‘Little Snarling Lapdogs’

2019 ◽  
pp. 456-472
Author(s):  
Melinda Alliker Rabb
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Apparent Shift ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
At Home

The domestic sphere increases as a subject for satire in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Literary histories assert satire’s decline after 1750 when creative energy shifts towards home, family, nature, individual subjectivity, and private feelings. But the apparent shift towards representations of domesticity does not simply displace but rather offers new opportunities to satire which insinuates itself into modes of writing almost as soon as they are formed and changes the shape they ultimately assume. In contrast to earlier satires on public figures, from royalty and ministers to prostitutes and Grub Street hacks, domestic satire often focuses on families and households, and on the precarious lives of dependants, servants, spinsters, illegitimate offspring, and other persons of socially ambiguous standing. Satire in an age of rising colonialism, economic competition, class struggle, and industrialization, must look beyond court and coffee-house into the parlour where satire has made itself at home.

Deconstructing female conventions

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Rodríguez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
At Home

Summary This paper examines Ann Fisher’s (1719–1778) most important and influential work, A New Grammar (1745?). In this grammar, the author did not follow the trend of making English grammar fit the Latin pattern, a common practice still in the eighteenth century. Instead, she wrote an English grammar based on the nature and observation of her mother tongue. Besides, she scattered throughout her grammar a wide set of teaching devices, the ‘examples of bad English’ being her most important contribution. Her innovations and her new approach to the description of English grammar were indeed welcomed by contemporary readers, since her grammar saw almost forty editions and reprints, it influenced other grammarians, for instance Thomas Spence (1750–1814), and it reached other markets, such as London. In order to understand more clearly the value of this grammar and of its author, this grammar has to be seen in the context of her life. For this reason, we will also discuss some details of her unconventional lifestyle: unconventional in the sense that she led her life in the public sphere, not happy with the prevailing idea that women should be educated for a life at home.

COMMUNICATING EMPIRE: THE HABSBURGS AND THEIR CRITICS, 1700–1919

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Power Base ◽  
The One ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTIn the vibrant current debate about European empires and their ideologies, one basic dichotomy still tends to be overlooked: that between, on the one hand, the plurality of modern empires of colonisation, commerce and settlement; and, on the other, the traditional claim to single and undividedimperiumso long embodied in the Roman Empire and its successor, the Holy Roman Empire, or (First) Reich. This paper examines the tensions between the two, as manifested in the theory and practice of Habsburg imperial rule. The Habsburgs, emperors of the Reich almost continuously through its last centuries, sought to build their own power-base within and beyond it. The first half of the paper examines how by the eighteenth century their ‘Monarchy’, subsisting alongside the Reich, dealt with the associated legacy of empire. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 the Habsburgs could pursue a free-standing Austrian ‘imperialism’, but it rested on an uneasy combination of old and new elements and was correspondingly vulnerable to challenge from abroad and censure at home. The second half of the article charts this aspect of Habsburg government through an age of international imperialism and its contribution to the collapse of the Dual Monarchy in 1918.

scholarly journals XII.—Memoir of the Life and Writings of Robert Whytt, M.D., Professor of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh from 1747 to 1766.

1862 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Seller
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Busy Period ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
At Home

It does not always happen that the memory of inquirers into nature, who have the merit or the fortune to strike first into a right path, is cherished as it deserves. This remark applies forcibly to the eminent person, whether regarded as a physiologist or as a physician, of whose life aud labours a brief memoir is now laid before the Society. The name of Robert Whytt was familiar to his contemporaries both at home and abroad. Increase of distance should hardly yet have dimmed its lustre. Yet, in proportion as the views which he initiated have expanded more and more in growing to maturity, the less and less is heard of their author. Biography—which never did Whytt great justice—begins already to put him aside. A few particulars of his life, with a catalogue of his works, have hitherto been common in books of that description, principally in those of Germany and France. In some newer French biographies his name has dropped out. But of a late Edinburgh Biographical Dictionary, extending to not a few volumes, while restricted to the lives of eminent Scotsmen, it will hardly obtain credit that an early luminary of the rising University, conspicuous among the European leaders of medical science during a busy period of the eighteenth century, should, amidst a cloud of mediocrity, be there sought for in vain.

