Traditional and Local Knowledge Systems as Language Legacies Critical for Conservation

2018 ◽  
pp. 700-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will C. McClatchey
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Life On Earth

This chapter briefly addresses some of the issue and concerns about documentation and preservation of traditional and local knowledge about the environment and biodiversity, particularly as conceptualized within human languages. Parallels between the practices of biological science and language documentation are discussed as models for thinking about issues in language preservation. Language legacies are described as being both the details and the context of persistent use within communities of humans living in specific locations where their languages evolved. Local language complexities are largely based upon long-term interactions with, and observations of, local environments with resulting interpretations becoming important structural details of the language legacy. Non-local expertise in sciences (or other specialties) may be helpful for documenting local language details held by local experts that would otherwise be difficult for a linguist to understand. Collaboration between linguists and other scientists through incorporation of traditional and local knowledge about biodiversity will enable the collaborating scholars to increase the quality and relevance of their work for conservation of languages and life on earth.

Track 2.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucharita BENIWAL ◽  
Sahil MATHUR ◽  
Lesley-Ann NOEL ◽  
Cilla PEMBERTON ◽  
Suchitra BALASUBRAHMANYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Local Practices

The aim of this track was to question the divide between the nature of knowledge understood as experiential in indigenous contexts and science as an objective transferable knowledge. However, these can co-exist and inform design practices within transforming social contexts. The track aimed to challenge the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, and demonstrate co-existence. The track also hoped to make a case for other systems of knowledges and ways of knowing through examples from native communities. The track was particularly interested in, first, how innovators use indigenous and cultural systems and frameworks to manage or promote innovation and second, the role of local knowledge and culture in transforming innovation as well as the form of local practices inspired innovation. The contributions also aspired to challenge through examples, case studies, theoretical frameworks and methodologies the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, the divides of ‘academic’ vs ‘non-academic’ and ‘traditional’ vs ‘non-traditional’.

Specific features of long-term domestication of australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in conditions of the western part of Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
D. I. Shokasheva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Adaptive Ability

Natural populations of crayfish are in depression in Russia and local species are not cultivated. In this situation, experimental cultivation of allochtonous australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is conducted. This species is distinguished by high reproductive abilities and good consumer properties. It has domesticated in Russia spontaneously and produced 9–10 generations in Astrakhan Region. Certain natural selection in the process of domestication provides adaptive ability of this species to local environments and its capabil­ity to reproduce a viable progeny, so there is no doubts in good prospects of its cultivation in industrial conditions.

scholarly journals Non-Local and Multi-Scale Mechanisms for Image Inpainting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Xu He ◽  
Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Markov Random Fields ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Relationship Of

Recently, deep learning-based techniques have shown great power in image inpainting especially dealing with squared holes. However, they fail to generate plausible results inside the missing regions for irregular and large holes as there is a lack of understanding between missing regions and existing counterparts. To overcome this limitation, we combine two non-local mechanisms including a contextual attention module (CAM) and an implicit diversified Markov random fields (ID-MRF) loss with a multi-scale architecture which uses several dense fusion blocks (DFB) based on the dense combination of dilated convolution to guide the generative network to restore discontinuous and continuous large masked areas. To prevent color discrepancies and grid-like artifacts, we apply the ID-MRF loss to improve the visual appearance by comparing similarities of long-distance feature patches. To further capture the long-term relationship of different regions in large missing regions, we introduce the CAM. Although CAM has the ability to create plausible results via reconstructing refined features, it depends on initial predicted results. Hence, we employ the DFB to obtain larger and more effective receptive fields, which benefits to predict more precise and fine-grained information for CAM. Extensive experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches both in quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Molecularly Controlled Catalysis – Targeting Synergies Between Local and Non‐local Environments

ChemCatChem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basujit Chatterjee ◽  
Wei‐Chieh Chang ◽  
Christophe Werlé
Keyword(s):  
Local Environments ◽  
Non Local

Changing Livelihoods, Livestock and Local Knowledge Systems: Women Stake their Claim in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagari R. Ramdas ◽  
Yakshi ◽  
Girijana Deepika
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Women's Role

This paper discusses women's role, resource access control and decision-making power in the context of rapid changes in rural livelihoods, local knowledge systems and NRM. Participatory research was carried out in collaboration with NGOs and community-based organisations in six distinct agro-ecological regions of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, with a focus on eco nomically and socially marginalised communities. The research revealed that state policies have resulted in dramatic changes from food to commercial crops. This has threatened food and fodder security, the biodiversity of crops, natural flora, local livestock and poultry breeds, and led to unsustainable extraction of ground water and high levels of indebtedness. Women have borne the brunt. Women who formerly played key decision-making roles have been marginalised, their knowledge and expertise made valueless. Traditionally also women have been denied access to certain kinds of knowledge that constrain their livelihoods. Participatory research has empow ered women to take the lead in movements to challenge mainstream paradigms of sustainable development.

The Influence of Sign Variations on Drivers’ Comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1918-1922
Author(s):  
Tamar Ben-Bassat ◽  
David Shinar
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Local Sign ◽  
Specific Sign ◽  
Non Local

Road Sign comprehension studies typically focus on differences among signs, demonstrating large variability in comprehension among different signs. Differences in features of sign design can be grouped into their shape, background color, and the symbol/icon in their center. This study demonstrated that specific sign messages can be presented with different sign features without detrimental effects on either comprehension level or response time. In particular, the choice of background color (yellow or white) appears to be inconsequential for comprehension. It seems that some sign characteristics are not critical to comprehension and consequently licensed drivers may even incorrectly identify a non-local sign as the standard sign that they actually encounter on the roads. However, other sign features – especially those relating to the icon/symbol - can be critical to comprehension when they violate the icon-concept compatibility, as it is represented in drivers' long-term memory.

scholarly journals How do Indigenous and local knowledge systems respond to climate change?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Popovici ◽  
Andre G. de L. Moraes ◽  
Zhao Ma ◽  
Laura Zanotti ◽  
Keith A. Cherkauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Indigenous And Local Knowledge

scholarly journals Local adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2017831118
Author(s):  
Qingyun Liu ◽  
Haican Liu ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Mingyu Gan ◽  
Xiuqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Plausible Model ◽  
Genes Encoding

During its global dispersal, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has encountered varied geographic environments and host populations. Although local adaptation seems to be a plausible model for describing long-term host–pathogen interactions, genetic evidence for this model is lacking. Here, we analyzed 576 whole-genome sequences of Mtb strains sampled from different regions of high-altitude Tibet. Our results show that, after sequential introduction of a few ancestral strains, the Tibetan Mtb population diversified locally while maintaining strict separation from the Mtb populations on the lower altitude plain regions of China. The current population structure and estimated past population dynamics suggest that the modern Beijing sublineage strains, which expanded over most of China and other global regions, did not show an expansion advantage in Tibet. The mutations in the Tibetan strains showed a higher proportion of A > G/T > C transitions than strains from the plain regions, and genes encoding DNA repair enzymes showed evidence of positive selection. Moreover, the long-term Tibetan exclusive selection for truncating mutations in the thiol-oxidoreductase encoding sseA gene suggests that Mtb was subjected to local selective pressures associated with oxidative stress. Collectively, the population genomics of Mtb strains in the relatively isolated population of Tibet provides genetic evidence that Mtb has adapted to local environments.

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