scholarly journals Cultivating Disgust: Prospects and Moral Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Charlie Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Philosophical Debates

Is disgust morally valuable? The answer to that question turns, in large part, on what we can do to shape disgust for the better. But this cultivation question has received surprisingly little attention in philosophical debates. To address this deficiency, this article examines empirical work on disgust and emotion regulation. This research reveals that while we can exert some control over how we experience disgust, there’s little we can do to substantively change it at a more fundamental level. These empirical insights have revisionary implications both for debates about disgust’s moral value and for our understanding of agency and moral development more generally.

scholarly journals MORAL ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS᾿ PROFESSIONAL FORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Roman Khavula
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The article considers the moral sphere of the individual as a necessary condition for the existence and effective functioning of man in society. It is emphasized that moral norms regulate interpersonal interaction, which is associated with professional activities, and morality is the basis for effective interaction between people. Moral guidelines as a basis of maturity from the standpoint of the system-subject approach are analyzed. It is noted that moral values are formed on the basis of human needs, and value in general is formed in relation to the object that is able to meet human needs. Moral judgments are seen as a process of social decision-making based on numerous factors. The generalization of the views of researchers dealing with the moral sphere of personality, allowed within the concept of moral development of personality, to distinguish three stages of moral development of the individual: pre-moral, conventional (guided by most members of society) and post-conventional, which requires the following factors: social contacts, high level intelligence, independence from authorities. It is determined that morality is an individual property of the individual, based on the norms of morality. For the formation of morality it necessary to determine the following basic foundations of morality: biological, spiritual, social, pragmatic. It is established that the highest level of personal and professional self-determination is the moral, value-semantic level, which has a great influence on professional self-determination and professional development of a person. It is emphasized that moral guidelines as a tool of social regulation are a necessary prerequisite and resource for successful professional development and play a crucial role in the course of professional development and the effectiveness of professional activity. It is noted that the key stage of professional development in the study of moral guidelines is the acquisition of higher education. It was found that in the process of learning in adolescents, moral guidelines reflect the general ethical values accepted in society and serve as a basis for the formation of specific professional values  adopted in the profession, which is mastered by the student.

The Development of Moral Values in Cultural Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Gisela Trommsdorff
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Internalization Process

In past research on moral development, moral values and cultural considerations have been widely ignored. Therefore, questions of universality and cultural specificity in the development of moral values are addressed here. First, the author reviews preconditions of moral value development, including precursors of self-construal. The internalization process of moral values reveals the importance of self-regulation capacities and the motivating dynamic of moral values. Second, the focus is on the development of moral values in diverse cultural contexts. The multilevel structure of socialization conditions is examined in light of different cultural models for moral values and their emotional components. The concluding part suggests broadening research on moral development by focusing on implications of ongoing socioeconomic and cultural changes and cultural encounters.

History, Collective Memories, or National Memories?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Carretero ◽  
Floor van Alphen
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
History Education ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
School History ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Narratives

This chapter analyzes differences between memory and history stemming from a theoretical distinction between romantic and idealized goals and enlightened and critical understanding goals of history education. National narratives and national identity are two key elements in the construction of both collective memories and history education. This chapter analyzes and provides examples of theoretical and empirical work involving six different dimensions of school history narratives: a homogeneous historical subject, identification processes, heroic and idealized key historical figures, a monocausal and teleological account of historical events, moral value judgments, and an essentialist conceptualization of nation and national identity. Finally, a concise analysis of school historical re-enactments as a cultural scenario, which greatly contributes to the interiorization of the previously mentioned narratives, is presented.

DECISIONAL NONCONSEQUENTIALISM AND THE RISK SENSITIVITY OF OBLIGATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Spector
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Decisions Under Risk

Abstract:A good deal of contemporary moral nonconsequentialism assumes that agents have perfect knowledge about the various features and consequences of their options. This assumption is unrealistic. More often than not, moral agents can only assess with a certain degree of probability the factual circumstances that are morally relevant for their decision making. My aim in this essay is to discuss the problem of moral decisions under risk from the point of view of nonconsequentialism. Basically, I analyze how objective moral principles can be transformed into subjective, decisional prescriptions, and argue that the standard nonconsequentialist approach to moral decision making, which focuses on probability thresholds, is wrong. In accordance with the fundamental postulates of nonconsequentialism, I seek to solve the problem of risk in moral choice by proposing a theory about the marginal moral value of various options. Actions can vary along various dimensions, and each of these dimensions can offer a different moral value function. Nonconsequentialist marginalism can level the playing field with consequentialism. Whereas consequentialism can simply borrow the notion of expected utility from economics, nonconsequentialism must introduce the notion of expectational obligation to formulate a general principle of moral choice under risk. I finally suggest that further empirical work is needed to delineate the shape of various moral value functions that are critical for applying the general principle of moral decision making under risk to well-known cases.

The use of a narrative story stem technique with maltreated children: Implications for theory and practice

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Buchsbaum ◽  
Sheree L. Toth ◽  
Robert B. Clyman ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Robert N. Emde
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Narrative Story ◽  
High Risk Situation

AbstractMaltreatment can impact the earliest stages of development during which time patterns of emotion regulation and attachment begin to be established (Carlson, Cicchetti, Barnett, & Braunwald, 1989b; Cicchetti, Ganiban, & Barnett, 1991). These disruptive patterns are problematic for early moral development and are likely to play a role in the development of conduct disorders (Aber & Cicchetti, 1984). Thus, maltreated children are clearly in a high-risk situation. To examine emotion regulation, internal representations of relationships, and early moral development, the use of a play narrative story stem technique (Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990; Buchsbaum & Emde, 1990) with maltreated children and a nonmaltreated disadvantaged comparison group of children is described. Representative case examples from each group are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this technique for eliciting themes about family relationships, conflicts, and their resolution or lack thereof as well as defenses and coping styles. The potential usefulness of this paradigm for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed.

