The Socialization of Children’s Moral Understanding in the Context of Everyday Discourse

2019 ◽  
pp. 286-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Laible ◽  
Erin Karahuta ◽  
Clare Van Norden ◽  
Victoria Interra ◽  
Wyntre Stout
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Inductive Discipline ◽  
Parent Child

Conversations with parents are one important way in which moral and behavioral standards get communicated to children. This chapter explores how the content and style of parent-child discourse might influence children’s socialization and moral development. Although researchers have emphasized the importance of discourse in the context of inductive discipline, there has been little empirical work on how the content of that discourse might influence children’s perception and appropriation of the discipline message. Thus, we speculate on the types of discourse that might be important for promoting children’s moral internalization in the context of discipline. More work has been done on parent-child discourse in other contexts, including on children’s reminiscing, parent-child conflict, and the discussion of hypothetical and real world conflicts. We review this work and highlight the importance of examining the interplay between content and style of discourse in predicting moral development.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK-ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Anita Afrianingsih ◽  
Dicky Setiardi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Child Molestation ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Inductive Discipline

<p>Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF PREVENTION TO THE CHILDREN’S MORAL<br />DEVELOPMENT. Moral development can be divided into three categories:<br />moral emotions, moral behavior, moral understanding and reasoning.<br />Parents have the ability to stimulate moral development through their<br />methods of discipline and consistency through compassion. Research shows<br />that using inductive discipline helps the child in internalizing the model of<br />moral behavior. Inductive discipline is a form of correcting behavior by<br />explaining the consequences of breaking the rules and showing affection<br />for children. Research involves parents by using survey methods with<br />brochure media at parenting parenting (PPO). The purpose of this study is<br />to promote and promote awareness of the effects of child molestation on<br />moral development. The results of this study proved successful in<br />presenting and informing about the influence of parents on moral<br />development in children and tips that can be used in everyday life to<br />improve the positive moral development of children.</p><p>Perkembangan moral dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kategori:<br />emosi moral, perilaku moral, pemahaman moral dan penalaran. Orang<br />tua memiliki kemampuan untuk menstimulasi perkembangan moral melalui metode disiplin dan konsistensi mereka melalui kasih sayang. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan disiplin induktif membantu anak dalam menginternalisasi model perilaku moral. Disiplin induktif adalah bentuk mengoreksi perilaku dengan menjelaskan konsekuensi dari melanggar peraturan dan menunjukan kasih sayang terhadap anak. Penelitian melibatkan orang tua dengan menggunakan metode survei dengan media brosur pada pertemuan parenting orang tua (PPO). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan dan mempromosikan kesadaran akan efek dari penganiayaan anak pada perkembangan moral. Hasil penelitian ini terbukti berhasil dalam menyajikan dan menginformasikan tentang pengaruh orang tua pada perkembangan moral pada anak dan tips yang dapat digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk meningkatkan perkembangan moral positif anak.</p>

Vertical Boilerplate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Law School ◽  
Information Cost ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Radical Solution

Despite what we learn in law school about the “meeting of the minds,” most contracts are merely boilerplate—take-it-or-leave-it propositions. Negotiation is nonexistent; we rely on our collective market power as consumers to regulate contracts’ content. But boilerplate imposes certain information costs because it often arrives late in the transaction and is hard to understand. If those costs get too high, then the market mechanism fails. So how high are boilerplate’s information costs? A few studies have attempted to measure them, but they all use a “horizontal” approach—i.e., they sample a single stratum of boilerplate and assume that it represents the whole transaction. Yet real-world transactions often involve multiple layers of contracts, each with its own information costs. What is needed, then, is a “vertical” analysis, a study that examines fewer contracts of any one kind but tracks all the contracts the consumer encounters, soup to nuts. This Article presents the first vertical study of boilerplate. It casts serious doubt on the market mechanism and shows that existing scholarship fails to appreciate the full scale of the information cost problem. It then offers two regulatory solutions. The first works within contract law’s unconscionability doctrine, tweaking what the parties need to prove and who bears the burden of proving it. The second, more radical solution involves forcing both sellers and consumers to confront and minimize boilerplate’s information costs—an approach I call “forced salience.” In the end, the boilerplate experience is as deep as it is wide. Our empirical work should reflect that fact, and our policy proposals should too.

Parenting and the Prosocial Behaviors of Children Across Cultures

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Maria Rosario T. de Guzman ◽  
Aileen S. Garcia ◽  
Irene O. Padasas ◽  
Bernice Vania N. Landoy
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Inductive Discipline ◽  
Parenting Dimensions

A large body of empirical work has shown the role that parenting plays in the development of prosocial behaviors of children. Parenting styles (e.g., democratic versus authoritarian) and parenting practices (e.g., inductive discipline versus guilt-shame induction) in particular have been empirically linked to prosocial behaviors as well as numerous other well-being indicators in children. What is less understood is the role that culture and cultural context might play in the parenting-prosocial nexus. This chapter explores the contributions of culture comparative and in-depth cultural studies of parenting and children’s prosocial behaviors. These studies extend the range of variability of parenting dimensions and contexts as they relate to children’s prosocial outcomes – providing a means of testing the generalizability of theory in a wider range of settings, as well as in identifying facets of parenting and family life that may otherwise be neglected in current scholarship. Collectively, studies support traditional socialization theories and show how numerous parenting dimensions are linked to prosocial outcomes in children in several cultural communities. Nonetheless, emerging research suggests culturally embedded processes that impact upon the parenting and prosocial link - meriting closer attention for future scholarship.

