FUTURE PREDICTION OF THE EXPANSION OF BUILT-UP AREAS IN BATAM FREE TRADE ZONE (FTZ) USING LAND CHANGE MODELER

The establishment of Batam City as a Free Trade Zone (FTZ) encourages the city’s growth, as manifested in massive built-up area expansion. The aim of this paper was to analyze the pattern of built-up area expansion in FTZ Batam in 2035 based on the corresponding pattern from 2000 to 2015. Land Change Modeler (LCM) was the instrument used to determine and analyze land cover changes in 2000–2015, from which future changes or built-up area expansion in 2035 were predicted using the validated 2020 land cover map as reference. The validation test based on the Kappa Index of Agreement yielded 96%. The prediction results showed that, compared with 2020, the built-up area in 2035 would have increased by 31.8% and expanded towards the outskirts of FTZ Batam. This sprawl follows the location of the primary activity centers in the FTZ, as allocated in Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 87 of 2011. A new expansion is expected to continue into existing open space and extensive untouched forest areas. These research findings provide a concept that can be utilized to formulate certain policies and regional planning in the future.

How to Evaluate the Green and High-Quality Development Path? An FsQCA Approach on the China Pilot Free Trade Zone

In today’s world, green development has become an important trend, and many countries regard the development of green industry as an important measure to promote economic restructuring. Green development is consistent with sustainable development in ideology. China’s economy is in the stage of high-quality development. As an important foundation for China’s external economic development, the free trade zone can play a good role in promoting its green and high-quality development. Based on the data of 18 free trade zones in China in 2020, this paper explores the green and high-quality development path of the China Pilot Free Trade Zone. Firstly, the green development index is constructed according to the existing research and experience, and then the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to evaluate the green and high-quality development path. The results show that the development of pilot free trade zones is not the result of a single condition but the result of a combination of green policy effectiveness, foreign investment participation, green production growth rate, and other conditions. Combined with the green and high-quality development path, this paper further provides enlightenment for the development of the China Pilot Free Trade Zone.

Development of Industry 4.0 in the Manaus Industrial Hub from priority programs / Desenvolvimento da Indústria 4.0 no PIM a partir de programas prioritários

Owner of one of the most expressive industrial hubs in Latin America, the Manaus Free Trade Zone is inserted in the context of Industry 4.0, initially through the Informatics Law of Western Amazonia and Amapá, which regulates the application of resources in research, development and innovation (RDI) in the region. The Priority Programs as vectors for the development of Industry 4.0, at the Manaus Industrial Hub, are the central objective of this study, as well as their contributions through projects, partnerships, fundraising and investments in thematic areas focused on enabling technologies that are the “backbone” of Industry 4.0. To reach the general objective, information was collected from the coordinating institution of the Priority Program for Industry 4.0 and Industrial Modernization and other coordinating institutions of the Priority Programs that aim to demonstrate trends and reflections on the implementation process and the strengthening of Industry 4.0 in the Manaus Industrial Hub, especially, based on the action of the Priority Programs.

Green TFP Heterogeneity in the Ports of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zone under Environmental Constraints

In the context of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ), ports have a new opportunity to realize high-quality development. Based on the analysis of the current situation of pollutant emissions from ports in China’s Pilot Free Trade Zones (FTZs), this paper introduces environmental factors into the analysis framework of the total factor productivity (TFP) of ports in China’s FTZs, and uses the Global Malmquist–Luenberger index method to analyze the evolution trend and heterogeneity of green TFP in 28 ports of China’s 19 FTZs from 2011 to 2017. The results show that firstly, the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and other pollutants in China’s FTZs have been decreasing year by year. Secondly, both the green TFP and the traditional TFP of the ports in FTZs are on the rise. The absence of environmental factors leads to the underestimation of the TFP of ports. For the green TFP, the main source of its growth is technological progress. Thirdly, there is obvious port heterogeneity in the green TFP of FTZ ports. Nanjing Port has the highest green TFP growth rate, with an average annual growth rate of 21.95%. Ningbo Port, which ranks 14th, has an average annual growth rate of 5.46%. Fuzhou Port, which is rated last, has negative growth. Fourthly, there is also obvious types and regional heterogeneity in the green TFP of FTZ ports. When categorized by type, the average annual growth rate of green TFP in inland ports is significantly higher than that of coastal ports. When categorized by region, the descending order of the average annual growth rate of green TFP is the western region, the eastern region and the central region. Fifthly, the green TFP differences among the eastern, central, and western regions, as well as between inland ports and coastal ports, are shrinking. Moreover, the green TFP differences within inland ports and coastal ports and within central ports and eastern ports are also shrinking, implying there may be σ convergence. The conclusions of this paper have important implications for the scientific understanding of the heterogeneity of green TFP growth in ports in China’s FTZs, and how to promote the green development of ports in China’s FTZs under environmental constraints.

