Orthographic Projection and the Elaboration of the Imaginary

<p>With the development of digital technologies, orthographic projection has been slowly removed from the process of architectural design. Instead, orthographic projection drawings are increasingly utilised purely post-design in the form of technical construction documents. Yet, according to Robin Evans orthographic projection is an active agency in the formation of images, and an effective agency for the elaboration of imaginary objects. Furthermore, for Iain Fraser and Rod Henmi orthographic projection produces conceptually sophisticated constructs whose abstract representation of space allows certain aspects and relationship to be seen which may not otherwise be visible. This thesis argues that the reduced role of orthographic projection in the process of design has affected architects' ability to elaborate the imaginary. To investigate the potential of orthographic projection in the elaboration of the imaginary, this thesis expands upon Marco Frascari's written theory of technological images as a palimpsest displaying three overlapping relationships: (1) between a real artefact and the reflected or projected image of it, (2) between a real artefact and its instrumental image, and (3) between the instrumental image and its symbolic image. To expand upon this theory graphically this thesis employs a methodology of architectural drawing as research. Outlined by Clemens Steenbergen, this framework proposes three distinct forms of architectural drawing that constitute research. This thesis couples these three forms with Frascari's three overlapping relationships of a technological image: (1) The Reproduction Drawings aim to register more accurately how something is made up through a process which interprets the object of observation and incorporates it into memory. These drawings embody the first overlapping relationship of Frascari's, technological image, between a real artefact and the projected image of it. (2) Analytical Drawings reveal abstract qualities and potentials by reducing the complex compositions of the first series to their elementary geometric forms, lines and grids. These drawings embody the second overlapping relationship, between a real artefact and its instrumental image. (3) Experimental Drawings project the reproduction and analytical drawings into an existing context to expand upon or reinforce the relationships and conceptual connections formed in relation to the site in the preceding two series. The effects of these interventions are assessed and altered, ultimately leading to new concepts and new compositions. These drawings aim to elaborate imaginative relationships between buildings and architectural ideas, through a process Frascari terms a mutual measure derived from a familiar nature. These drawings embody the third and final overlapping relationship between the instrumental and its symbolic image. By extending upon Frascari's theory graphically, this thesis argues that orthographic projection remains a valuable tool in the process of design. The real artefact chosen to demonstrate the continued value of orthographic projection is Wellington's Civic Square. This site was selected as the buildings located around its formal rectilinear domain offer a heterogeneous mix of civic architecture, ranging from the strictly orthogonal Town Hall and City Gallery to the curvilinear Public Library and City Administration Building. This site offers the opportunity to test both the advantages and disadvantages of orthographic projection, for the reading of architecture and the elaboration of the imaginary, within a formally diverse existing urban environment.</p>

Orthographic Projection and the Elaboration of the Imaginary

<p>With the development of digital technologies, orthographic projection has been slowly removed from the process of architectural design. Instead, orthographic projection drawings are increasingly utilised purely post-design in the form of technical construction documents. Yet, according to Robin Evans orthographic projection is an active agency in the formation of images, and an effective agency for the elaboration of imaginary objects. Furthermore, for Iain Fraser and Rod Henmi orthographic projection produces conceptually sophisticated constructs whose abstract representation of space allows certain aspects and relationship to be seen which may not otherwise be visible. This thesis argues that the reduced role of orthographic projection in the process of design has affected architects' ability to elaborate the imaginary. To investigate the potential of orthographic projection in the elaboration of the imaginary, this thesis expands upon Marco Frascari's written theory of technological images as a palimpsest displaying three overlapping relationships: (1) between a real artefact and the reflected or projected image of it, (2) between a real artefact and its instrumental image, and (3) between the instrumental image and its symbolic image. To expand upon this theory graphically this thesis employs a methodology of architectural drawing as research. Outlined by Clemens Steenbergen, this framework proposes three distinct forms of architectural drawing that constitute research. This thesis couples these three forms with Frascari's three overlapping relationships of a technological image: (1) The Reproduction Drawings aim to register more accurately how something is made up through a process which interprets the object of observation and incorporates it into memory. These drawings embody the first overlapping relationship of Frascari's, technological image, between a real artefact and the projected image of it. (2) Analytical Drawings reveal abstract qualities and potentials by reducing the complex compositions of the first series to their elementary geometric forms, lines and grids. These drawings embody the second overlapping relationship, between a real artefact and its instrumental image. (3) Experimental Drawings project the reproduction and analytical drawings into an existing context to expand upon or reinforce the relationships and conceptual connections formed in relation to the site in the preceding two series. The effects of these interventions are assessed and altered, ultimately leading to new concepts and new compositions. These drawings aim to elaborate imaginative relationships between buildings and architectural ideas, through a process Frascari terms a mutual measure derived from a familiar nature. These drawings embody the third and final overlapping relationship between the instrumental and its symbolic image. By extending upon Frascari's theory graphically, this thesis argues that orthographic projection remains a valuable tool in the process of design. The real artefact chosen to demonstrate the continued value of orthographic projection is Wellington's Civic Square. This site was selected as the buildings located around its formal rectilinear domain offer a heterogeneous mix of civic architecture, ranging from the strictly orthogonal Town Hall and City Gallery to the curvilinear Public Library and City Administration Building. This site offers the opportunity to test both the advantages and disadvantages of orthographic projection, for the reading of architecture and the elaboration of the imaginary, within a formally diverse existing urban environment.</p>

