History of the Egyptian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 929-956
Author(s):  
Andréas Stauder
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Discontinuous Nature ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Change Concerns ◽  
Written Performance

The history of the Egyptian language is both a linguistic and a cultural one. Considerable synchronic variation can be observed in the record, reflecting the various high-cultural and social settings and determinations of written performance in ancient Egypt at various times. Over the longue durée, Egyptian underwent a series of major typological changes, which, however, are only the overall results of a series of more minute changes following regular principles, paths, and mechanisms of linguistic change, such as grammaticalization. Current research is diverse: it strives for a more detailed description of linguistic change, concerns linguistic contacts with other languages, emphasizes the importance of synchronic variation of all sorts, and problematizes the partly discontinuous nature of the written record by which Egyptian, as a corpus language, presents itself.

The Subaltern Critique of Dominant Historiography and a Case for Retrieving a Historiography of Dalit Literary Traditions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Vandana
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Third World

In order to retrieve literary history in India, teleology operates on three levels: ancient, medieval and modern. As per the longue duree approach to the study of history, history is not an event or an object, but like the concept of time, is a configuration and a process. The history of the longue duree gives priority to long-term monumental historic patterns, moments and shifts in society, that is, the slow-paced structural processes which tend to have strong historical consequences. Similarly, languages and literatures, too, marked by historical catastrophes, undergo a process of sedimentation. For this reason, instead of a single literary history of South Asia, Sheldon Pollock proposes the concept of ‘literary cultures’ which allows room for ‘historical individuation’ of each culture rather than homogenising them merely for the sake of historical analysis. The basic questions that I have tried to look into through this study include: Why is it problematic to retrieve literary history in India? Why is it essential to have an alternative literary historiography of Dalit literature? How does Dalit subalternity differ from colonial subalternity? How the Dalit voice is disintegrated from within because of the prevalence of graded inequality? What constitutes the politics of history writing and canon formation in the third world countries like India where retrieving subaltern literary trends remain a problematic discourse?

POVERTY'S PASTS: A CASE FORLONGUE DURÉESTUDIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHIANNON STEPHENS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Class Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

AbstractThis article examines how historians have approached the history of poverty in Africa before European colonisation. From an earlier focus on the emergence of class difference to more recent studies on the emergence of poverty, scholars have demonstrated the longevity of economic inequality in Africa. This historiography counters a linear view of the growth of economic inequality and the idea that poverty is a necessary corollary of wealth. The article then considers how historians have studied the meanings of poverty within particular societies to the nineteenth century allowing us to move beyond the inadequacy of quantitative data. It ends by arguing for morelongue duréestudies of poverty in Africa with a focus on the qualitative and on the internal dynamics of particular societies. This will improve our knowledge about how colonial rule changed the experience and reality of poverty for people across the continent and form a basis for comparative studies.

Staging and Embodiment of the Tragic in Pina Bausch's Orpheus and Eurydice (1975)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Nicole Haitzinger
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Dance Studies ◽  
Central European ◽  
Orpheus And Eurydice ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
And Function

This paper is concerned with resonances of the tragic in twentieth-century central-European dance theatet, to be discussed with particular reference to Pina Bausch's 1975 Orpheus and Eurydice. In my study Resonances of the Tragic: Between Event and Affect (2015), I have argued that in terms of a history of the “longue durée,” the evocation of the tragic occurs in a field of tension between technique, the mise-en-scène, and conceptions, as well as procedures and moments of interruption, of suspension, of disruption and of the indeterminable resulting from ecstatic corporeality. Its structure and function can generate an event in the emphatic sense of the term; consequently, it provides a paradigm for recognizing structures of form and of an aesthetic of reception, structures emerging from individual constellations of the fictional and choric, absence and presence. From the perspective of dance studies, the tragic emanates from the representation of horrendous monstrosity testing the limits of what can be imagined by means of the moved body in all senses of the word; but how exactly does Bausch produce the qualities of the ambivalent, ambiguous, and paradoxical—and, consequently, the tragic?

