Parenting and the Prosocial Behaviors of Children Across Cultures

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Maria Rosario T. de Guzman ◽  
Aileen S. Garcia ◽  
Irene O. Padasas ◽  
Bernice Vania N. Landoy
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Inductive Discipline ◽  
Parenting Dimensions

A large body of empirical work has shown the role that parenting plays in the development of prosocial behaviors of children. Parenting styles (e.g., democratic versus authoritarian) and parenting practices (e.g., inductive discipline versus guilt-shame induction) in particular have been empirically linked to prosocial behaviors as well as numerous other well-being indicators in children. What is less understood is the role that culture and cultural context might play in the parenting-prosocial nexus. This chapter explores the contributions of culture comparative and in-depth cultural studies of parenting and children’s prosocial behaviors. These studies extend the range of variability of parenting dimensions and contexts as they relate to children’s prosocial outcomes – providing a means of testing the generalizability of theory in a wider range of settings, as well as in identifying facets of parenting and family life that may otherwise be neglected in current scholarship. Collectively, studies support traditional socialization theories and show how numerous parenting dimensions are linked to prosocial outcomes in children in several cultural communities. Nonetheless, emerging research suggests culturally embedded processes that impact upon the parenting and prosocial link - meriting closer attention for future scholarship.

scholarly journals Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Garcia ◽  
Maria C. Fuentes ◽  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Emilia Serra ◽  
Fernando Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indulgent Parenting

Recent emergent research is seriously questioning whether parental strictness contributes to children’s psychosocial adjustment in all cultural contexts. We examined cross-generational differences in parental practices characterized by warmth and practices characterized by strictness, as well as the relationship between parenting styles (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) and psychosocial adjustment in adulthood. Parenting practices characterized by warmth (affection, reasoning, indifference, and detachment) and strictness (revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment) were examined. Psychosocial adjustment was captured with multidimensional self-concept and well-being (life satisfaction and happiness). Participants were 871 individuals who were members of three generations of Spanish families: College students (G3), their parents (G2), and their grandparents (G1). Results showed two different cross-generational patterns in parenting practices, with an increased tendency toward parental warmth (parents use more affection and reasoning but less indifference across generations) and a decreased tendency toward parental strictness (parents use revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment less across generations). Interestingly, despite cross-generational differences in parenting practices, a common pattern between parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment was found: indulgent parenting was related to equal or even better self-concept and well-being than authoritative parenting, whereas parenting characterized by non-warmth (authoritarian and neglectful) was related to poor scores.

scholarly journals Parenting Styles, Food Parenting Practices and Dietary Intakes of Preschoolers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Biyi Chen ◽  
Kendra Kattelmann ◽  
Christopher Comstock ◽  
Lacey McCormack ◽  
Howard Wey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Parenting Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

Previous evidence suggests that children’s eating behaviors were largely influenced by the parent and home eating structure. This study examined the relationship between parenting styles (including authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved), food parenting practices (within Structure, Coercive Control, and Autonomy Support constructs) and dietary intakes of preschoolers. Children aged 3–5 years and their parents were recruited from preschools/daycare centers and parents completed the surveys (n = 166). Dietary intakes were collected using the Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaire (HSFFQ), parenting style was assessed using the Parenting Dimensions Inventory-Short Version (PDI-S), and food parenting practices were measured using Comprehensive Home Environment Survey (CHES). The results showed that food parenting practices had a higher number of specific significant findings on children’s nutrient and food group intakes than parenting styles. Correlation analyses showed positive parenting practices within Structure were significantly related to healthier children’s intakes (e.g., vegetables, iron, and folate) and less unhealthy dietary intakes (e.g., sweets and total fats). Regression models show that children with authoritative parents consumed more fruits compared to children with authoritarian parents and indulgent parents. The results addressed the importance of parental influences for preschoolers’ healthy dietary intakes, which suggested that future interventions and educational programs could enhance parenting practices to impact child diet.

Digital Communication Effects on Loneliness and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp K. Masur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Communication Effects ◽  
Meta Analyses

The question of whether and how digital media use and digital communication affect people’s and particularly adolescents’ well-being has been investigated for several decades. Many studies have analyzed how different forms of digital communication influence loneliness and life satisfaction, two comparatively stable cognitive indicators of subjective well-being. Despite this large body of empirical work, the findings remain ambivalent, with studies resulting in positive, negative, or nonsignificant effects. Several meta-analyses suggest that the overall effect of digital communication on life satisfaction is probably too small to suggest a detrimental effect. The net effect of digital communication on loneliness, by contrast, is positive, but likewise small. Yet the studies on which these meta-analyses are based suffer from several limitations. They often adopt a limited perspective on the phenomenon of interest as a disproportionate amount of work focuses on interpersonal differences instead of intra-individual, contextual, and situational effects, as well as their interactions. Furthermore, studies are often based on cross-sectional data, use unvalidated and imprecise measurements, and differ greatly in how they conceptualize digital communication. The diversity in studied applications and forms of digital communication also suggests that effects are most likely bidirectional. Passive digital communication (e.g., browsing and lurking) is more likely to result in negative effects on well-being. Active and purposeful digital communication (e.g., posting, liking, conversating), by contrast, is more likely to result in positive effects. Future research should therefore investigate how the various levels of digital communication (including differences in devices, applications, features, interactions, and messages) interact in shaping individuals’ well-being. Instead of expecting long-term effects on comparatively stable cognitive indicators such as life satisfaction, scholars should rather study and identify the spatial and temporal boundaries of digital communication effects on the more fluctuating affective components of well-being.

