Buddhism, Race, and Ethnicity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Cheah
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
The Us ◽  
Central Factors

This chapter argues that race and ethnicity have been central factors in the development of US Buddhism. It begins with a construction of North American convert Buddhism, whose antecedent goes back to a process of Orientalism initiated by Brian Houghton Hodgson, Eugene Burnouf, and other founding figures of Western Buddhism. Then it examines the term “ethnic Buddhist” as a problematic and unstable category, an assimilationist underpinning in the theories employed by many investigators of US Buddhism that treats ethnicity as an extension of race, the employment of racial formation theory in the study of US Buddhism, the limitation of totalizing teleology and the use of Gramscian theory to transcend the limits of teleology, and the pivotal role that human agency has played in the adaptation of Buddhist practices and beliefs by Asian immigrant Buddhists to the US context.

The 13th Century Copto-Arabic Reception of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī: Al-Rashīd Abū l-Khayr Ibn al-Ṭayyib’s Risālat al-Bayān al-aẓhar fī l-radd ʿalā man yaqūlu bi-l-qaḍāʾ wa-l-qadar

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-169
Author(s):  
Gregor Schwarb
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Eastern Christianity

‭This article (re-)introduces Risālat al-Bayān al-aẓhar, a short and by all appearances unfinished treatise by the Coptic scholar al-Rashīd Abū l-Khayr Ibn al-Ṭayyib (d. after 1270), to exemplify the pivotal role played by the works of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī during the ‘Renaissance’ of Copto-Arabic literature in the 13th and 14th centuries. Rāzī’s œuvre left its mark on both content and form of systematic religious thought in Eastern Christianity. Whilst the Risāla is available in a partial edition since 1938, it has never been studied so far. As we shall see, Ibn al-Ṭayyib’s critique of Rāzī’s deterministic concept of human agency as outlined in the Muḥaṣṣal came in an attempt to counteract what he perceived as a detrimental effect of the mounting popularity which Rāzī’s works enjoyed among contemporaneous Christian readers. The critique is based on a rich patchwork of sources that is characteristic of 13th century Copto-Arabic encyclopaedism.‬

scholarly journals MOTIVASI MEKSIKO MELAKUKAN PENETAPAN TARIF TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PRODUK AS KE MEKSIKO DALAM HUBUNGAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARA DUA NEGARA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fachrie
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

This research discusses the analysis of Mexican motivation in determining tariffs on the distribution of US products to Mexico. In international law, Mexico and the US build a strong free trade cooperation in the North American Free Trade Zone (NAFTA) agreement. They agreed to implement the agreement that is built in that agreement, particularly for the exemption of tariff inthe distribution of products between two countries. In fact, the US could not complete the tariff exemption agreement in the distribution of Mexican products that has been agreed in NAFTA. It delays the implementation of this agreement by complicating the distribution of goods from Mexico to the US with unilateral regulations. Eventually, this research found that Mexico motivation is to respond US regulations on its products for several years. That US action, particularly the logisticsdistribution cooperation, has caused Mexico experiencing difficulties in gaining profits.

scholarly journals Closing the Gender Gap in Corporate Advancement: Insights and Solutions from Behavioural Economics

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 187-225
Author(s):  
Lori Anne Heckbert
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
North American ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
American Business ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Women In The Workplace ◽  
The Us

Despite evidence that both gender and ethnically diverse leadership is good for businesses’ bottom line, just one in five senior North American business leaders is female, one in thirty a woman of colour. Little literature exists applying behavioural economics [BE] concepts to explain gender gaps. Yet, as demonstrated by the 2010 UK Conservative-Liberal Democrats coalition government, the Obama government in the US and Trudeau government in Canada, lawmakers, policymakers and business leaders are interested in BE’s persuasive power to influence behaviour. My contribution exploits this interest, builds on the excellent existing scholarship analyzing gender gap concepts from a BE perspective, and fills this gap. Applying concepts of bounded rationality, bounded willpower, bounded self-interest, and the endowment effect to 2017’s North American-focused Women in the Workplace report (Report) published by LeanIn and McKinsey, a vast study examining HR practices and pipeline data of 222 companies employing 12 million+ people and surveying 70,000+ employees’ experiences, I find that hiring and promotion decisions are affected by the three bounds and endowment effect, undercutting businesses’ compelling economic interest in diverse leadership. BE offers solutions to tackle biased behaviour and shows how gender gap scholars’ and the Report’s recommendations can be taken further to close the gender gap in advancement. I argue that normative best practice adoption by business and nudges and tax incentives from governments, ideally in combination, can spur businesses to adopt debiasing behaviours and practices that will contribute to closing the gender gap in advancement. Enabling women to achieve their full leadership and economic potential will enhance women’s wellbeing, improve businesses’ performance, and lead to greater social equity.

