, it is urgent to carry out health economic evaluation on the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy currently implemented in lake region in order to rationally allocate and utilize health resources and maximize benefits. The objective of this study is to provide reference for understanding the effectiveness of the integrated control strategy and adjusting prevention and control strategies or measures. Methods: The investment in schistosomiasis control and disability adjusted life years （DALYs）caused by schistosomiasis were calculated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was conducted through calculating the incremental cost of every additional case averted, the incremental cost of every additional DALY averted through implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control at different control stages in Jiangling County. Results: The total expenditure for schistosomiasis control in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2019 was 607 million Chinese yuan (CNY). The average annual costs for schistosomiasis prevention and control in stages of morbidity control (2009-2012), transmission control (2013-2016), and transmission interruption (2017-2019) were 41.98 million CNY，90.19 million CNY and 26.06 million CNY respectively. The overall disease burden caused by schistosomiasis presented a downward trend. Meanwhile, the disease burden of advanced cases showed an upward trend with the DALY increased from 943.72 to1031.59 person-years. Most disease burden occurred in the age group over 45 years old (especially the elderly over 60 years old). Taking the morbidity control stage as an analysis control, incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (ICEA) showed that the cost increased by 8505.5 CNY and decreased by 2217.6 CNY respectively to avert one additional case in transmission control stage and transmission interruption stage respectively in Jiangling County. Correspondingly, to avert one additional DALY, the cost increased by 73937.6 CNY and decreased by 21508.6 CNY respectively. Conclusions: As the epidemic declines, the integrated prevention and control strategy is more cost-effective. Surveillance and management on elder population should be strengthened to avert higher diseases burden.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness analysis of the integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in a lake region of China: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Wu ◽  
He-Hua Hu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
Tie-Wu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Transmission Interruption

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis japonica remains an important public health concern due to its potential to cause severe outcomes and long-term sequelae. An integrated control strategy implemented in the Peoples’ Republic of China has been shown to be effective to control or interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis. The objective of this study is to estimate the disease burden of schistosomiasis and assess the cost-effectiveness of the integrated control strategy focused on different major interventions at three stages for schistosomiasis control in a lake setting, to provide reference for policy making or planning. Methods Annual cost data of schistosomiasis control during 2009–2019 were obtained from the control program implementers in Jiangling County, Hubei Province, China. Economic costs are provided in constant 2009 Chinese Yuan (CNY). Epidemiological data of schistosomiasis were collected from the Jiangling county station for schistosomiasis control. Disease burden of schistosomiasis was assessed by calculating years of life lost (YLLs) owing to premature death, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We then conducted a rudimentary cost-effectiveness analysis by determining the ratio by dividing the difference between the average cost of integrated control strategy at transmission control (2013–2016) or transmission interruption (2017–2019) and the average cost at stage of infection control (2009–2012) with the difference between the DALYs of schistosomiasis at different control stages. Descriptive statistics on the costs and DALYs were used in the analysis. Results The total economic costs for schistosomiasis control in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2019 were approximately CNY 606.88 million. The average annual economic costs for schistosomiasis prevention and control at stages of infection control (2009–2012), transmission control (2013–2016), and transmission interruption (2017–2019) were approximately CNY 41.98 million, CNY 90.19 million and CNY 26.06 million respectively. The overall disease burden caused by schistosomiasis presented a downward trend. Meanwhile, the disease burden of advanced cases showed an upward trend with the DALY increased from 943.72 to 1031.59 person-years. Most disease burden occurred in the age group over 45 years old (especially the elderly over 60 years old). Taking the infection control stage as the control, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of integrated control strategy was CNY 8505.5 per case averted, CNY 60 131.6 per DALY decreased at transmission control stage and CNY −2217.6 per case averted, CNY −18 116.0 per DALY decreased at transmission interruption stage. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis decreased significantly with the implementation of the integrated prevention and control strategy. Surveillance and management on elder population should be strengthened to decrease diseases burden. There remains a need for well-conducted studies that examine the long-term cost-effectiveness of the integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis. Graphic Abstarct

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of targeted screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis among asylum-seekers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wahedi ◽  
L Biddle ◽  
K Bozorgmehr
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Additional Case ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Screening asylum-seekers for active pulmonary tuberculosis is common practice among many European countries with low incidence of tuberculosis. The reported yields vary substantially, partly due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of asylum-seeking populations. Some countries apply targeted screening measures based on the incidence of tuberculosis in the country of origin. Evaluations of such approaches with respect to (cost)-effectiveness is scarce. Methods Using screening data from a large German state over 14 years (2002-2015), we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of targeted screening based on WHO-reported incidence of tuberculosis in country of origins (from thresholds of 50 to 250/100,000 inhabitants). Incremental cost-effectiveness is measured as cost per case found and cost per case prevented. Results Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of screening asylum-seekers from countries with an incidence of 50 to 250/100,000 range between 15,000€ and 17,000€ per additional case found when compared to lower thresholds. The ICER for additional screening of asylum-seekers from countries with an incidence <50/100,000 is 112,000€ per additional case found. Costs per case prevented show a similar increase in costs. Conclusions The high cost per case found or case prevented in the <50/100,000 threshold scenario suggests this threshold to be a sensible cut-off for targeted screening. Acknowledging that no screening measure can find all cases of tuberculosis, and that reactivation of latent infections makes up a large proportion of foreign-born cases, targeting asylum-seekers from countries with an incidence above 50/100,000 is likely to be a more reasonable screening measure for the prevention and control of tuberculosis than indiscriminate screening measures. Key messages We challenge the widespread belief that indiscriminate tuberculosis screening programmes are placed at an acceptable balance between costs and benefits. Targeting asylum-seekers from countries with an incidence above 50/100,000 is likely to be a reasonable screening measure for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the new integrated strategy to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Qian ◽  
Yuefeng Zhang ◽  
Xinyan Zhang ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Zhichao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Oncomelania Hupensis ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Integrated Strategy ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Morbidity Control

