The Red Sea

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Blue
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Insight Into

The Red Sea has been always an important highway for maritime trade and shipping. The prevailing winds greatly influence the way that ancient seafarers navigate these waters, contributing to the traditional view that the Red Sea served as a barrier to maritime communications. Despite this, frequent maritime traffic, and remarkably few shipwrecks have been discovered in this region. This article addresses limited shipwreck evidence and draws on a range of diverse evidence, in order to provide some insight into the maritime archaeological record of the Red Sea. It summarizes the available maritime archaeological records regarding the Red Sea. However, there is much more to be discovered and learned about this region as it has stimulated maritime contact, communication and trade along the waterway, and opening channels to the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

The Archaeological Record of Indian Ocean Engagements in the Red Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eivind Heldaas Seland
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the evidence, nature, and development of maritime contacts in the Red Sea and from the Red Sea into the western Indian Ocean from the Neolithic until the start of the Islamic period, c. 4000 BCE–700 CE. In addition to summarizing and highlighting recent archaeological research and ongoing scholarly debates, emphasis is placed on identifying and explaining periods of intensified as well as reduced interaction, and on the relationship between internal Red Sea dynamics and contacts with the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean worlds in light of climate, natural environment, hinterland interest, and a changing geopolitical situation.

Ectoenzymatic activity in surface waters: A transect from the Mediterranean Sea across the Indian Ocean to Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1517-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Misic ◽  
M. Castellano ◽  
M. Fabiano ◽  
N. Ruggieri ◽  
V. Saggiomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Molecular data and updated morphological description of Flabellina rubrolineata (Nudibranchia: Flabellinidae) from the Red and Arabian seas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Irina A. Ekimova ◽  
Tatiana I. Antokhina ◽  
Dimitry M. Schepetov
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
West Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean

Flabellina rubrolineata was believed to have a wide distribution range, being reported from the Mediterranean Sea (non-native), the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas, and the Indo-West Pacific and from Australia to Hawaii. In the present paper, we provide a redescription of Flabellina rubrolineata, based on specimens collected near the type locality of this species in the Red Sea. The morphology of this species was studied using anatomical dissections and scanning electron microscopy. To place this species in the phylogenetic framework and test the identity of other specimens of F. rubrolineata from the Indo-West Pacific we sequenced COI, H3, 16S and 28S gene fragments and obtained phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian and Maximum likelihood inferences. Our morphological and molecular results show a clear separation of F. rubrolineata from the Red Sea from its relatives in the Indo-West Pacific. We suggest that F. rubrolineata is restricted to only the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and to West Indian Ocean, while specimens from other regions belong to a complex of pseudocryptic species.

Submarine gravity measurements in the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea

1957 ◽  
Vol 239 (1217) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
The North ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

The results are given of fifty-eight gravity measurements made at sea in H. M. Submarine Acheron between April and October 1955. Of these, six lie in the North Atlantic, eight in the South Atlantic and thirty-seven in the Indian Ocean. The remainder are in the Red Sea (four), the Mediterranean Sea (two) and off the Isle of Wight (one).

scholarly journals Assimilation of radar altimeter data in numerical wave models: an impact study in two different wave climate regions

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Emmanouil ◽  
G. Galanis ◽  
G. Kallos ◽  
L. A. Breivik ◽  
H. Heiberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Numerical Wave ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Wave Models

Abstract. An operational assimilation system incorporating significant wave height observations in high resolution numerical wave models is studied and evaluated. In particular, altimeter satellite data provided by the European Space Agency (ESA-ENVISAT) are assimilated in the wave model WAM which operates in two different wave climate areas: the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. The first is a wind-sea dominated area while in the second, swell is the principal part of the sea state, a fact that seriously affects the performance of the assimilation scheme. A detailed study of the different impact is presented and the resulting forecasts are evaluated against available buoy and satellite observations. The corresponding results show a considerable improvement in wave forecasting for the Indian Ocean while in the Mediterranean Sea the assimilation impact is restricted to isolated areas.

Indian Ocean Trade and Sultanic Authority: The nāẓir of Jedda and the Mamluk Political Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wing
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
Merchant Networks ◽  
The Indian Ocean

AbstractFaced with a mounting economic crisis, the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Barsbāy (r. 1422-1438) sought new sources of revenue from the commercial economy of the Red Sea port of Jedda, which was emerging in the 15th century as a hub for maritime trade between the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean. This article examines the career of the firstnāẓir, or financial supervisor, of Jedda, a Coptic secretary appointed by Sultan Barsbāy. A glimpse at his career sheds light on strategies employed by the Mamluk sultan to align his household bureaucracy with the business of trade at Jedda and the interests of influential merchant networks, as well as the limitations of such strategies.

Seismic Refraction Experiments in the Indian Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea

Nature ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 172 (4377) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. GASKELL ◽  
J. C. SWALLOW
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean
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