scholarly journals Reductions in US life expectancy from COVID-19 by Race and Ethnicity: Is 2021 a repetition of 2020?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Andrasfay ◽  
Noreen Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
White Population ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Black And Latino

COVID-19 had a huge mortality impact in the US in 2020 and accounted for the majority of the 1.5-year reduction in 2020 life expectancy at birth. There were also substantial racial/ethnic disparities in the mortality impact of COVID-19 in 2020, with the Black and Latino populations experiencing reductions in life expectancy at birth over twice the reduction experienced by the White population. Despite continued vulnerability of the Black and Latino populations, the hope was that widespread distribution of effective vaccines would mitigate the overall impact and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in 2021. In this study, we use cause-deleted life table methods to estimate the impact of COVID-19 mortality on 2021 US period life expectancy. Our partial-year estimates, based on provisional COVID-19 deaths for January-early October 2021 suggest that racial/ethnic disparities have persisted and that life expectancy at birth in 2021 has already declined by 1.2 years from pre-pandemic levels. Our projected full-year estimates, based on projections of COVID-19 deaths through the end of 2021 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, suggest a 1.8-year reduction in US life expectancy at birth from pre-pandemic levels, a steeper decline than the estimates produced for 2020. The reductions in life expectancy at birth estimated for the Black and Latino populations are 1.6-2.4 times the impact for the White population.

scholarly journals L’étrange étranger: l’avenir incertain de l’immigration canadienne

Refuge ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Kinga Janik
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Home Security ◽  
The Us ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Way

This article aims at presenting a reflection on the place to be accorded to refugees in the Canadian society, while at the same time being mindful of security considerations. The fear of new terrorist attacks has prompted North American governments to look inwards and has exacerbated negative feelings towards foreigners. This feeling weighs heavily against refugees. The confusion surrounding what categories of people are trying to cross the Canadian border renders even more insecure the fate of refugees who are seeking asylum in Canada through legitimate ways. This article deals mainly with the way certain government initiatives cast a negative light on refugees. More specifically, the author questions the direction taken by the new government that came into power on 12 December 2003, including the setting up of an agency for border services similar to the US Home Security agency.

scholarly journals THE GENESIS OF THE US FOREIGN POLICY: THE ORIGIN OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE TOPIC, 1610–1820S

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
D. V. Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
North American ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

The research is devoted to the study of the origin of the historiography of the topic of the genesis of the US foreign policy. The key thesis of the work challenges the established position in the scientific literature about the fundamental role of the work of T. Lyman, Jr. «The diplomacy of the United States: being an account of the foreign relations of the country, from the first treaty with France, in 1778, to the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, with Great Britain», published in 1826. The article puts forward an alternative hypothesis: the emergence of the historiography of the genesis of the foreign policy of the United States occurred before the beginning of the second quarter of the XIX century – during the colonial period and the first fifty years of the North American state. A study of the works of thirty-five authors who worked during the 1610s and 1820s showed that amater historians expressed a common opinion about North America’s belonging to the Eurocentric system of international relations; they were sure that both the colonists and the founding fathers perceived international processes on the basis of raison d’être. The conceptualization of the intellectual heritage of non-professional historians allowed us to distinguish three interpretations of the origin of the United States foreign policy: «Autochthonous» – focused on purely North American reasons; «Atlantic» – postulated the borrowing of European practice of international relations by means of the system of relations that developed in the Atlantic in the XVII–XVIII centuries; «Imperial» – stated the adaptation of the British experience. The obtained data refute the provisions of scientific thought of the XX–XXI centuries and create new guidelines for further study of the topic.

scholarly journals Performance of the US Office of Management and Budget's revised race and ethnicity categories in Asian populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Holup ◽  
Nancy Press ◽  
William M. Vollmer ◽  
Emily L. Harris ◽  
Thomas M. Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Us
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