Grant’s North Mississippi Campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, and the Bottomlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Black Labor ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Federal Agents ◽  
War Policy

Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s North Mississippi Campaign (November 1862 until January 1863) planted a powerful Federal army only a few miles north of Vicksburg. The most important Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg was the key to control of the valley that split the Confederacy in two. Grant failed to capture it, but he opened a two-hundred-mile stretch of the valley from Memphis to Vicksburg for federal exploitation. From January to the end of April 1863, during the Bottomlands phase of Grant’s campaign, his men confiscated food and animals from the region, collected slaves as laborers and soldiers, and cared for Black women and children. Federal agents worked abandoned plantations with refugee Black labor. Temporarily stymied in capturing Vicksburg, the Federals reaped benefits from the fertile Mississippi Delta land they occupied, broke down the institution of slavery, and made effective Lincoln’s new directions in war policy.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Irrigation Water Management Practices in the Mississippi Delta

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Carson Roberts ◽  
Drew M. Gholson ◽  
Nicolas Quintana-Ashwell ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Gurbir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Over Time

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is being depleted, and practices that improve water stewardship have been developed to reduce drawdown. This study assesses how Mississippi Delta producers changed their perceptions of these practices over time. The analysis employs data from two surveys carried-out in 2012 and 2014 of all Mississippi permittees who held an agricultural well permit drawing from the MRVAA. Focusing on water-saving practices, this study found that producer perception of the usability of flowmeters improved over time. About 80% and 90% more producers growing corn and soybeans, respectively, felt that computerized hole selection was highly efficient. In 2014, 38% of corn and 35% of soybean producers believed that shortened furrow length was a highly efficient practice—up from 21% in corn and 24% in soybean producers in 2012. Approval of irrigation automation, moisture probes, and other irrigation technology rose from 75%of producers in 2012 to 88% by 2014. Favorability toward water-saving practices increased overall between the survey years.

Confronting Removal

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Amy Murrell Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
White Men ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
The People ◽  
Competing Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the relationship between race and space—between competing ideas for how people of different races should reside spatially—by looking at the Union army’s various attempts to remove refugees en masse. These removals attempted to resettle the people in places far removed from active combat, including northern states, islands in the Mississippi River, and even Haiti. Some of these efforts bore a great deal of resemblance to antebellum colonization plans, and, as in those cases, black men and women in the Civil War largely resisted being sent away. Most of the removals were justified by white officials in environmental terms, driven by racial ideologies that linked particular climates and landscapes to people of color. The chapter also argues that removals were sometimes triggered by concerns about gender and sex too—by beliefs that the physical proximity of black women and white men in military encampments had made rape inevitable.

Beyond Freedom's Reach: An Imperfect Centering of Women and Children Caught within Cuba's Long Emancipation and the Afterlife of Slavery

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 122-144
Author(s):  
Karina L. Cespedes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
African Women ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Free People Of Color ◽  
Sexual Deviancy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Free People

AbstractThis article examines Cuba's long process of gradual emancipation (from 1868–1886) and the continual states of bondage that categorize the afterlife of Cuban slavery. The article addresses deferred freedom, re-enslavement, and maintenance of legal states of bondage in the midst of “freedom.” It contends with the legacy of the casta system, the contradictions within the Moret Law of 1870, which “half-freed” children but not their mothers, and it analyzes the struggle for full emancipation after US occupation, with the thwarted attempt of forming the Partido Independiente de Color to enfranchise populations of color. The article argues that the desire to control the labor of racialized populations, and in particular the labor of black and indigenous women and children, unified Cuban and US slaveholders determined to detain emancipation; and provides an analysis of the re-enslavement of US free people of color at the end of the nineteenth century, kidnapped and brought to the Cuba as a method of bolstering slavery. The article draws on the scholarship of Saidiya Hartman and Shona Jackson to provide an assessment of the afterlife of Cuban slavery, the invisibility of indigenous labor, the hypervisibility of African labor in the Caribbean deployed to maintain white supremacy, and it critiques the humanizing narrative of labor as a means for freedom in order to address the ways in which, for racialized populations in Cuba, wage labor would emerge as a tool of oppression. The article raises an inquiry into the historiography on Cuban slavery to provide a critique of the invisibility of indigenous and African women and children. It also considers the role and place of sexual exchanges/prostitution utilized to obtain freedom and to finance self-manumission, alongside the powerful narratives of the social and sexual deviancy of black women that circulated within nineteenth-century Cuba.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Review of Irrigation Development in the Yazoo–Mississippi Delta from 1991 to 2020

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548
Author(s):  
Tsz Him Lo ◽  
H. C. (Lyle) Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Hydric Soils ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Mississippi River

The Yazoo–Mississippi Delta is one of the regions within the Lower Mississippi River Basin where substantial irrigation development and consequent groundwater depletion have occurred over the past three decades. To describe this irrigation development, a study was conducted to analyze existing geospatial datasets and to synthesize the results with those of past government surveys. The effort produced a quantitative review characterizing three aspects of irrigation development from 1991 to 2020. First, the expansion of irrigated area was tracked in terms of absolute area and in terms of fraction relative to total land or cropland area. Second, trends in irrigated land cover were traced in terms of irrigated crop mix, irrigated fractions of main crops, and comparisons with non-irrigated land. Third, changes in irrigation systems were examined in terms of water sources, energy sources, and application methods. Original findings of this study for the end of 2020 included moderate positive spatial autocorrelation in the density of irrigated areas; a higher irrigated crop preference for soybean and rice over cotton and corn in highly hydric soils; and 91% and 3% of permitted areas studied being respectively under groundwater withdrawal permits exclusively and under surface water diversion permits exclusively. By compiling such information, this paper can serve as a convenient reference on the recent history and status of irrigation development in the Yazoo–Mississippi Delta.

