Buddhism and Science as Ethical Discourse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Cho
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Science ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Buddhist Doctrine ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Dependent Arising

The discourse about the similarity and compatibility between Buddhism and science has persisted from the late nineteenth century into the current day as a central feature of contemporary Buddhism. A consistent aspect of this meeting of traditional Buddhism and modern Western science is the desire to turn the moral narratives implied by scientific theories toward ethical and spiritual visions, in explicit opposition to mechanistic and matter-reductionistic worldviews. This chapter examines the most recent expressions of this impulse, which focus on the Buddhist doctrine of dependent arising (pratitya-samutpada) and displace reductionistic theories in evolutionary biology, cognitive science, and physics with new insights from systems science.

Religion, Evolution and Scottish Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Gordon Graham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The University ◽  
The Chairs

This paper explores developments in the defence of theism within Scottish philosophy following Hume's Dialogues and the advent of Darwinian evolutionary biology. By examining the writings of two nineteenth-century Scottish philosophers, it aims to show that far from Darwinian biology completing Hume's destruction of natural theology, it prompted a new direction for the defence of philosophical theism. Henry Calderwood and Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison occupied, respectively, the Chairs of Moral Philosophy and Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh in the late nineteenth century. Their books reveal that the challenge of articulating new grounds for philosophical theism was not motivated by a conservative desire to see off a new intellectual threat, but by a desire for a proper understanding of evolutionary biology.

Reading the Hand: Palmistry, Graphology and Alternative Literacies

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rains
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
New Journalism ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter examines an alternative mode of reading signs: that of the graphology craze of the nineteenth century. As literacy increased exponentially during the late nineteenth century in Ireland, a central feature of the ‘new journalism’ style of the popular press was that readers wrote back, whether in the form of letters to the editor or entries to the numerous competitions. This Irish alternative to the Habermassian public sphere involved significant female participation. Such contests were an opportunity for readers to enjoy and display their literacy. But perhaps the most revealing indication of the importance of writing in the popular imagination was the rise of ‘graphology’, which claimed to read a person’s ‘character’ from their handwriting. This chapter examines these acts of writing and what they signified for ordinary readers, many of who would have been the first in their families to write with confidence. While the economic benefits of literacy are well-charted, many of the writers studied in this chapter view their handwriting as a meaningful personal characteristic: a concretization and projection of the self enabled by the rapidly-expanding print culture of late nineteenth-century Ireland.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

John Lloyd Williams (1854–1945): profile of a Snowdonian botanist

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dewi Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Major Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

John Lloyd Williams was an authority on the arctic-alpine flora of Snowdonia during the late nineteenth century when plant collecting was at its height, but unlike other botanists and plant collectors he did not fully pursue the fashionable trend of forming a complete herbarium. His diligent plant-hunting in a comparatively little explored part of Snowdonia led to his discovering a new site for the rare Killarney fern (Trichomanes speciosum), a feat which was considered a major achievement at the time. For most part of the nineteenth century plant distribution, classification and forming herbaria, had been paramount in the learning of botany in Britain resulting in little attention being made to other aspects of the subject. However, towards the end of the century many botanists turned their attention to studying plant physiology, a subject which had advanced significantly in German laboratories. Rivalry between botanists working on similar projects became inevitable in the race to be first in print as Lloyd Williams soon realized when undertaking his major study on the cytology of marine algae.

Illustrated Media, the Built Environment and Identity Politics in Fin-de-siècle Catalonia: Printing Images, Making the Nation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Lucila Mallart
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article explores the role of visuality in the identity politics of fin-de-siècle Catalonia. It engages with the recent reevaluation of the visual, both as a source for the history of modern nation-building, and as a constitutive element in the emergence of civic identities in the liberal urban environment. In doing so, it offers a reading of the mutually constitutive relationship of the built environment and the print media in late-nineteenth century Catalonia, and explores the role of this relation as the mechanism by which the so-called ‘imagined communities’ come to exist. Engaging with debates on urban planning and educational policies, it challenges established views on the interplay between tradition and modernity in modern nation-building, and reveals long-term connections between late-nineteenth-century imaginaries and early-twentieth-century beliefs and practices.

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