A Flow Analysis Using a Water Tunnel of an Innovative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the results of a non-standard unnamed aerial vehicle construction with a constant cross-section square-shaped avionic profile. Based on the model’s in-air observed maneuverability, the research of avionic construction behavior was carried out in a water tunnel. The results show the model’s specific lift capabilities in comparison to classical avionic constructions. The characteristic results of the lift coefficient showed that the unmanned aerial vehicle presents favorable features than classic avionic constructions. The model was created with the prospect of using it in the future for dual-use purposes, where unmanned aerial vehicles are currently experiencing very rapid development. When creating the prototype, the focus was on low production cost, as well as convenience in operation. The development of this type of breakthrough avionic solution, which shows extraordinary maneuverability, may contribute to increasing the popularity and, above all, the availability of unmanned aerial vehicles for the largest possible group of recipients because of high avionic properties in relation to the technical construction complexity.

Researches regarding the modernizing of hydro-technical designing through assisted designing

Hydro-technical works differ from the other engineering constructions due to the fact that they are subject to water influence. In nature, water exerts mechanical, physical, chemical and biological actions. Water’s mechanical action is expressed by hydrostatic pressure and dynamic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure represents the main stress, which generally determines the form and size of hydro- technical construction. As a rule, dynamic pressure is exerted by water in motion upon the elements it enters into contact. The present paper present with the dimensioning of the pipe segments, focusing on the joining of these and the simulation in conditions as close as possible to reality, of the water pipe, within the help of finite element analysis, but also with specialized simulation software. After analysis, verification and fabrication of the pipe segments, they must be transported and mounted on the inclined plane. The constructive solution of the transport sleigh for the pipes transported on the inclined plane is also verified at requests with the help of the Solid Work software, in order to be able to use it in safe conditions.

Modern approach to the history of financial law development in Russia and abroad

Introduction. Based on a modern approach, the article provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts that have influenced the history of financial law development both in Russia and abroad. Financial law in addition is studied as an independent object of scientific interest both in retrospect and in the context of the statics and dynamics of modern scientific knowledge.Materials and methods. The article is based on such techniques as: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, analogy, and others. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific and special legal methods: systemstructural, method of dogmatic analysis, method of interpretation of legal norms, method of legal and technical construction, comparative legal, formal legal, logical method, etc.Results. The analysis showed that the formation of financial law, both in Russia and abroad, is related to the emergence of monetary (exchange) operations and the emergence of a state. The sources of financial law that have come down to our days have changed, transformed, and formed new ones. The creation of a new financial system of the state is associated with the implementation of the state’s functions for creating and managing financial resources without delegating the relevant authority to anyone.Discussion and conclusion. The study showed that the formation of financial law as an Autonomous branch of law was predetermined by the emergence and development of such fundamental elements of economic relations as taxes, budget, money, etc. Social relations that were previously regulated by financial law are gaining new features. This is primarily related to the formation of market relations. This fact should be taken into account when developing new rules in future sources of financial law in order to achieve the most effective impact on public relations