Since 2004, the national schistosomiasis control strategy in China has shifted from the morbidity control strategy (conventional strategy) to an integrated strategy (new strategy). We investigated the effectiveness of the new strategy and compared it against the conventional strategy. We retrieved from electronic databases the literature regarding the new strategy published from 2000 to 2017. The effect of the new or conventional strategy on infection by Schistosoma japonicum of humans and snails (Oncomelania hupensis) was evaluated with pooled log relative risk (logRR). A total of only eight eligible publications were included in the final meta-analysis. The results showed that implementation of the new strategy reduced the infection risk by 3–4 times relative to the conventional strategy. More specifically, the conventional strategy caused a reduction in both human (logRR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.12–0.99) and snail infections (logRR = 0.34, 95% CI: −0.69–1.37), while the new strategy also significantly reduced both human (logRR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.33–2.46) and snail infections (logRR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06–2.15). In contrast to the conventional strategy, the new strategy appeared more effective to control both human (logRR difference = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.78–1.86) and snail infections (logRR difference = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.76–2.31). Our data demonstrate that the new integrated strategy is highly effective to control the transmission of S. japonicum in China, and this strategy is recommended for schistosomiasis elimination in other affected regions across the world, with adaptation to local conditions.

An integrated control strategy of path following and lateral motion stabilization for autonomous distributed drive electric vehicles

2019 ◽  
pp. 095440701988416
Author(s):  
Yuan Zou ◽  
Ningyuan Guo ◽  
Xudong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
And Control

This article proposes an integrated control strategy of autonomous distributed drive electric vehicles. First, to handle the multi-constraints and integrated problem of path following and the yaw motion control, a model predictive control technique is applied to determine optimal front wheels’ steering angle and external yaw moment synthetically and synchronously. For ensuring the desired path-tracking performance and vehicle lateral stability, a series of imperative state constraints and control references are transferred in the form of a matrix and imposed into the rolling optimization mechanism of model predictive control, where the detailed derivation is also illustrated and analyzed. Then, the quadratic programming algorithm is employed to optimize and distribute each in-wheel motor’s torque output. Finally, numerical simulation validations are carried out and analyzed in depth by comparing with a linear quadratic regulator–based strategy, proving the effectiveness and control efficacy of the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals A Preventive Strategy of Voltage Stability based on Characteristic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Ding Wang ◽  
Yangwu Shen ◽  
Daojun Chen ◽  
Yongyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Node Voltage ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of voltage stability prevention and control strategy is to minimize the impact of expected accidents on the whole power grid while ensuring safe power supply. In this paper, it is expected that the accident has a large impact on the system voltage and makes the voltage margin of each node low. in order to not only adjust the node voltage, but also reduce the disturbance impact, a voltage stability prevention and control strategy is proposed based on the characteristic analysis.

scholarly journals Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Hogarh ◽  
Thomas P. Agyekum ◽  
Crentsil Kofi Bempah ◽  
Emmanuel D. J. Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Silas W. Avicor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits

scholarly journals Knowing the scope of meningococcal disease in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marco A. P. Sáfadi ◽  
María Teresa Valenzuela ◽  
Ana Flavia Carvalho ◽  
Lúcia Helena De Oliveira ◽  
David M Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Opportunities for strengthening surveillance of meningococcal disease exist between and within countries in Latin America. In August of 2015, a workshop was convened in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to address the following objectives: 1) to review meningococcal disease burden and vaccine use in Latin America; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of current meningococcal surveillance practices in the region; 3) to identify challenges to meningococcal surveillance in the region; and 4) to outline steps for strengthening meningococcal surveillance and disease control in the region. Based on the workshop’s discussions, recommendations for strengthening surveillance and controlling meningococcal disease in Latin America focus on improving: a) laboratory capabilities for diagnostic testing; b) communication regarding epidemiologic- and laboratory-based analyses; c) communication during outbreaks; d) monitoring of long-term disease outcomes; e) knowledge of vaccines against serogroup B disease; and f) criteria for defining and controlling meningococcal outbreaks. Overall, improving surveillance will help guide strategies for meningococcal disease prevention and control in Latin America.

scholarly journals Non-melanoma skin cancer in Serbia (1999-2015) -the need for national prevention and control strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160
Author(s):  
Danijela Ilic ◽  
Goran Videnovic ◽  
Ruzica Kozomara ◽  
Sonja Radakovic ◽  
Zoran Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Background/Aim. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are ones of the most rapidly increasing cancers worldwide. Although NMSCs have a relatively low mortality rate, they are an important public health concern and the most costly cancers in many countries. The two main objectives in this study were: first, to analyze the trend of age-standardized incidence rate of NMSCs in Serbia and second, to assess the need for national prevention and control strategy based on analyzed trend. Methods. From the Serbian Cancer Registry, we extracted all cases of NMSCs registered in central Serbia from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to define trends and annual percentage change (APC). Results. NMSCs significantly increased for both genders with APC of +2.32% (p < 0.001). Significantly increasing trend of incidence rates was higher in women (APC, +2.63%; p < 0.0001) than in men (APC, +2.01%; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results show a continuously increasing incidence rate of NMCS in Serbia. Without the national preventive strategy, current sporadic activities are highly unlikely to result in reducing the growing trends

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document