Networks and systemic risk in the financial system

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Gai ◽  
Sujit Kapadia
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Network Models ◽  
System Risk ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The complex web of exposures and interlinkages across the financial system highlights the relevance of network analysis in understanding systemic risk and guiding the design of financial regulation. This paper discusses how network models—and those based on epidemiological approaches in particular—offer a compelling description of the structure of real-world financial systems and shed light on different contagion mechanisms seen during the global financial crisis. We also review how these insights may inform macroprudential risk assessment and policy in the areas of stress-testing the financial system and the regulation of systemically important institutions. The role of non-bank financial intermediation and social networks in shaping financial system risk is also briefly considered.

Transparency Regulation in Financial Markets – Moving into the Surveillance Age?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Iris H-Y Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Risk Oversight

In the wake of the global financial crisis, the trajectory of legal reforms is likely to turn towards more transparency regulation. This article argues that transparency regulation will take on a new role of surveillance as intelligence and data mining expand in the wholesale financial sector, supporting the creation of designated systemic risk oversight regulators.The role of market discipline, which has been acknowledged to be weak leading up to the financial crisis, is likely to be eclipsed by a more technocratic governance in the financial sector. In this article, however, concerns are raised about the expansion of technocratic surveillance and whether financial sector participants would internalise the discipline of regulatory control. Certain endemic features of the financial sector will pose challenges for financial regulation even in the surveillance age.

scholarly journals Measuring Systemic Risk Contribution of International Mutual Funds

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Joshua Aizenman ◽  
Yothin Jinjarak ◽  
Huanhuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Risk Contribution ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial System

The global financial crisis of 2007–09 has increased the attention of policymakers and academics on the scale and operation of interconnected financial systems, especially on what has become known as ‘too big to fail’ in the global financial system, including both bank and nonbanks. In this chapter, we study the systemic risk of the mutual fund sector in the global financial system. More specifically, this chapter provides new evidence of systemic risk contribution in the international mutual fund sector from 2000 to 2011. The empirical analysis tracks the systemic risk of 10,570 mutual funds investing internationally. The main findings suggest that the systemic risk contributions of international mutual funds are more than proportional given the fund’s size. Policy implications are discussed in terms of practicality of regulation, macroprudential approach, and risk-taking behaviour of fund managers.

Transparency of Financial Regulation

2014 ◽  
pp. 257-285
Author(s):  
James R. Barth ◽  
Apanard (Penny) Prabha ◽  
Clas Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This chapter explores the concept of transparency in financial regulation from the perspective of the public. It looks at the role of risk assessment in transparency and the regulatory environment as well as the importance of pluralism in competition in the financial sector. The chapter first considers the meaning of “transparency of financial regulation” and its relation to simplicity. It then traces the progression of the Basel capital adequacy framework from Basel I to Basel III, along with the sources of lack of transparency in the framework. It also presents data showing the lack of transparency in the Basel Capital Accord and countries’ regulatory responses to the global financial crisis. Differences in the implementation of regulation regarding systemically important financial institutions are outlined. Finally, it discusses recent proposals for the separation or separability of financial activities with the goal of enhancing the transparency of banks’ activities for both market participants and resolution authorities.

Book Reviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-823
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Ashoka Mody of International Monetary Fund reviews “Growth with Financial Stability: Central Banking in an Emerging Market” by Rakesh Mohan. The EconLit abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the evolving roles of fiscal, monetary, and financial policies in India and their interaction and adaptation since India's independence, focusing on reforms since the early 1990s. Discusses the growth record of the Indian economy -- a story of sustained savings and investment; sustaining growth with stability -- the role of fiscal and monetary policies; innovation and growth -- role of the financial sector; development of banking and financial markets in India -- fostering growth while containing risk; development of the Indian debt market; financial inclusion in India; communication in central banks -- a perspective; volatile capital flows and Indian monetary policy; liberalization and regulation of capital flows -- lessons for emerging market economies; the global financial crisis -- causes, impact, policy responses, and lessons; emerging contours of financial regulation -- challenges and dynamics; and economic reforms in India --where we are and where we go. Mohan is Professor in the Practice of International Economics and Finance with the School of Management and Senior Fellow at the Jackson Institute of Global Affairs at Yale University. Index.