Analysis on the Development of Business Invitation and Investment Attraction in Nansha Free Trade Zone—Taking the Pony.ai’s “Unicorn” Project as an Example

Nansha Free Trade Zone is one of the most representative and potential free trade zones in China. Since its establishment in 2015, with the unique geographical advantages of the geometric geographical center of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) and relying on the strategic development plan of “Three Areas Integration”, it had made continuous innovation and development in political, economic, cultural and other fields. The plan is constantly innovating and developing in various fields such as politics, economy, and culture. In the past two years, the development of the Nansha free trade zone had attracted cooperation and investment from many well-known enterprises. The municipal government had also invested in many key projects in Nansha. The Pony.ai’s “Unicorn” Project, as a project just started in recent years, had undoubtedly become a key project for business invitation and investment attraction in the Nansha Free Trade Zone in the near future. Taking the “unicorn” pony Zhixing project as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of business invitation and investment attraction in the Nansha Free Trade Zone and puts forward some suggestions.

TINJAUAN AKUNTANSI PNBP BERUPA UANG WAJIB TAHUNAN PADA BADAN PENGUSAHAAN BATAM

Annual dues (UWT) are mandatory deposit paid by land user to government institution who authorities the specific zone that is Batam Indonesia Free Zone Authority (BP Batam). UWT is based by developing Batam specific zone where is one of free trade zone in Indonesia. The purpose of research UWT is to find out the contribution of revenue target in BP Batam, collection mechanism, and accounting treatment procedures. As earmarked revenue theory, the UWT receipt creates the optimal of public service with specific in one object. The method of research is literature review, data observation, and interview. The result of research shows, the realization of UWT in last 2 years is almost twice from the target planned, so that it effects to shopping fulfillment for public service which is more optimal. More about of accounting treatment, BP Batam still not fully implemented PSAP 13 in recognition and measurement. It has an impact to presentation of financial statement with dual reporting. PSAP 13 is only implemented on presentation financial statement which is consolidated in financial statement of central government (LKPP) Uang Wajib Tahunan (UWT) merupakan setoran yang wajib dibayar oleh pemohon pengelola lahan kepada suatu badan hukum pemerintah yang mengelolaa kawasan khusus yaitu Badan Pengusahaan Batam (BP Batam). Adanya UWT didasari oleh pengembangan kawasan khusus Batam yang telah menjadi kawasan perdagangan bebas. Tujuan penelitian terhadap UWT adalah mengetahui besarnya kontribusi terhadap target pendapatan BP Batam, mekanisme pemungutannya, dan tata cara perlakuan akuntansinya. Berdasarkan teori earmarked revenue, penerimaan dari hasil UWT mewujudkan dalam rangka pengoptimalan pelayanan publik secara spesifik dalam satu objek badan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode studi pustaka, observasi data, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, realisasi UWT dalam 2 tahun terakhir mengalami realisasi mencapai hampir 2 kali lipat dari target yang direncanakan, sehingga hal tersebut berdampak pada pemenuhan belanja untuk pelayanan publik yang lebih optimal. Lebih lanjut mengenai perlakuan akuntansinya, BP Batam masih belum sepenuhnya menerapkan PSAP 13 secara penuh dalam pengakuan dan pengukuran. Hal tersebut berdampak dengan timbulnya penyajian laporan keuangan secara berganda. PSAP 13 hanya diimplementasikan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan yang dikonsolidasi dengan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP)

MOTIVASI MEKSIKO MELAKUKAN PENETAPAN TARIF TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PRODUK AS KE MEKSIKO DALAM HUBUNGAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARA DUA NEGARA

This research discusses the analysis of Mexican motivation in determining tariffs on the distribution of US products to Mexico. In international law, Mexico and the US build a strong free trade cooperation in the North American Free Trade Zone (NAFTA) agreement. They agreed to implement the agreement that is built in that agreement, particularly for the exemption of tariff inthe distribution of products between two countries. In fact, the US could not complete the tariff exemption agreement in the distribution of Mexican products that has been agreed in NAFTA. It delays the implementation of this agreement by complicating the distribution of goods from Mexico to the US with unilateral regulations. Eventually, this research found that Mexico motivation is to respond US regulations on its products for several years. That US action, particularly the logisticsdistribution cooperation, has caused Mexico experiencing difficulties in gaining profits.