Quality of HMO Vaccination Databases Used to Monitor Childhood Vaccine Safety

Vaccine safety skeptics are often thought to be more likely to self-identify as Democrats (vs. Independents or Republicans). Recent studies, however, suggest that childhood vaccine misinformation is either more common among Republicans, or is uninfluenced by partisan identification (PID). Uncertainty about the partisan underpinnings of vaccine misinformation acceptance is important, as it could complicate efforts to pursue pro-vaccine health policies. I theorize that Republicans should be more likely to endorse anti-vaccine misinformation, as they tend to express more-negative views toward scientific experts. Across six demographically and nationally representative surveys, I find that—while few Americans think that “anti-vaxxers” are more likely to be Republicans than Democrats—Republican PID is significantly associated with the belief that childhood vaccines can cause autism. Consistent with theoretical expectations, effect is strongly mediated by anti-expert attitudes—an effect which supplemental panel analyses suggest is unlikely to be reverse causal.

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Danish 2011 update on childhood vaccine safety

Reactions Weekly ◽

10.2165/00128415-201113780-00004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol &NA; (1378) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Safety ◽

Childhood Vaccine

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A randomised controlled trial to compare opt-in and opt-out parental consent for childhood vaccine safety surveillance using data linkage

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2011-100145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 619-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jesia G Berry ◽

Philip Ryan ◽

Michael S Gold ◽

Annette J Braunack-Mayer ◽

Katherine M Duszynski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Data Linkage ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Parental Consent ◽

Safety Surveillance ◽

Opt Out ◽

Childhood Vaccine ◽

Using Data ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Congress examines childhood vaccine safety

Nature Medicine ◽

10.1038/12387 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 970-970

Author(s):

Alan Dove

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Safety ◽

Childhood Vaccine

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Quantifying The Effect of Wakefield et al. (1998) on Skepticism about MMR Vaccine Safety in the U.S.

10.31235/osf.io/7wjb2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matt Motta ◽

Dominik Stecula

Keyword(s):

Media Coverage ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Media Attention ◽

News Stories ◽

Childhood Vaccine

Background. Efforts to trace the rise of childhood vaccine safety concerns in the US often suggest Andrew Wakefield and colleagues’ retracted 1998 Lancet study (AW98) – which alleged that the MMR vaccine can cause children to develop autism – as a primary cause of US vaccine skepticism. However, a lack of public opinion data on MMR safety collected before/after AW98’s publication obscures whether anecdotal accounts are indicative of a potentially-causal effect. Methods. We address this problem using a regression discontinuity framework to study change in monthly MMR injury claims (N = 74,850; from 1990-2019) from the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) to proxy concern about vaccine safety. Additionally, we suggest a potential mechanism for the effect of AW98 on vaccine skepticism, via automated sentiment analyses of MMR-related news stories (N = 674; from 1996-2000) in major television and newspaper outlets. Results. AW98 led to an immediate increase of about 70 MMR injury claims cases per month, averaging across six estimation strategies (meta-analytic effect = 70.44 [52.19, 88.75], p < 0.01). Preliminary evidence suggests that the volume of negative media attention to MMR increased in the weeks following AW98’s publication, across four estimation strategies (meta-analytic effect = 9.59% [3.66, 15.51], p < 0.01).Conclusions. Vaccine skepticism increased following the publication of AW98, which was potentially made possible by increased negative media coverage of MMR. Significance. Childhood vaccine skepticism presents an important challenge to widespread vaccine uptake, and undermines support for pro-vaccine health policies. In addition to advancing our understanding of the previously-obscured origins of US vaccine skepticism, our work cautions that high-profile media attention to inaccurate scientific studies can undermine public confidence in vaccines. We conclude by offering several recommendations that researchers and health communicators might consider to detect and address future threats to vaccine confidence.

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Factors affecting recommended childhood vaccine demand

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-219184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

İkbal Ece Dizbay ◽

Ömer Öztürkoğlu

Keyword(s):

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Focus Group Study ◽

Fuzzy Dematel ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

National Immunization ◽

Access To Health ◽

Childhood Vaccine ◽

Childhood Vaccines

Reaching a high vaccination coverage level is of vital essence when preventing epidemic diseases. For mandatory vaccines, the demand can be forecasted using some demographics such as birth rates or populations between certain ages. However, it has been difficult to forecast non-mandatory vaccine demands because of vaccine hesitation, alongside other factors such as social norms, literacy rate, or healthcare infrastructure. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to explore the predominant factors that affect the non-mandatory vaccine demand, focusing on the recommended childhood vaccines, which are usually excluded from national immunization programs. For this study, fifty-nine factors were determined and categorized as system-oriented and human-oriented factors. After a focus group study conducted with ten experts, seven system-oriented and eight human-oriented factors were determined. To reveal the cause and effect relationship between factors, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods called Fuzzy-DEMATEL was implemented. The results of the analysis showed that “Immunization-related beliefs”, “Media/social media contents/messaging”, and “Social, cultural, religious norms” have a strong influence on non-mandatory childhood vaccine demand. Furthermore, whereas “Availability and access to health care facilities” and “Political/ financial support to health systems” are identified as cause group factors, “Quality of vaccine and service delivery management” is considered an effect group factor. Lastly, a guide was generated for decision-makers to help their forecasting process of non-mandatory vaccine demands to avoid vaccine waste or shortage.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Mukalla City, Yemen