scholarly journals An Empirical Comparison of Bias Reduction Methods on Real-World Problems in High-Stakes Policy Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Hemank Lamba ◽  
Kit T. Rodolfa ◽  
Rayid Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Research Community ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Social Service Delivery ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning

Applications of machine learning (ML) to high-stakes policy settings - such as education, criminal justice, healthcare, and social service delivery - have grown rapidly in recent years, sparking important conversations about how to ensure fair outcomes from these systems. The machine learning research community has responded to this challenge with a wide array of proposed fairness-enhancing strategies for ML models, but despite the large number of methods that have been developed, little empirical work exists evaluating these methods in real-world settings. Here, we seek to fill this research gap by investigating the performance of several methods that operate at different points in the ML pipeline across four real-world public policy and social good problems. Across these problems, we find a wide degree of variability and inconsistency in the ability of many of these methods to improve model fairness, but postprocessing by choosing group-specific score thresholds consistently removes disparities, with important implications for both the ML research community and practitioners deploying machine learning to inform consequential policy decisions.

Children’s Expressive Handling of Objects in a Shared World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Andrén
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Embodied Interaction ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Theories of embodied interaction and environmental coupling are now successfully struggling with the slippery notions of mind, matter, and sociality, but more empirical work is required, especially in relation to children. At the heart of the development of sociality is how the handling of objects in parent-child interaction may stand out as having expressive (gestural) qualities over and above their instrumental aspects. What sort of expressive qualities may be found in such actions, and what provides for them? In short, how do they come to mean? Using longitudinal recordings of five Swedish children between 18 and 30 months, the empirical part of this paper identifies microecologies of expression that have their basis in how human bodies handle objects. This accompanies an approach to intersubjectivity—building on the work of Schutz, Mead and Merlau-Ponty—that views it as emergent from embodied interaction.

scholarly journals Learning Diffusions without Timestamps

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 582-589
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Qian Yan ◽  
Ting Gan ◽  
Di Niu ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Real World ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Parent Child

To learn the underlying parent-child influence relationships between nodes in a diffusion network, most existing approaches require timestamps that pinpoint the exact time when node infections occur in historical diffusion processes. In many real-world diffusion processes like the spread of epidemics, monitoring such infection temporal information is often expensive and difficult. In this work, we study how to carry out diffusion network inference without infection timestamps, using only the final infection statuses of nodes in each historical diffusion process, which are more readily accessible in practice. Our main result is a probabilistic model that can find for each node an appropriate number of most probable parent nodes, who are most likely to have generated the historical infection results of the node. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world networks are conducted, and the results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Getting the Assumptions Right: A Reply to Laver and Shepsle

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL V. WARWICK
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Formal Modelling ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
The One ◽  
Working Out

For some time now, formal modelling has been touted by its supporters as a panacea for political science – or at least as a major step forward in the discipline's development. Certainly, it embodies a number of praiseworthy elements. Its insistence on starting with a parsimonious and precisely formulated set of assumptions cannot help but constrain slippery thinking, for example, and its rigorous working out of implications, while often demonstrating the obvious, occasionally leads to unanticipated and intriguing results. Moreover, the combination of precision and rigour holds forth the promise of generating relatively clear-cut tests of rival explanations, a major boon – if it proves true – in a discipline more inclined to abandon theories than to disconfirm them.How much better the analytical or formal orientation is, then, than the ‘funnel of causality’ approach of empiricists whose quest for the highest explained variance seldom produces more than a miscellaneous grab-bag of influences on the dependent phenomenon. Empirical work of that sort may have some limited utility in identifying possible causes, to be sure, but at some point the scholarly enterprise must move to the higher level of elaborating a clear logical structure among causal factors. Here, empirical success in accounting for observed phenomena cannot be the sole guide: the best theory is the one that provides the most accurate idea of what is actually going on in the real world, not the one with the best correlations.

scholarly journals Cultivating Disgust: Prospects and Moral Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Charlie Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Philosophical Debates

Is disgust morally valuable? The answer to that question turns, in large part, on what we can do to shape disgust for the better. But this cultivation question has received surprisingly little attention in philosophical debates. To address this deficiency, this article examines empirical work on disgust and emotion regulation. This research reveals that while we can exert some control over how we experience disgust, there’s little we can do to substantively change it at a more fundamental level. These empirical insights have revisionary implications both for debates about disgust’s moral value and for our understanding of agency and moral development more generally.

Heterogeneous Dynasties and Long-Run Mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Benhabib ◽  
Alberto Bisin ◽  
Ricardo T Fernholz
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Agents ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Heterogeneous Agents Model ◽  
Wealth Rank ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Recent empirical work has demonstrated a positive correlation between grandparent-child wealth-rank, even after controlling for parent-child wealth-rank, and a positive correlation between dynastic wealth-ranks across almost 600 years. We show that a simple heterogeneous agents model with idiosyncratic wealth returns generates a realistic wealth distribution but fails to capture these long-run patterns of wealth mobility. An auto-correlated returns specification of this model also fails to capture both short and long-run mobility. However, an extension of the heterogeneous agents model which includes permanent heterogeneity in wealth returns is able to simultaneously match the wealth distribution and short- and long-run wealth mobility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document