THE CLASSICAL TURN IN ENLIGHTENMENT STUDIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN EDELSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Course Syllabi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
National Difference

Antiquity is back. In some respects, it is surprising it ever went away: for the last forty years, Peter Gay's magisterial survey, which connected the “little flock” ofphilosopheswith “pagan” authors, has loomed large over the field of Enlightenment studies. But shortly after its publication, a methodological sea change pulled the field in an opposite direction. Robert Darnton hailed this rising tide of social and cultural history in a 1971 largely critical review of Gay's two volumes. The hyper-longue duréeof Gay's historical panorama, which extended from the age of Virgil to that of Voltaire, was soon to be displaced by more focused inquiries into the history of the book, forms of enlightened sociability, and national difference. Intellectual history, particularly of Gay's epic brand, soon became scarce, despite the lasting presence of Gay's two volumes on bibliographies and course syllabi.

À la recherche de l’historicité de l’Unita

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Author(s):  
Michel Cahen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Liberation Movements

A certain historiography of Unita, the main Angolan rebellion fighting against the MPLA regime between 1975 and 2002, presents this movement as the natural product of an ethnic (ovimbundu) and religious (American congregationnalism) maturation in the central Highlands of Angola. Didier Péclard, in his book Les incertitudes de la nation en Angola. Aux racines sociales de l’Unita, deconstructs this argument methodically. He does not deny or underplay ethnic and religious factors, but he studies them in the longue durée, thus avoiding any teleological approach. It is not because Unita took root among the umbundu population and gained important support from a section of the American congregationalist church after 1975 that we can say that this destined to happen. Thereafter Didier Péclard offers us a fine historical sociology of politics which offers an excellently textured contribution to the history of Angola and, more specifically yet, of Unita: one of the Angolan liberation movements which remains the least studied.

scholarly journals Agricultural Treatises in Eurasia before ca. 1500: The Iceberg Method, a Survey, and a Grand Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Janken Myrdal
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
The Mediterranean

This article analyzes all extant agricultural treatises produced before the sixteenth century throughout Eurasia, in order to highlight their importance for the study of agricultural praxis, their significance for constructing a transnational intellectual history of the medieval globe, and their relevance for the development of pragmatic literacies. Such texts emerged both in China and around the Mediterranean before 200 BCE, and somewhat later in India, but few have been preserved and many are difficult to date. Thereafter, the medieval transmission of agricultural knowledge moved via several different regional trajectories and traditions, with Anglo-Norman England becoming a fourth and largely independent birthplace of the agricultural treatise genre during the thirteenth century. The proliferation of these texts becomes evident throughout Eurasia around 1000 CE and increases further from the fourteenth onward. Throughout this longue durée, the contents of these treatises reflect real changes in agricultural technologies, dominant crops, and climate.

Social and Environmental History in the Anthropocene

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Warde
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

This chapter takes seriously the notion of the ‘Anthropocene’—the concept of the period of history from which human activities have had global effects on the environment—and looks at it historically, across the longue durée, noting that the environment is itself a concept with a history of its own. The chapter argues that environmental history is very largely entwined with social history and that this poses a challenge for historians. Should we think of ‘the social’ and ‘the environmental’ as two different (albeit connected) spheres, or should we reconceptualize what ‘society’ and ‘environment’ might mean, both historically and for the future?

Between Medicine and Rhetoric

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pender
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
History Of Rhetoric ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Rhetorical Inquiry ◽  
Medical Reasoning

AbstractInspired by Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis' claim in 1798 that physicians might learn forms of medical reasoning from les anciens rhéteurs, in this paper I explore intimate associations between medicine and rhetoric over the longue durée. Gravely susceptible to error, medical reasoning relies on signs and examples, both gleaned from experience and both the subject of rhetorical inquiry; like rhetoric, medicine reaches plausible conclusions from probable premises. Here, ranging from Hippocrates and Plato through Aristotle to early modern England, I argue that forms of inference developed and refined in the history of rhetoric offer ancient and early modern philosophers and physicians models and metaphors for their own forays into the probable.

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