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1006327/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulla Bin-Ghouth ◽

Khaled Hussien Al-Kaldy

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Negative Role ◽

High Level

Abstract Background: In Yemen the epidemiology of COVID19 is uncertain. Yemen received the first batch of AstraZeneca vaccine in April 2021 and the vaccine campaign starts officially on 20 April 2021 with limited utilization. Media play a negative role about AstraZeneca vaccine safety and efficacy.Objectives: to investigate the acceptance of People and health workers in Mukalla city in Hadharmout (at eastern Yemen) toward the COVID-19 vaccine.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study to collect data from a convenience sample of health workers and other people during the first week of April 2021. Results: A total of 321 persons agree to participate in the study. Only 9% of the participants and 22% of health workers have knowledge about the COVID19 vaccine, only 15% of people and 26% of health workers agree to get the vaccine while 241 participants (75%) hesitated to get the vaccine. The most reasons for vaccine hesitancy were: the vaccine were arrived to Yemen of bad quality (69%), while 48% of hesitated participants said that the vaccine is unsafe, other reasons for unacceptance the vaccine are: regional believes (38%), other countries stop the vaccine (37%) while 16% of refused participants said that the reason is that the virus is subject to mutation so no need to vaccinate. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine and high level of vaccine hesitancy were reported, the most frequent reasons for not accepted the vaccine are: bad quality of the vaccine and doubts about vaccine safety.

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Quality Assessments of HMO Diagnosis Databases Used to Monitor Childhood Vaccine Safety

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633855 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (02) ◽

pp. 163-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. Drew ◽

F. DeStefano ◽

J. Maher ◽

K. Bohlke ◽

V. Immanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Record ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Error Rates ◽

Misclassification Error ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Random Samples ◽

Automated Screening ◽

Assess Quality

Summary Objective: To assess the quality of automated diagnoses extracted from medical care databases by the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) study. Methods: Two methods are used to assess quality of VSD diagnosis data. The first method compares common automated and abstracted diagnostic categories (“outcomes”) in 1-2% simple random samples of study populations. The second method estimates positive predictive values of automated diagnosis codes used to identify potential cases of rare conditions (e.g., acute ataxia) for inclusion in nested case-control medical record abstraction studies. Results: There was good agreement (64-68%) between automated and abstracted outcomes in the 1-2% simple random samples at 3 of the 4 VSD sites and poor agreement (44%) at 1 site. Overall at 3 sites, 56% of children with automated cerebella ataxia codes (ICD-9 = 334) and 22% with “lack of coordination” codes (ICD-9 = 781.3) met objective clinical criteria for acute ataxia. Conclusions: The misclassification error rates for automated screening outcomes substantially reduce the power of screening analyses and limit usefulness of screening analyses to moderate to strong vaccine-outcome associations. Medical record verification of outcomes is needed for definitive assessments.

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Evaluating the quality of voice assistants’ responses to consumer health questions about vaccines: an exploratory comparison of Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri

BMJ Health & Care Informatics ◽

10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e100075 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emily Couvillon Alagha ◽

Rachel Renee Helbing

Keyword(s):

Patient Education ◽

Health Information ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Health Technology ◽

High Variability ◽

Consumer Health ◽

Quality Of Voice ◽

Audio Output ◽

The Voice

ObjectiveTo assess the quality and accuracy of the voice assistants (VAs), Amazon Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant, in answering consumer health questions about vaccine safety and use.MethodsResponses of each VA to 54 questions related to vaccination were scored using a rubric designed to assess the accuracy of each answer provided through audio output and the quality of the source supporting each answer.ResultsOut of a total of 6 possible points, Siri averaged 5.16 points, Google Assistant averaged 5.10 points and Alexa averaged 0.98 points. Google Assistant and Siri understood voice queries accurately and provided users with links to authoritative sources about vaccination. Alexa understood fewer voice queries and did not draw answers from the same sources that were used by Google Assistant and Siri.ConclusionsThose involved in patient education should be aware of the high variability of results between VAs. Developers and health technology experts should also push for greater usability and transparency about information partnerships as the health information delivery capabilities of these devices expand in the future.

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A pre and post intervention study measuring the effect of interactive education on adolescent perceptions of vaccines, vaccine safety and disease risk

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdz089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. e272-e277

Author(s):

Jaymie-lynn Blanchard ◽

Caitlin Johnson ◽

Margaret McIntyre ◽

Natasha S Crowcroft ◽

Andrea McLellan

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Interactive Education ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Childhood Vaccine ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Adolescents make decisions about their own vaccinations and will be the childhood vaccine decision makers of tomorrow. It is therefore essential to educate adolescents about the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization safety. This study evaluated the impact of an interactive education initiative among adolescents at a high school in North Bay Ontario. Methods An anonymized questionnaire to assess students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases was administered before and after delivering an interactive session. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to test for differences between pre and post responses. Results The intervention increased the students’ awareness that measles is a disease that affects their generation (P < 0.05). Improvements were also noted in the perceived risk of pertussis (P < 0.05) and tetanus (0.05). After the session, respondents were also more willing to participate with their parents in decisions affecting their healthcare (P < 0.05). Students’ perception of vaccine safety also improved (P < 0.001). Conclusions Post survey results suggest that the interactive educational intervention had a positive effect on the adolescents’ perceptions and attitudes towards immunization. Further research is required to determine the impact of this type of intervention on adolescents’ future decision-making with respect to immunization.

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