Edmund Burke, Dissent and Church and State

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Church State Relations ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church ◽  
At Home

This chapter examines Edmund Burke’s attitude towards Protestant dissenters, particularly the more radical or rational ones who were prominent in the late eighteenth century, as a way of understanding his changing attitude towards the Church of England and state. The Dissenters who attracted Burke’s attention were those who were interested in extending the terms of toleration both for ministers and for their laity. Initially Burke supported their aspirations, but from about 1780 things began to change. The catalyst for Burke’s emergence as leader of those who feared that revolution abroad might become a distemper at home was Richard Price’s Discourse on Love of Our Country. The chapter analyses how Burke moved from advocating toleration for Dissenters to become a staunch defender of establishment as to have ‘un-Whigged’ himself. It also considers the debate on the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts as well as Burke’s attitude towards Church–state relations.

Provisioning the Nation

Fit for War ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Staples ◽  
Periods Of Stress ◽  
At Home

Chapter 7 provides an examination of mid-eighteenth century Catawba foodways. As the primary producers of the plant food staples that sustained their communities, Catawba women dealt with the stresses to food security brought about by the Nation’s militarism. Archaeobotanical analysis (Archaeobotany) suggests that by the early eighteenth century, maize had replaced acorns as a source of starch in Catawba diets and that once this change occurred, agricultural intensification was preferred over acorn collection during periods of stress. However, it does appear that Charraw Town residents in particular incorporated more foraged fruits into their diets on a regular basis during the mid-eighteenth century, and also seem to have been processing less food at home. The implications of these patterns are considered with regard to the Charraw’s status as a refugee community within the Catawba Nation.

The Multiple Geographies of War Captivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-182
Author(s):  
Renaud Morieux
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The State ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Spatial Displacements ◽  
At Home

Chapter 3 proposes to define prisoners of war as forced migrants. Although the notions of circulation and imprisonment seem antithetical, this chapter posits that spatial displacements were at the heart of the experience of war imprisonment. It is often forgotten that prisoners of war, by definition, moved, and that this mobility was systemic. For anyone captured at sea, phases of detention on land alternated with internment on anchored or moving ships. The circulations of prisoners of war within, between, and across empires are all part of the same system. By comparing metropolitan, Atlantic, and Caribbean mobility, the shared features of the eighteenth-century state, at home and in the colonies, are highlighted. The prisoners’ strategies to play the system are, it is argued, a side-effect of the limitations of the reach of the state.

James Bradley, Sailing on the Thames

Lightspeed ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
John C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
The Universe ◽  
At Home

The story of the astronomical observations of James Bradley in the eighteenth century, whose measurements of the small movements of a star throughout the year provided an independent estimate of the speed of the Earth around the Sun relative to the speed of light. His work provided the first experimental evidence in support of Copernicus’s theory that the earth is in motion, and against the idea that it is stationary at the center of the universe. His simple telescope at home, his brilliant idea and perseverance, and his life’s work and influence. The importance of his result for the development of Einstein’s theory of relativity and for theories of the Aether in the following centuries.

Lakṣmī

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-303
Author(s):  
Saswati Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Woman ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
The Times

In Bengal, Lakṣmī bratakathās begin to appear from the middle of the eighteenth century and proliferate in a standardized format from the next century. This representation of the goddess, as a domestic deity, is a mark of the times—especially the debut of the ‘new woman’—as the Lakṣmī lore had long been in circulation. The moral centre of these bratakathās is the good wife of caste-patriarchal construction who is assumed to be a monolithic ideal for all gathered under the term Hindu. The by-product of the nascent discourse of nationalism in its search for the autonomous space of the subject body is better understanding of the importance of the domestic sphere, and the Hindu wife. However, this understanding clouds the fact that the goddess had several independent cults. This construction cannot be understood in exclusion to the popularity of Rādhā whose representation presents almost a counter-narrative to the golden conjugality of Lakṣmī.

Change Theory

2011 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Catherine Schifter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Overhead Projector ◽  
To Come ◽  
At Home

How difficult is change? According to those who study change in schools and classrooms, change is something that is always occurring, or things remain the same. As Seymour Papert noted in 1993, if a teacher from the eighteenth century were to come into a classroom today, most likely they would feel right at home. In many cases students are still sitting in rows, perhaps not parallel rows, but rows nonetheless. There are books and papers around. Perhaps they would not be familiar with the overhead projector, but it would not take long to learn how to use it. Maps still hang on the walls. There might even be a computer somewhere in the room, but it might not be turned on, so no problem there. Making classrooms modern has not meant changing the typical look, feel and layout of the traditional classroom.

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