The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
History Of

Deliberative democracy has been the main game in contemporary political theory for two decades and has grown enormously in size and importance in political science and many other disciplines, and in political practice. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy takes stock of deliberative democracy as a research field, as well as exploring and creating links with multiple disciplines and policy practice around the globe. It provides a concise history of deliberative ideals in political thought while also discussing their philosophical origins. It locates deliberation in a political system with different spaces, publics, and venues, including parliament and courts but also governance networks, protests, mini-publics, old and new media, and everyday talk. It documents the intersections of deliberative ideals with contemporary political theory, involving epistemology, representation, constitutionalism, justice, and multiculturalism. It explores the intersections of deliberative democracy with major research fields in the social sciences and law, including social and rational choice theory, communications, psychology, sociology, international relations, framing approaches, policy analysis, planning, democratization, and methodology. It engages with practical applications, mapping deliberation as a reform movement and as a device for conflict resolution. It documents the practice and study of deliberative democracy around the world, in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and global governance. And it provides reflections on the field by pioneering thinkers.

Gender and Diversity in E-Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Schmitz ◽  
Ruth Mebmer ◽  
Britta Schinzel
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learning Scenarios ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
Technical Construction

Multimediality, interactivity, and inter-connection as well as independence of place and time are potentials of e-learning and can bring about an increase in quality and flexibility of learning. E-learning comprises a variety of scenarios, which differ in their didactic approach and application of media technology. Reinmann-Rothmeier (2002) refers to a model of Back, Seufert, and Kramhöller (1998) consisting of three scenarios according to the main function of new media in the learning process. In e-learning by interacting, the new media facilitate interactions between users and the system, in e-learning by distributing, the new media function as distributors of information, and in e-learning by collaborating, the new media are applied in order to support group work. This trisection traces roughly the history of e-learning. Up until the mid 1990s, e-learning mostly consisted of programs on CD-ROMs run by learners on single PC-units. With the spreading of the Internet, the search for and distribution of information via the Web has continuously grown in importance. Currently, efforts are being made to improve interactivity and collaboration between learners and teachers to overcome the isolation of e-learners using CBT. Blended learning concepts evolved and CSCL emerged as a research field to consider technical and didactic aspects of online collaboration. Influenced by the shift in didactics from an instructional to a constructivist paradigm, current research questions are, however preferences, skills, and demands of users can be integrated into e-learning technology. Along with this development, gender aspects have become a focus of research. In this article, we will first clarify how the co-construction between gender and technology can be understood without lapsing into dichotomous and self-reifying patterns. We will then outline the multifaceted network of gender aspects in e-learning. We aim to develop a list of demands for e-learning scenarios and will propose an approach for technical construction that takes gender and diversity demands into account.

Social Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy: A Comment

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN ALDRED
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Choice Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Mistaken Assumption ◽  
Critical Scrutiny

In a recent paper, Dryzek and List attempt a reconciliation of Social Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy. Such an attempt is certainly long overdue and their original article is an important first step. In some ways it succeeds. In particular, they show that much of the imagined tension between the two theoretical frameworks is illusory and due to the mistaken assumption that many of the claims of rational choice theory form part of social choice theory (SCT) too. But in the nature of a Comment, I shall concentrate on aspects of their discussion which in my view warrant more critical scrutiny.

scholarly journals Modern slavery policies in a conceptual perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Imran Sarihasan ◽  
Domicián Máté
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of

Most of the people assume modern slavery end up in 19th century. However, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO), today 40 million people live as a slave. Moreover, modern slavery is the world’s fastest growing crime and has huge number, which never occurred in history before. One of the main limitation of the existing literature on contemporary slavery is that it ignores the history of slavery either entirely or alternatively between past and present. However, this article aims to figure out the role of modern slavery, also recommends some suggestions to governments to solve the problem of it. The aim of this paper is to addressing to the modern slavery policies in a conceptual perspective. In the theoretical framework of modern slavery, rational choice theory, conflict theory and human security theory have been selected to describe the sequence of modern slavery.