scholarly journals Fluvial sediment pathways enlightened by OSL bleaching of river sediments and deltaic deposits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chamberlain ◽  
Jakob Wallinga
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Meandering Channel ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Mouth Bar

Abstract. While a number of studies have investigated bleaching of the optical signals of sediments in rivers and deltas, unified trends and mechanisms for bleaching in these settings remain unresolved. Here, we explore the bleaching of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal of quartz sediments in a large fluviodeltaic system across time and space, by comparing residual doses of sand and silt from the modern Mississippi River channel with estimated residual doses of sand isolated from Late Holocene Mississippi Delta mouth bar and overbank deposits. Further insight is obtained from a comparison of burial ages of paired quartz sand and silt of Mississippi Delta overbank deposits. Contrasting some previous investigations, we find that the bleaching of the OSL signal is at least as likely for finer sediment as for coarser sediment of the meandering Mississippi River and its delta. In addition we find an unexpected spatiotemporal pattern in OSL bleaching of mouth bar sand deposits. We suggest this may be caused by changes in upstream pathways of the meandering channel belt(s) within the alluvial valley, or by distributary channel and coastal dynamics within the delta. Our study demonstrates that the degree of OSL bleaching of sand in a large delta can be highly time- and/or space-dependent. Silt is shown to be generally sufficiently bleached in both the modern Mississippi River and associated paleo-deposits regardless of age, and may provide a viable option for obtaining OSL chronologies in megadeltas. In addition to informing dating approaches, our work contributes to initiatives to use luminescence signals to fingerprint sediment pathways within river channel networks and their deltas.

Indian Removals

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Old Northwest ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Native American Tribes ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Western Migration ◽  
The 19Th Century

Indian removals as a topic primarily encompasses the relocation of Native American tribes from American-claimed states and territories east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the Mississippi River in the first half of the 19th century. The bill passed by Congress in May 1830 referred to as the Indian Removal Act is the legislative expression of the ideology upon which federal and state governments acted to accomplish the dispossession and relocation of tens of thousands of Native American peoples during that time. Through both treaty negotiations and coercion, federal officials used the authority of removal policies to obtain land cessions and resettle eastern Indians in what is known in the early 21st century as Kansas and Oklahoma. These actions, in conjunction with non-Indian population growth and western migration, made it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for any tribes to remain on their eastern lands. The Cherokee Trail of Tears, which entailed the forced removal of approximately fourteen thousand men, women, and children from Georgia starting in the summer of 1838 until the spring of 1839, remains the most well-known illustration of this policy and its impact. Yet the comprehensive histories of removals encompass the forced relocations of tens of thousands of indigenous men, women, and children from throughout the Southeast as well as the Old Northwest from the 1810s into the 1850s.

Facing Combat

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-139
Author(s):  
Amy Murrell Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Mississippi River Valley ◽  
United States Colored Troops ◽  
Women And Children

This chapter follows Eliza Bogan’s journey, and those of many thousands more, as they moved through the Mississippi River valley during the tumultuous years of 1863 and 1864. It begins with Bogan’s flight to the refugee camp in Helena, Arkansas, where her third husband, Silas Small, had gone to enlist in a regiment of the United States Colored Troops. But the upheaval of combat violence, especially during the 1863 Vicksburg Campaign, pushed Bogan and thousands of other refugees out of Helena and into other parts of the Mississippi River valley. The chapter then describes Bogan’s decision to join her husband’s regiment as a laundress and argues that positions like these opened up room for women in the Union army’s combat apparatus. This, along with the Union’s decision to resettle women and children on leased plantations in the region, as workers but also as occupiers of those plantations, reveals how deeply embedded all formerly enslaved people were in formal combat -- and in the Union army’s determined effort to defeat their former owners.

scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Update on Blastomycosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Saccente ◽  
Gail L. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Long Course ◽  
St Lawrence River

SUMMARY Blastomycosis is endemic in regions of North America that border the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, as well as in the Mississippi River and Ohio River basins. Men are affected more often than women and children because men are more likely to participate in activities that put them at risk for exposure to Blastomyces dermatitidis. Human infection occurs when soil containing microfoci of mycelia is disturbed and airborne conidia are inhaled. If natural defenses in the alveoli fail to contain the infection, lymphohematogenous dissemination ensues. Normal host responses generate a characteristic pyogranulomatous reaction. The most common sites of clinical disease are the lung and skin; osseous, genitourinary, and central nervous system manifestations follow in decreasing order of frequency. Blastomycosis is one of the great mimickers in medicine; verrucous cutaneous blastomycosis resembles malignancy, and mass-like lung opacities due to B. dermatitidis often are confused with cancer. Blastomycosis may be clinically indistinguishable from tuberculosis. Diagnosis is based on culture and direct visualization of round, multinucleated yeast forms that produce daughter cells from a single broad-based bud. Although a long course of amphotericin B is usually curative, itraconazole is also highly effective and is the mainstay of therapy for most patients with blastomycosis.

scholarly journals Building Perinatal Case Manager Capacity Using Quality Improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Case Manager ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Potential Strategy

ABSTRACTImproving breastfeeding rates among Black women is a potential strategy to address disparities in health outcomes that disproportionately impact Black women and children. This quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed to improve perinatal case manager knowledge and self-efficacy to promote breastfeeding among Black, low-income women who use services through Boston Healthy Start Initiative. QI methodology was used to develop and test a two-part strategy for perinatal case managers to promote and support breastfeeding. A positive change was observed in infant feeding knowledge and case manager self-efficacy to promote breastfeeding. Among the 24 mothers participating in this QI initiative, 100% initiated and continued breastfeeding at 1 week postpartum, and 92% were breastfeeding at 2 weeks postpartum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document