Culture, Parenting Practices, and Moral Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Joan G. Miller ◽  
Matthew Wice ◽  
Namrata Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Parental Regulation ◽  
Critical Overview

This chapter offers a critical overview of parenting practices and socialization in cultural context. Consideration is given to theory and research on the development of moral emotions, including guilt, shame, and empathy, as well as to cultural variation in the nature of parenting styles and their consequences for child development. Drawing implications for theories of motivation, cultural variation is also analyzed in the legitimacy that children accord to different styles of parental regulation. In conclusion, an argument is made regarding the need to culturally broaden psychological theories of parenting and morality, and to work toward formulating parenting interventions that are more culturally sensitive and effective in realizing culturally variable goals. Challenges are also addressed regarding ways to better understand cultural variation in parenting practices while avoiding the pitfalls of either an extreme relativism or extreme universalism.

Which parents dropout from an evidence-based parenting programme (Triple-P) at CAMHS? Comparison of programme-completing and dropout parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Ozbek ◽  
Ozlem Gencer ◽  
Aybüke Tugçe Mustan
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Triple P ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Parenting Programme ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Behavioural And Emotional Problems

Evidence-based parenting programmes are beneficial for children’s behavioural and emotional problems as well as parenting practices. Along with effectiveness, attendance affects the programme outcome and identification of risks associated with dropout may aid in development of special policy to increase engagement. In this study, we aimed to compare sociodemographics, parental attitudes, child behavioural and emotional problems of programme-completing and dropout parents from Level-4 Triple-P parenting programme applied at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). We also aimed to determine the attrition rate. In addition, we inquired whether there was a change in parenting styles and child behaviour and emotional problems before and after Level-4 Triple-P for the programme-completing parents at CAMHS. Results displayed that 52% ( n = 58) of the parents who were significantly less educated, used hostile rejecting attitudes, and reported more hyperactive/inattentive behaviour in their children compared to the parents who competed the programme ( p = 0.022, p = 0.016, p = 0.027, respectively) discontinued the programme. Parents who were able to complete the programme ( n = 54) reported a reduction in over-parenting and improvements in children’s conduct problems along with overall stress levels before and after Triple-P ( p = 0.009, p = 0.040, p = 0.023). Parents at risk of discontinuing parenting programmes may require special policy to be engaged since these programmes may offer significant benefits for parenting practices and, in turn, children’s well-being.

scholarly journals Family Hardiness and Parent and Family Functioning in Households with Children Experiencing Adverse Life Conditions: a Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Carl J Dunst
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Family Hardiness ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The purposes of the meta-analysis were to evaluate the relationship between family hardiness and different dimensions of parent and family functioning in households experiencing adverse child or family life events and circumstances and determine if family hardiness had either or both stress-buffering and health-enhancing effects on parent and family functioning. Method: Studies were included if the correlations between family hardiness and different dimensions of parental or family functioning were reported. The synthesis included 53 studies (N = 4418 participants) conducted in nine countries between 1992 and 2017. Results: showed that family hardiness was related to less parental stress, anxiety/depression, and parenting burden/demands and positively related to parental global health, well-being, and parenting practices. Results also showed that family hardiness was negatively related to family stress and positively related to family life satisfaction, adaptation, and cohesion. The effects sizes between family hardiness and positive parent and family functioning indicators were larger than those for stress-buffering indicators. Child and family life events and child age moderated the relationship between family hardiness and family but not parental functioning. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that family hardiness is an internal resource that simultaneously has stress-buffering and health-enhancing effects on parent and family functioning.

“THUS WE LIVE, FOREVER TAKING LEAVE”: THE LAUNCHING STAGE IN THE ISRAELI FAMILY

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Lomranz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
Family Theory ◽  
Major Transition

This study conceptualized family launching processes and investigated the reactions of Israeli parents to the conscription of their eldest son into the army, an event normatively initiating launching in the Israeli family. On the basis of family life cycle and adult developmental theory, parents' reactions were conceptualized in terms of two major launching-related tendencies: Holding, and Releasing. A specially constructed Holding/Releasing Questionnaire (HRQ), was administered to 160 couples whose eldest son had been serving in the army for 20 months or less. Results showed no correlation between Holding and Releasing, suggesting two independent and complementary forces in the launching process. Releasing was generally adopted more strongly than Holding, mothers being higher on Holding than fathers. Both, Holding and Releasing correlated negatively with education, and Holding also correlated negatively with personal well-being. The relationships between the HRQ and country of origin, attitudes and relevant past experience, revealed certain gender differences. Findings are discussed in light of launching processes, family theory and developmental interpretations of this major transition in the adult and family life cycle, with reference to the specific cultural context as well as to more general implications.

Aging and well-being in cultural context: With multiple well-being scales

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Kan ◽  
Mayumi Karasawa ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama ◽  
Carol Ryff
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Well Being

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

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