Landscape Sustainability of Architecture in Fernando Menis’s Work: A Sensitive Design Rooted in Volcanic Nature

The many declinations of the idea of sustainability in architecture concern different disciplinary areas as well as all phases of the construction process. Alongside the more established categories of the sustainability of materials used and the technical construction processes and economic investments mobilized, there are now new facets of the idea of sustainability. They affect the impact that architecture can have on communities in terms of social relations and quality of context of life. This work explores the idea of landscape sustainability of architecture, understood as the ability of man-made interventions to belong to the context and the inhabitants, while promoting forms of alliance with the ecosystems at multiple spatial and temporal scale. Starting from the analysis of some trends in contemporary architecture that deals with these problems, the research identifies the volcanic environment as a terrain for exploration, with particular interest in its natural characteristics and dynamic interactions with anthropic contexts. After choosing the region of Macaronesia as a case study, the research focuses on the work of Fernando Menis. As an architect from the Canary Islands, he has developed his own modus operandi which, while rooted in its original context, is inspired by principles of social, cultural, and landscape sustainability of architecture that are valid today everywhere. The objective of this work is therefore to draw a reflection from his architectural poetics, with the intention of outlining the features of a possible contemporary design posture based on principles of landscape sustainability.

Artistic construction tools in Samrawyat's novel, Hajji Jaber: أدوات البناء الفني في رواية (سَمراويتْ) لحجي جابر

This research bears the name: (Artistic Building Tools in Samarawit Novel) by Hajji Jaber, and he addressed technical building tools as one of the technical analysis tools in stylistics, and he came in three demands: He addressed in the first requirement: the terms of study such as the technical building tools and narrative and narrative imagery, and in The second requirement: The study studied the structure of fictional speech in a novel (Samarawit), and defined the technical thresholds, and the third topic: Dealing with the tools of technical construction in the novel and the space of the novel time and space. The research has come out with some results and recommendations such as the importance of the modern stylistic study of narrative imagination, the tools of artistic construction in it, and the efforts of the narrator in transferring the story with its elements from the monotony of traditional narration to narrative imagination.

Employers' perspectives on work readiness in construction: are project management graduates hitting the ground running?

PurposeThere is a need for graduates who can quickly adjust and thrive within the current increasingly dynamic project-based workplaces. The purpose of this paper is to present the employers' perspectives on the work readiness of project management graduates entering the Australian construction industry.Design/methodology/approachTo gain the industry's perspective, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from 18 different construction companies that employ project management graduates.FindingsThematic analysis revealed that from the employers' perspective, work readiness constitutes (1) empathic communication, (2) passion and (3) technical construction knowledge. Graduates' areas of strength (e.g. application of technology) and weakness (e.g. responding to confrontational situations) were identified.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights into employers' perspectives of the work readiness of project management graduates which can serve as feedback to universities to assist in aligning their educational programmes with industry needs.Social implicationsWhile employers recognize that the responsibility for fostering work readiness should be shared between themselves and universities, this research highlights that currently adequate collaboration does not occur. This paper advocates for both universities and employers to be open to engaging in the conversation to enhance graduate work readiness.Originality/valueNo research to date has investigated the work readiness of project management graduates, nor whether their work readiness levels meet employers' requirements. This paper addresses this gap.

Technical construction tools in a novel "The Dream of Long Distance" by Suleiman Al Qawabba: أدوات البناء الفني في رواية "حلم المسافات البعيدة" لسليمان القوابعة

This research promotes the acquaintance with a writer from the writers distinguished in the creativity of the narrative text، through criticizing his novel The Dream of Distant Distances، and the two visions: substance and constructivism will be highlighted. The research presents the indications that the writer intended for his creativity، whether these indications are social or political، relying in this on a concerted artistic construction in which the vocabulary of the narrative text is concerned، the relationship of the form to the content، because whatever the contents and ideas that the literary text holds، they are of little benefit، or not Influential at best، unless it is embodied in an expressive and attractive artistic style، through which the writer can reach the achievement of a text in which the content with the form is a coherent organic unity.