A history of the Allais paradox

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORIS HEUKELOM
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allais Paradox ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
History Of ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Two Sides

AbstractThis article documents the history of the Allais paradox, and shows that underneath the many discussions of the various protagonists lay different, irreconcilable epistemological positions. Savage, like his mentor von Neumann and similar to economist Friedman, worked from an epistemology of generalized characterizations. Allais, on the other hand, like economists Samuelson and Baumol, started from an epistemology of exact descriptions in which every axiom was an empirical claim that could be refuted directly by observations. As a result, the two sides failed to find a common ground. Only a few decades later was the now so-called Allais paradox rediscovered as an important precursor when a new behavioural economic subdiscipline started to adopt the epistemology of exact descriptions and its accompanying falsifications of rational choice theory.

scholarly journals On Rationality

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Craske ◽  
Janis Loschmann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Duke University

Rationality is an enduring topic of interest across the disciplines and has become even more so, given the current crises that are unfolding in our society. The four books reviewed here, which are written by academics working in economics, political science, political theory and philosophy, provide an interdisciplinary engagement with the idea of rationality and the way it has shaped the institutional frameworks and global political economy of our time. Rational choice theory has certainly proved to be a useful analytic tool in certain contexts, and instrumental reason has been a key tenet of human progress in several periods of history, including the industrial revolution and the modernity that emerged in the nineteenth century. Given the complexity of our current challenges, however, is it time to ask whether this paradigm might be better complemented by more holistic and heterodox approaches? Hindmoor A and Taylor TY (2015) Rational Choice (Political Analysis), 2nd edn. London; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Massumi (2015) The Power at the End of the Economy. Durham: Duke University Press. Brown (2015) Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. New York: Zone Books. Ludovisi SG (ed.) (2015) Critical Theory and the Challenge of Praxis: Beyond Reification. Farnham; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Jon Elster, Sour Grapes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Adaptive Preferences ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter evaluates Jon Elster’s Sour Grapes: Studies in the Subversion of Rationality thirty-five years after publication. In the first section of the chapter, Elster’s work is put in intellectual context. The chapter draws attention to the significance of Elster’s framework in changing our understanding and scope of rational choice theory. It argues that the focus on adaptive preferences has opened up important questions for any political theory and policy science confronting the relationship between experts and the agents theorized. In the second section of the chapter Elster’s aesthetics and his critical treatment of Foucault is re-evaluated and found to be less compelling. In particular, Elster’s critique of a certain kind of consequence explanation is criticized.

scholarly journals Half-a-century of gamma-ray astrophysics at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schönfelder ◽  
Jochen Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Gamma Ray Astronomy ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of

AbstractGamma-ray astronomy has been one of the prime scientific research fields of the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) from its beginning. Over the years, the entire gamma-ray energy range accessible from space was explored. The purpose of this review article is to summarise the achievements of the gamma-ray group at MPE during the last 50+ years. This covers a substantial part of the general history of space-based gamma-ray astronomy, for which both, general review articles (e.g. Pinkau in Exp Astron 5: 157, 2009; Schönfelder in AN 323: 524, 2002; Trimble in AIP Conf Proc 304: 40, 1994) and a detailed tabular list of events and missions (Leonard and Gehrels in https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/history, version 1.0.8, 2009), have been compiled. Here, we describe the gamma-ray activities at MPE from the beginning till the present, reviewing the tight interplay between new technological developments towards new instruments and scientific progress in understanding gamma-ray sources in the sky. This covers (i) the early development of instruments and their tests on half a dozen balloon flights, (ii) the involvement in the most important space missions at the time, i.e. ESA’s COS-B satellite, NASA’s Compton Gamma-ray Observatory and Fermi Space Telescope, as well as ESA’s INTEGRAL observatory, (iii) the participation in several other missions such as TD-1, Solar Maximum Mission, or Ulysses, and (iv) the complementary ground-based optical instruments OPTIMA and GROND to enhance selected science topics (pulsars, gamma-ray bursts). With the gradual running-out of institutional support since 2010, gamma-ray astrophysics as a main research field has now come to an end at MPE.

Rational Choice Theory and the 1990 Party Merger in South Korea

OUGHTOPIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-282
Author(s):  
In-Kyun Kim ◽  
Myeong-Geon Koh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document