The history of the Egyptian language is both a linguistic and a cultural one. Considerable synchronic variation can be observed in the record, reflecting the various high-cultural and social settings and determinations of written performance in ancient Egypt at various times. Over the longue durée, Egyptian underwent a series of major typological changes, which, however, are only the overall results of a series of more minute changes following regular principles, paths, and mechanisms of linguistic change, such as grammaticalization. Current research is diverse: it strives for a more detailed description of linguistic change, concerns linguistic contacts with other languages, emphasizes the importance of synchronic variation of all sorts, and problematizes the partly discontinuous nature of the written record by which Egyptian, as a corpus language, presents itself.