Positive Emotion Regulation in Depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-250
Author(s):  
W. Michael Vanderlind ◽  
Jutta Joormann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Tasks

Depression is a disorder of emotion dysregulation. Indeed, emotion regulation difficulties are clearly evident in the hallmark features of the disorder: sustained negative affect and anhedonia. Whereas an abundance of research has focused on the downregulation of negative affect, only recently has empirical work begun to untangle depression-related difficulties experiencing and maintaining positive emotions. This chapter first reviews the phenomenology of positive emotion disruptions within major depression and then identifies emerging findings that highlight potential mechanisms of these disruptions. Various forms of methodology (e.g., self-report, behavioral tasks, psychophysiology, neuroimaging) are integrated to address the following questions: Where does positive emotion fall apart in depression and why? The chapter concludes by discussing implications for the assessment of major depression as well as the refinement of interventions aimed at treating this debilitating disorder.

The Socialization of Children’s Moral Understanding in the Context of Everyday Discourse

2019 ◽  
pp. 286-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Laible ◽  
Erin Karahuta ◽  
Clare Van Norden ◽  
Victoria Interra ◽  
Wyntre Stout
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Inductive Discipline ◽  
Parent Child

Conversations with parents are one important way in which moral and behavioral standards get communicated to children. This chapter explores how the content and style of parent-child discourse might influence children’s socialization and moral development. Although researchers have emphasized the importance of discourse in the context of inductive discipline, there has been little empirical work on how the content of that discourse might influence children’s perception and appropriation of the discipline message. Thus, we speculate on the types of discourse that might be important for promoting children’s moral internalization in the context of discipline. More work has been done on parent-child discourse in other contexts, including on children’s reminiscing, parent-child conflict, and the discussion of hypothetical and real world conflicts. We review this work and highlight the importance of examining the interplay between content and style of discourse in predicting moral development.

Why Do People Hurt Themselves?

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-464
Author(s):  
Peter J. Franz ◽  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
Matthew K. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Regulation Function

The past two decades have seen a tremendous increase in research on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), the act of intentionally damaging one’s own tissue without intent to die. This body of research indicated that NSSI may serve an emotion regulation function for those who engage in it, both in terms of reducing negative emotions, and as a means to achieve positive emotional states, such as “fun” or “excitement.” Succeeding in altering one’s emotional state by engaging in NSSI might therefore reinforce this self-injurious behavior. This chapter reviews theoretical and empirical work on the motivational forces shown to promote NSSI in order evaluate whether this research supports the notion of reinforcement-based motivation for NSSI. Particular attention in the chapter is given to how developmentally relevant correlates of reward and motivation (e.g., sensation seeking) might increase NSSI risk among adolescents. The chapter concludes by offering insights and recommendations for future research.

Emotion Dysregulation and Self-Inflicted Injury

2018 ◽  
pp. 343-360
Author(s):  
Erin A. Kaufman ◽  
Sheila E. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Developmental Contexts ◽  
Imminent Risk

Leading theories and an increasingly large body of empirical work each implicate emotion dysregulation as a central contributor to the emergence and maintenance of a range of self-injurious behaviors. In fact, self-inflicted injury (SII) often serves as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. In this chapter, we review shared biological and contextual contributors to both conditions, and discuss mutually reinforcing influences on their development. Available evidence indicates that emotion dysregulation and SII are particularly likely to emerge when biologically vulnerable individuals are reared in specific developmental contexts. However, we cannot yet accurately predict which affective patterns mark imminent risk for SII. Although research on links between emotion dysregulation and SII has burgeoned in recent years and associations between these conditions are well established, mediating and moderating pathways require further exploration. We review recent findings, current methodological barriers, and directions for future research.

Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 927-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Aldao ◽  
Dylan G. Gee ◽  
Andres De Los Reyes ◽  
Ilana Seager
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractIn response to rapidly growing rates of comorbidity among psychiatric disorders, clinical scientists have become interested in identifying transdiagnostic processes that can help explain dysfunction across diagnostic categories (e.g., Kring & Sloan, 2009). One factor that has received a great deal of attention is that of emotion regulation, namely, the ability to modulate the intensity and/or duration of emotional states (e.g., Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995; Gross, 1998). Recent theoretical and empirical work has begun to emphasize the role that emotion regulation plays in the temporal comorbidity between internalizing and externalizing conditions (e.g., Aldao & De Los Reyes, 2015; De Los Reyes & Aldao, 2015; Drabick & Kendall, 2010; Jarrett & Ollendick, 2008; Patrick & Hajcak, 2016). However, close inspection of this work reveals two very pertinent areas of growth: (a) this literature is characterized by mixed findings that are likely explained, in part, by methodological heterogeneity; and (b) emotion regulation tends to be studied in relatively narrow terms. To address these issues, we provide a series of recommendations for facilitating cross-study comparisons and leveraging multifaceted approaches to studying emotion regulation processes within a developmental psychopathology framework. We hope that our perspective can enhance the organization and growth of this very important area of inquiry, and ultimately result in more effective prevention and treatment programs.

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