scholarly journals A Macroprudential Approach to Financial Regulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G Hanson ◽  
Anil K Kashyap ◽  
Jeremy C Stein
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Costly Failure ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Many observers have argued that the regulatory framework in place prior to the global financial crisis was deficient because it was largely “microprudential” in nature. A microprudential approach is one in which regulation is partial equilibrium in its conception and aimed at preventing the costly failure of individual financial institutions. By contrast, a “macroprudential” approach recognizes the importance of general equilibrium effects, and seeks to safeguard the financial system as a whole. In the aftermath of the crisis, there seems to be agreement among both academics and policymakers that financial regulation needs to move in a macroprudential direction. In this paper, we offer a detailed vision for how a macroprudential regime might be designed. Our prescriptions follow from a specific theory of how modern financial crises unfold and why both an unregulated financial system, as well as one based on capital rules that only apply to traditional banks, is likely to be fragile. We begin by identifying the key market failures at work: why individual financial firms, acting in their own interests, deviate from what a social planner would have them do. Next, we discuss a number of concrete steps to remedy these market failures. We conclude the paper by comparing our proposals to recent regulatory reforms in the United States and to proposed global banking reforms.

scholarly journals International cooperation on financial market regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Abendschein ◽  
Harry Gölz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Financial Market Regulation ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Impure Public Good

AbstractAt the latest the global financial crisis has raised the awareness of the need for a globally coordinated financial market regulation. Even though the necessity to cooperate is widely acknowledged, cooperation is often limited in practice. This article characterizes the formation of self-enforcing international financial regulation agreements. Our analysis allows to evaluate the desirability and feasibility of cooperative solutions and explains the challenges associated with the process of cooperation. We model the cooperation of national financial regulators in a game-theoretical framework that considers financial stability to be an impure public good. Joint national supervisory effort is supposed to increase aggregate welfare in terms of a more stable financial system both on a global and on a local level by simultaneously generating incentives to free-ride. Our analysis in general indicates the difficulty of reaching a fully cooperative solution. In our basic version of the model we show that partial cooperation of two or three countries is stable and improves the welfare of all countries relative to the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium. Further analyses highlight the role of additional club benefits. When signatory countries of a coalition gain benefits over and above the joint welfare maximization, stable coalitions of any size become feasible.

scholarly journals Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Asset Quality

The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) took place against the backdrop of an ongoing recovery of the financial system. Since the global financial crisis (GFC), financial regulation has been substantially enhanced by the implementation of euro area-wide (EA-wide) regulatory and supervisory frameworks. Furthermore, the Italian authorities have implemented important measures that improved governance, facilitated capitalization, raised prudential requirements, and improved asset quality. In response, Italian banks have made substantial progress tackling legacy non-performing loans (NPLs) and improving solvency ratios.

Becoming the World’s Biggest Market

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Spagna
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Credit Default Swaps ◽  
Deregulated Markets ◽  
Otc Derivatives ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
Credit Default ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This chapter analyzes the growth of OTC derivatives before the global financial crisis of 2008 and the role of credit default swaps, in particular, in the near collapse of the global economy. It begins by exploring the basic characteristics of derivatives used as risk management instruments by investors to hedge against or exploit the volatility of asset prices. The analysis further reveals that the pre-crisis period was characterized by a broad-based consensus favoring deregulated markets and globally designed private rules. While not always unanimously supported, permissive public regulatory choices were often encouraged by interest group lobbying, the market-friendly views of many domestic authorities, and concerns about regulatory uncertainty and international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Islamic Fintech in Combating the Aftershocks of COVID-19: The Pen Social Innovation of the Islamic Financial System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Mustafa Raza Rabbani ◽  
Abu Bashar ◽  
Nishad Nawaz ◽  
Sitara Karim ◽  
Mahmood Asad Mohd. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The World

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of the Islamic financial system in recovery post-COVID-19 and the way Fintech can be utilized to combat the economic reverberations created by COVID-19. The global financial crisis of 2008 has established the credentials of the Islamic financial system as a sustainable financial system which can save the long run interests of the average citizens around the world while adding value to the real economy. The basic ethical tenets available in the Islamic financial system make it more suited and readymade to fight the economic aftershocks of a pandemic like COVID-19. The basic principles of ethical Islamic finance have solid connections to financial stability and corporate social responsibility within the wide-reaching business context. With the emergence of Financial technology (Fintech) it has provided a missing impetus to the Islamic financial system to compete on equal ground with its conventional counterpart and prove its mettle. The study uses discourse analysis along with the content analysis to extract content and draw a conclusion. The findings of the study indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity for the social and open innovation to grow and finance world have turned to open innovation to provide a speedy, timely, reliable, and sustainable solution to the world. The findings of the study provide significant implications for governments and policy makers in efficient application of Fintech and innovative Islamic financial services to fight the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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